Serum, Saliva, and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Osteocalcin: Their Relation to Periodontal Status and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Periodontitis and osteoporosis are characterized by the loss of bone mass. Osteocalcin levels have been postulated as a marker of inhibition of bone formation. The aim of the present study was to assess plasma, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of osteocalcin and correlate them with periodontitis and osteoporosis. Methods: Seventy-three postmenopausal women, over 35 years old, were recruited for the study. Serum, saliva, and GCF osteocalcin were measured. Vertebral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Thirty-four (46.6%) were classified in the normal healthy bone group, 11 women (15.1%) in the osteopenic group, and 28 women (38.4%) in the osteoporotic group. No statistically significant differences between these densitometric groups were observed in probing depth (P = 0.24); clinical attachment level (P = 0.11); or mean osteocalcin concentrations in serum, saliva, and GCF. Twenty-seven (37.0%) of the women were classified without periodontitis (NPG) and 63.0% (N = 46) with periodontal disease (PG). There were no statistical differences in serum and saliva osteocalcin concentrations between these two groups. GCF osteocalcin concentrations were significantly higher in the PG women than in the NPG group (P = 0.008). Mean probing depth correlated significantly with GCF osteocalcin concentrations (r = 0.35; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results further support the concept that osteocalcin levels in GCF correlates with periodontal but not with osteoporosis status

Relaciones entre las aportaciones a la zona regable del río Jucar y la conductividad de la Albufera de Valencia

Las aportaciones a la zona regable del río Júcar condicionan la conductividad de la Albufera porque recibe las aguas sobrantes de riego. Se ha observado una relación inversa entre ambas variables. La demanda de agua para otras zonas pretende satisfacerse a partir del trasvase de los sobrantes de riego basándose en una mejora de la eficiencia del regadío. Estas actuaciones deben realizarse sólo cuando se aseguren previamente las aportaciones necesarias para mantener la calidad del lago.The water inflows to the irrigation area of the Júcar river determine the conductivity of the Albufera because it receives the surplus irrigation water. It has been observed an inverse relationship between both variables. The water demands for other regions is sought by transferring the surplus irrigation water based on an improvement of the irrigation efficiency. These actions must be carried out only after having ensured a sufficient quantity of water inflow to maintain the quality of the lake

Relaciones entre las aportaciones a la zona regable del río Jucar y la conductividad de la Albufera de Valencia.

Las aportaciones a la zona regable del río Júcar condicionan la conductividad de la Albufera porque recibe las aguas sobrantes de riego. Se ha observado una relación inversa entre ambas variables. La demanda de agua para otras zonas pretende satisfacerse a partir del trasvase de los sobrantes de riego basándose en una mejora de la eficiencia del regadío. Estas actuaciones deben realizarse sólo cuando se aseguren previamente las aportaciones necesarias para mantener la calidad del lago. The water inflows to the irrigation area of the Júcar river determine the conductivity of the Albufera because it receives the surplus irrigation water. It has been observed an inverse relationship between both variables. The water demands for otherregions is sought by transferring the surplus irrigation water based on an improvement of the irrigation efficiency. These actions must be carried out only after having ensured a sufficient quantity of water inflow to maintain the quality of the lak

A Critical Update of the Classification of Chiari and Chiari-like Malformations

Malformació d'Arnold-Chiari; Classificació; Malalties raresMalformación de Arnold-Chiari; Clasificación; Enfermedades rarasArnold-Chiari malformation; Classification; Rare diseasesChiari malformations are a group of craniovertebral junction anomalies characterized by the herniation of cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum, often accompanied by brainstem descent. The existing classification systems for Chiari malformations have expanded from the original four categories to nine, leading to debates about the need for a more descriptive and etiopathogenic terminology. This review aims to examine the various classification approaches employed and proposes a simplified scheme to differentiate between different types of tonsillar herniations. Furthermore, it explores the most appropriate terminology for acquired herniation of cerebellar tonsils and other secondary Chiari-like malformations. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revealed a higher prevalence and incidence of Chiari malformation Type 1 (CM1) and identified similar cerebellar herniations in individuals unrelated to the classic phenotypes described by Chiari. As we reassess the existing classifications, it becomes crucial to establish a terminology that accurately reflects the diverse presentations and underlying causes of these conditions. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion by offering insights into the evolving understanding of Chiari malformations and proposing a simplified classification and terminology system to enhance diagnosis and management.This research was partially supported by grant FIS PI22/01082, which was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), awarded to M.A. Poca and by grant 2021SGR/00810 from the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain. ASM is the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from grant 2021SGR/00810 from the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR). The following nongovernmental associations have generously donated funding to support this research: 1. Asociación Nacional de Amigos de Arnold-Chiari (ANAC, http://www.arnoldchiari.es (accessed on 7 June 2023)); 2. Asociación Chiari y Siringomielia del Principado de Asturias (CHySPA, https://chyspa.org (accessed on 7 June 2023)); 3. Federación Española de Malformación de Chiari y Patologías Asociadas (FEMACPA); and 4. Mariana Dañobeitia (https://references.neurotrauma.com/chiari (accessed on 7 June 2023))

