Mining equipment effectiveness for sustainable mining development. A case study focused on drilling rig equipment

Mining companies need to implement models which allow to develop a dynamic and agile mining process, based on the statistics analysis. OMEE (Overall Mining Equipment Effectiveness) is a methodology that allows to study the effectiveness and the technical replacement time of mining equipment through four steps: i) Acting; ii) Observing; iii) Evaluating; and, iv) Planning; analysing four vital parameters: i) Technical availability rate; ii) Mechanical availability rate; iii) Utilization; and, iv) Productivity index. The case study side was an open pit coal mine located in the North-West of Spain. In this paper, the performance of six drilling rig equipment has been analysed for twelve years. The research uses the OMME method, to assess the effectiveness of the mining equipment fleet and to estimate the technical replacement time.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraPostprint (published version

3D numerical simulation of slope-flexible system interaction using a mixed FEM-SPH model

Flexible membranes are light structures anchored to the ground that protect infrastructures or dwellings from rock or soil sliding. One alternative to design these structures is by using numerical simulations. However, very few models were found until date and most of them are in 2D and do not include all their components. This paper presents the development of a numerical model combining Finite Element Modelling (FEM) with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation. Both cylindrical and spherical failure of the slope were simulated. One reference geometry of the slope was designed and a total of 21 slip circles were calculated considering different soil parameters, phreatic level position and drainage solutions. Four case studies were extracted from these scenarios and simulated using different dimensions of the components of the system. As a validation model, an experimental test that imitates the soil detachment and its retention by the steel membrane was successfully reproduced

Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements

[EN] Mining activities are essential for a population’s development; however, they also produce negative effects such as the production of waste, an impact on flora and water pollution. On the other hand, construction is one of the sectors which is most demanding of raw materials, with one of the main such materials being water. For this reason, this research evaluates the feasibility of incorporating water contaminated by mining waste into ceramic materials for bricks. In this way, the use of water is reduced and, on the other hand, the contaminating elements of the mining water are encapsulated in the ceramic matrix. To achieve this, the clay used and the contaminated water were first analysed, then different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of contaminated water. These samples were tested to determine their physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, leachate tests were carried out to determine that the ceramic material created did not cause environmental problems. The test results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics were not influenced by the addition of contaminated water. On the other hand, the leachate tests showed that encapsulation of most of the potentially toxic elements occurred. However, the use of contaminated water as mixing water for ceramics could only be performed up to 60%, as higher percentages would leach impermissible arsenic concentrations. Accordingly, a new way of reusing water contaminated by mining activities is developed in this study, taking advantage of resources, avoiding environmental pollution and creating economic and environmentally friendly end products

Modelo ProLab: Caser@, nuevo canal de venta directa de productos agrícolas en la ciudad de Lima

En el periodo 2000-2015, el sector agrícola ha experimentado un crecimiento sostenido. No obstante, no todos los actores del sector se han beneficiado por igual. Los pequeños agricultores enfrentan dificultades para competir en un mercado dominado por grandes productores debido a los altos costos operativos. En respuesta a esta problemática, proponemos una solución integral. La solución combina almacenamiento seguro y una aplicación móvil. Almacenaremos productos agrícolas en un espacio acondicionado con cámaras de frío para reducir pérdidas de los productos; mientras que a través de la aplicación Caser@, se digitalizará la oferta de los productos agrícolas hacia los consumidores que buscan precios atractivos y apoyar a pequeños agricultores. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto, hemos utilizado enfoques de Design Thinking, Lean Six Sigma y Agile para diseñar prototipos y desarrollar soluciones adaptadas a las necesidades identificadas; asimismo, hemos validado la factibilidad, deseabilidad y viabilidad de nuestra propuesta, obteniendo una respuesta positiva en todos los frentes. El proyecto Caser@ genera un valor económico y social. Con una inversión inicial de S/653,820.00, logramos un VAN financiero de S/2,775,814 con una TIR del 58.3% y un VAN social de S/3,840,887 en los primeros 5 años. Además, contribuye al Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 8 al mejorar la productividad y estabilidad financiera de los pequeños agricultores. Esta solución representa una oportunidad significativa para apoyar a los pequeños agricultores y mejorar la eficiencia del sector agrícola.In the period 2000-2015, the agricultural sector has experienced sustained growth. However, not all actors in the sector have benefited equally. Small farmers face difficulties competing in a market dominated by large producers due to high operating costs. In response to this problem, we propose a comprehensive solution. The solution combines secure storage and a mobile application. We will store agricultural products in a conditioned space with cold chambers to reduce product losses, while the Caser@ application will digitize the supply of agricultural products to consumers looking for attractive prices and support small farmers. For the development of this project, we have used Design Thinking, Lean Six Sigma and Agile approaches to design prototypes and develop solutions adapted to the identified needs; we have also validated the feasibility, desirability and viability of our proposal, obtaining a positive response on all fronts. The Caser@ project generates economic and social value. With an initial investment of S/653,820.00, we achieved a financial NPV of S/2,775,814 with an IRR of 58.3% and a social NPV of S/3,840,887 in the first 5 years. In addition, it contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 by improving the productivity and financial stability of smallholder farmers. This solution represents a significant opportunity to support smallholder farmers and improve the efficiency of the agricultural secto

Anafilaxia en niños y adultos: prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento

La anafilaxia es una condición que requiere asistencia inmediata para su resolución, se puede presentar en diferentes entornos: consultorio, hospital, escuela, hogar o en algún otro espacio público. La información aquí contenida forma parte de lineamientos conocidos sobre prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se abordan aspectos epidemiológicos, desencadenantes, factores de riesgo y cofactores; se explican de una manera didáctica los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se traducen en fenotipos de presentación. Se enfatiza el diagnóstico clínico con base en criterios ya establecidos, se mencionan clasificaciones para evaluar la gravedad de la reacción, así como el rol de las pruebas clínicas o de laboratorio. Como aspectos de relevancia, se abordan el tratamiento de primera elección con adrenalina, instrucciones sobre autoinyectores y diferentes elementos para el tratamiento complementario y de segunda elección. También se refieren aspectos a considerar al dar de alta a un paciente y medidas de seguimiento, con un énfasis preventivo en la comunidad. Finalmente, se menciona el abordaje en el consultorio de alergia para decidir sobre opciones de inmunomodulación. ABSTRACT Anaphylaxis is a condition that requires immediate assistance for its resolution, it can occur in different settings: office, hospital, school, home or some other public space. The information contained herein forms part of known guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiological aspects, triggers, risk factors and co-factors are addressed; physiopathological mechanisms that are translated into presentation phenotypes are explained in a didactic way. Clinical diagnosis is emphasized based on established criteria, classifications are mentioned to evaluate the severity of the reaction, as well as the role of clinical or laboratory tests. As relevant aspects, the first choice treatment with adrenaline, instructions on auto-injectors and different elements for the complementary and second choice treatment are dealt with. They also refer to aspects to consider when discharging a patient and followup measures, with a preventive emphasis on the community. Finally, the allergy clinic approach to deciding on immunomodulation options is mentione

Síntesis ONE-POT de derivados del sistema 2(-imidazo[1,2-a]pirimidin-3-IL)-2- oxoacetato de etilo

Tesis (Químico Farmacéutico Industrial), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, 2016, 1 archivo PDF, (44 páginas).tesis.ipn.m