The Work of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch: Evidence from Colombia

We process the main written output of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch on Colombia covering the period 1988-2004, recording all numerical conflict information and accounts of specific conflict events. We check for internal consistency and against a unique Colombian conflict database. We find that both organizations have substantive problems in their handling of quantitative information. Problems include failre to specify sources, unclear definitions, an erratic reporting template and a distorted portrayal of conflict dynamics. Accounts of individual events are fairly representative and much more useful and accurate than the statistical information. We disprove a common accusation that Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch rarely criticize the guerrillas, but do find some evidence of anti-government bias. The quantitative human rights and conflict information produced by these organizations for other countries must be viewed with scepticism along with cross-country and time series human rights data based on Amnesty International reports.

On the heterochromatic number of hypergraphs associated to geometric graphs and to matroids

The heterochromatic number hc(H) of a non-empty hypergraph H is the smallest integer k such that for every colouring of the vertices of H with exactly k colours, there is a hyperedge of H all of whose vertices have different colours. We denote by nu(H) the number of vertices of H and by tau(H) the size of the smallest set containing at least two vertices of each hyperedge of H. For a complete geometric graph G with n > 2 vertices let H = H(G) be the hypergraph whose vertices are the edges of G and whose hyperedges are the edge sets of plane spanning trees of G. We prove that if G has at most one interior vertex, then hc(H) = nu(H) - tau(H) + 2. We also show that hc(H) = nu(H) - tau(H) + 2 whenever H is a hypergraph with vertex set and hyperedge set given by the ground set and the bases of a matroid, respectively

Descripción y resultados de un programa de animación a la lectura

[Resumen] Se describe la intervención en animación a la lectura llevada a cabo en 298 alumnas de 8° de E.G.B. para conseguir una actividad lectora continuada. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos a lo largo del programa experimental relacionados con la actividad lectora conseguida, las estrategias de lectura utilizadas, la permanencia del efecto del programa en las alumnas, así como la posible influencia de dicha actividad lectora en la composición escrita de los mismos sujetos, para lo cual es utilizado un grupo de control

Evaluación y tratamiento psicológico de un caso de cáncer de colon con fobia a la quimioterapia y trastorno adaptativo

Se expone el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de cáncer de colon, que ha desarrollado una fobia a los tratamientos de quimioterapia, generalizada al hospital de día, personal sanitario, otros pacientes y resto del hospital. Asimismo, presenta un trastorno adaptativo mixto, con ansiedad y estado de ánimo depresivo. La paciente presenta importantes sesgos perceptivos y concepciones erróneas acerca del tratamiento en quimioterapia. Además, muestra un déficit en autoestima, atribuciones de culpabilidad, y sentimientos de indefensión e incontrolabilidad de su enfermedad. El miedo a la quimioterapia y el hospital obstaculizan la continuidad del tratamiento. Adicionalmente, Se detecta la existencia de malos tratos psicológicos por parte de su pareja que agravan la situación de la paciente. Los objetivos del tratamiento psicológico se dirigieron prioritariamente a eliminar el trastorno fóbico, corregir concepciones erróneas y auto-instrucciones desadaptativas acerca de la enfermedad y sus tratamientos. Se aplicaron técnicas de desensibilización sistemática y reestructuración cognitiva en 14 sesiones (21 días). Posteriormente, se llevo a cabo un tratamiento asertivo y de mejora de autoestima para hacer frente a los problemas de pareja. Los resultados han sido altamente satisfactorios: la fobia desapareció, y la paciente pudo terminar su tratamiento de quimioterapia satisfactoriamente, su nivel de ansiedad disminuyó significativamente y su estado de ánimo mejoró –evaluado mediante el HAD y EVAs-. Asimismo, mejoró la comunicación con el personal médico y el afrontamiento de su enfermedad, así como el problema de relación de pareja.It is exposed the case of a woman diagnosed with colon cancer, who has developed a phobia to quemotherapy treatment, generalized to day hospital, sanitary staff, other patients and the rest of the hospital. Also, she presented adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood. The patient showed important perceptive bias and mistaken conceptions s about the quimiotherapy and cancer. Also, she presented a low selfesteem, guilty attribution, helplessness and incontrolability feelings about her illness. The fear of quimiotherapy and hospital prevented to continue the medical treatment. un déficit en autoestima, atribuciones de culpabilidad, y sentimientos de indefensión e incontrolabilidad de su enfermedad. Moreover, it was detected the existence of psychological abuse on her partner’s side, aggravating the patient’s situation even more. The first aim of psychological treatment was focused to phobia elimination, to correct mistaken conception and desadaptative self-instructions about the cancer and treatment. It was applied 14 sessions (21 days) of relaxation, systematic desensizitation and cognitive restructuration of one hour each. After, it was realized an assertive and self-esteem training to cope problems with her partner. The results had been highly successful: the phobias had disappeared and she was able to finish her quimiotherapy treatment with satisfaction. The anxiety level had decreased significatively and her mood was considerably better (measured by HAD and EVA). and she faced her illness in a more adaptative way. The communication with medical staff and coping to cancer were improved. Finally, the relationship with her partner has notably improved