Efficient register renaming and recovery for high-performance processors

© © 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”Modern superscalar processors implement register renaming using either random access memory (RAM) or content-addressable memories (CAM) tables. The design of these structures should address both access time and misprediction recovery penalty. Although direct-mapped RAMs provide faster access times, CAMs are more appropriate to avoid recovery penalties. The presence of associative ports in CAMs, however, prevents them from scaling with the number of physical registers and pipeline width, negatively impacting performance, area, and energy consumption at the rename stage. In this paper, we present a new hybrid RAM CAM register renaming scheme, which combines the best of both approaches. In a steady state, a RAM provides fast and energy-efficient access to register mappings. On misspeculation, a low-complexity CAM enables immediate recovery. Experimental results show that in a four-way state-ofthe- art superscalar processor, the new approach provides almost the same performance as an ideal CAM-based renaming scheme, while dissipating only between 17% and 26% of the original energy and, in some cases, consuming less energy than purely RAM-based renaming schemes. Overall, the silicon area required to implement the hybrid RAM CAM scheme does not exceed the area required by conventional renaming mechanisms.This work was supported in part by the Spanish MINECO under Grant TIN2012-38341-C04-01.Petit Martí, SV.; Ubal Tena, R.; Sahuquillo Borrás, J.; López Rodríguez, PJ. (2014). Efficient register renaming and recovery for high-performance processors. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems. 22(7):1506-1514. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2013.2270001S1506151422

Impacto del nuevo software de simulación en las prácticas de estructuras de computadores

Hasta hace pocos años las asignaturas de estructuras de computadores no contemplaban prácticas de laboratorio. De hecho, en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) los planes del 94 fueron los primeros que las incorporaron. La mayoría de las universidades elaboraron estas prácticas en unas condiciones precarias en cuanto a infraestructura (ordenadores, entornos de simulación, entrenadores lógicos, puestos de trabajo, etc.). A medida que los equipos han ganado en potencia y velocidad, la mayoría de estos puestos de trabajo han quedado desfasados y obsoletos para utilizar los entornos de simulación casi profesionales que existen hoy en día. Por otra parte, los nuevos planes de estudio que se están poniendo en marcha en la mayoría de las universidades españolas ofrecen un excelente escenario para la preparación de nuevas prácticas y/o adaptación de las ya existentes a estas nuevas herramientas. En el presente trabajo se presenta la evolución de una práctica que ha mantenido los conceptos teóricos pero que se ha adaptado a los nuevos avances tecnológicos, que en principio, no diferirán mucho, de los que utilizarán los futuros ingenieros

To Shunt or Not to Shunt Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus? A Reappraisal of an Old Question

The possibility that the cerebral ventricles can dilate without any increase in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was recognized in 1935 by Penfield who reported a patient in whom "…the cerebrospinal fluid spaces are closed and the ventricles progressively enlarge without the measured intraventricular pressure rising above 150 to 200 mm of water"

Perceived Utility of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference Consensus-Based Analysis and Recommendations

Intracranial pressure; Brain injury; ConsensusPresión intracraneal; Lesión cerebral; ConsensoPressió intracranial; Lesió cerebral; ConsensBACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is widely practiced, but the indications are incompletely developed, and guidelines are poorly followed. OBJECTIVE: To study the monitoring practices of an established expert panel (the clinical working group from the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference effort) to examine the match between monitoring guidelines and their clinical decision-making and offer guidance for clinicians considering monitor insertion. METHODS: We polled the 42 Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference panel members' ICP monitoring decisions for virtual patients, using matrices of presenting signs (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] total or GCS motor, pupillary examination, and computed tomography diagnosis). Monitor insertion decisions were yes, no, or unsure (traffic light approach). We analyzed their responses for weighting of the presenting signs in decision-making using univariate regression. RESULTS: Heatmaps constructed from the choices of 41 panel members revealed wider ICP monitor use than predicted by guidelines. Clinical examination (GCS) was by far the most important characteristic and differed from guidelines in being nonlinear. The modified Marshall computed tomography classification was second and pupils third. We constructed a heatmap and listed the main clinical determinants representing 80% ICP monitor insertion consensus for our recommendations. CONCLUSION: Candidacy for ICP monitoring exceeds published indicators for monitor insertion, suggesting the clinical perception that the value of ICP data is greater than simply detecting and monitoring severe intracranial hypertension. Monitor insertion heatmaps are offered as potential guidance for ICP monitor insertion and to stimulate research into what actually drives monitor insertion in unconstrained, real-world conditions