Tecnologías para el manejo de metadatos en artículos científicos

(Eng) The use of Semantic Web technologies has been increasing, so it is common using them in different ways. This article evaluates how these technologies can contribute to improve the indexing in articles in scientific journals. Initially, there is a conceptual review about metadata. Later, studying the most important technologies for the use of metadata in Web and, this way, choosing one of them to apply it in the case of study of scientific articles indexing, in order to determine the metadata based in those used in impact research journals, and building a model for indexing scientific articles using Semantic Web technologies.(Spa) El uso de tecnologías de la Web Semántica ha venido acrecentándose, por lo que es común usarlo en diferentes aspectos. Este trabajo evalúa como estas tecnologías pueden contribuir a mejorar la indexación de artículos en revistas científicas. Inicialmente, se hace una revisión conceptual de los metadatos, para posteriormente estudiar las tecnologías más importantes para el uso de metadatos en la Web y, de esta manera, escoger una para aplicarla en el caso de estudio de indexación de artículos científicos, determinando los metadatos con bases en los usados por las revistas de investigación de impacto y construir un modelo para la indexación de artículos científicos usando una tecnología de Web Semántica

Raman spectroscopy in Group IV nanowires and nanowire axial heterostructures

The control of the SiGe NW composition is fundamental for the fabrication of high quality heterostructures. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyse the composition of SiGe alloys. We present a study of the Raman spectrum of SiGe nanowires and SiGe/Si heterostructures. The inhomogeneity of the Ge composition deduced from the Raman spectrum is explained by the existence of a Ge-rich outer shell and by the interaction of the NW with the electromagnetic field associated with the laser beam

Docker security in web simulation tools: a layered approach

International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communication (EUIWNMC), 26/08/2021-27/08/2021, Marrakesh, Marruecos.In this work, container security issues and strengths are studied using Docker as the main implementation. First, the container infrastructure is described and compared against the traditional approach of virtual machines. Secondly, the Docker containers security is discussed by the different infrastructure layers that compose them and different solutions are proposed to try to decrease the attack surface over this kind of applications.Universidad de Alcal

Cálculos CFD previos a la extracción y transporte de un canal refrigerante con un elemento combustible en su interior

En la Central Nuclear Atucha 1 (CNA1), en el año 2016, se extrajo exitosamente el canal refrigerante (CR) O31 con un elemento combustible (EC) en su interior. Previamente a esta maniobra fue necesario realizar cálculos termohidráulicos que permitieran asegurar la integridad del EC, evaluando la posibilidad de extraer el calor de decaimiento durante la extracción y traslado. En este documento se presentan los cálculos de pérdida de carga del conjunto EC-CR y el dispositivo de traslado, realizados mediante simulaciones CFD y modelos analíticos. Estos cálculos se utilizaron para evaluar la transferencia de calor en convección natural y convección forzada.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV no.32Facultad de Ingenierí

Evaluación y tratamiento psicológico de un caso de cáncer de colon con fobia a la quimioterapia y trastorno adaptativo

Se expone el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de cáncer de colon, que ha desarrollado una fobia a los tratamientos de quimioterapia, generalizada al hospital de día, personal sanitario, otros pacientes y resto del hospital. Asimismo, presenta un trastorno adaptativo mixto, con ansiedad y estado de ánimo depresivo. La paciente presenta importantes sesgos perceptivos y concepciones erróneas acerca del tratamiento en quimioterapia. Además, muestra un déficit en autoestima, atribuciones de culpabilidad, y sentimientos de indefensión e incontrolabilidad de su enfermedad. El miedo a la quimioterapia y el hospital obstaculizan la continuidad del tratamiento. Adicionalmente, Se detecta la existencia de malos tratos psicológicos por parte de su pareja que agravan la situación de la paciente. Los objetivos del tratamiento psicológico se dirigieron prioritariamente a eliminar el trastorno fóbico, corregir concepciones erróneas y auto-instrucciones desadaptativas acerca de la enfermedad y sus tratamientos. Se aplicaron técnicas de desensibilización sistemática y reestructuración cognitiva en 14 sesiones (21 días). Posteriormente, se llevo a cabo un tratamiento asertivo y de mejora de autoestima para hacer frente a los problemas de pareja. Los resultados han sido altamente satisfactorios: la fobia desapareció, y la paciente pudo terminar su tratamiento de quimioterapia satisfactoriamente, su nivel de ansiedad disminuyó significativamente y su estado de ánimo mejoró –evaluado mediante el HAD y EVAs-. Asimismo, mejoró la comunicación con el personal médico y el afrontamiento de su enfermedad, así como el problema de relación de pareja

Evaluating tree-to-tree competition during stand development in a relict Scots pine forest: how much does climate matter?

Key message: Competitive interactions change over time and their influence on tree growth is intensified during drought events in marginal Scots pine populations. Abstract: Competition is a key factor driving forest dynamics and stand structure during the course of stand development. Although the role neighbourhood competition on stand dynamics has received increasing attention, the response of competition to environmental fluctuations and stand development remains poorly explored. We evaluated changes in competition during stand development in a dry-edge Scots pine relict population located in Central Spain. Typically, tree-to-tree interactions have been investigated through static competition measurements, which usually lack the temporal variation associated to natural forest development and environmental conditions. Here, we assessed how individual and neighbourhood components of competition evolved along a 35-year period, and we related competition dynamics to population structure and drought levels. On six plots, 508 trees were mapped and diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured. Two increment cores were taken from target trees to derive basal area increment (BAI), and neighbourhood was reconstructed back to 1980. Results provide insights into inter-annual variability in competition effects and their role on tree radial growth depending on climatic conditions. From the year 2005 onwards, both individual and neighbourhood components of competition showed a decoupled pattern over time. This effect was particularly pronounced during the extreme drought in 2012, in which the individual component decreased, whereas the neighbourhood component increased. In addition, climatic variability modulated the competition effects during stand development. This approach of evaluating competition dynamics proves to be promising for studying forest stand development and the influence of climate impacts on tree populations subjected to xeric conditions