La felicidad de los jóvenes

El bienestar subjetivo de los jóvenes es diferente del de otros colectivos debido a las distintas circunstancias que se dan a lo largo del ciclo vital. Este trabajo contribuye a dar a conocer cuáles son las dimensiones específicas y objetivas del grado subjetivo de satisfacción de los jóvenes españoles. Su finalidad es analizar los factores que inciden en ello. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los jóvenes casados son más felices que los solteros o los que viven en pareja. El joven que estudia es más feliz que el que trabaja y, dentro del grupo de jóvenes trabajadores, son más infelices los que tienen contratos temporales. La felicidad aumenta con la renta. A diferencia de lo obtenido para el conjunto de la sociedad española, la religión no parece influir en el grado de satisfacción por la vida de los jóvenes. Expectativas positivas aumentan la felicidad de los jóvenes, aunque en menor medida de lo que éstas afectan al conjunto de los españoles. Los jóvenes que viven independientes son más felices que los que viven con sus padres.The subjective well-being of young people is different from other groups due to various circumstances that occur throughout the life cycle. This work contributes to the knowledge of specific and objective dimensions of subjective satisfaction of Spanish youth. Its aim is to analyze the factors affecting such satisfaction. The results indicate that young married people are happier than single people or those living with a partner. Young students are happier than those that work, and within the group of young workers, those who have temporary contracts are the least happy. Happiness increases with income. Unlike the findings obtained for the whole of Spanish society, religion does not seem to influence the degree of life satisfaction among young people. Positive expectations increase the happiness of youth to a lesser extent than they affect the whole of the Spanish population. Young people who live on their own are happier than those who live with their parents

Performance critical comparison of offline SPE, online SPE, and direct injection for the determination of CECs in complex liquid environmental matrices

Producción CientíficaSample preparation for the analysis of organic micropollutants in wastewater samples is commonly carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures, which involve different manual laboratory operations. This conventional approach requires several hours of counter labour and entail the use of a lot of disposable material, and the subsequent contaminated non-recyclable plastic-residue production. In contrast, by coupling and automatizing the pre-treatment to the instrumental analysis most of that burden erases, sample size gets miniaturized and, thus, storage becomes freed-up. Even lab counters get cleared off from sample pre-treatment apparatus. However, method performance could get alter as a trade-off. This paper presents the results from a study in which methodology, including SPE online-coupled to UHPLC-MS/MS chromatography, was developed for multi-residue (58) determination of veterinary and pharmaceutical drugs in urban and piggery wastewater (influent and effluent to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)). Similarly, the direct injection (DI) of large volumes (hundreds of µL) of same matrix samples into the chromatographic system was optimized too. The performance of both automated methods was statistically compared with the classical off-line SPE. As dealing with trace analysis, suitable injection volumes for the alternative approaches were selected on the premise of low limits of quantification (MLQs). Under the selected conditions, validation parameters such as linearity range, method quantification limits, peak shape and carry over were determined. Usually more than 50 % of the analytes showed MLQs below 50 ng/L, for all matrices and methodologies, especially for DI. Real wastewater samples from a local urban WWTP and farm were analysed with all three tested methodologies. Determined concentrations and removal rates were statistically compared and turned out being quite similar. However, analysis under offline SPE and DI approaches provided a larger amount of information as they reached lower MLQs. Offline-SPE provided the worst precision among all.Junta de Castilla y León, y el programa EU-FEDER (CLU 2017-09),(CL-EI-2021-07),(UIC 071),(UIC 338),(INFRARED2018-UVA3).Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (proyectos CTQ2017-84006-C3-1-R y PID2020-113544RB-I00

Aspectos psicosociales del alcoholismo infantil

En el Servicio de Psiquiatría e Higiene Mental, del Hospital de Niños de Buenos Aires, encontramos muchas veces que en Ia etiología de diversos trastornos figuraba como factor importante la ingestión de alcohol. En algunos casos el alcoholismo apareció como causa fundamental de los trastornos por los que el niño era traído a la consulta. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)Departamento de Psicologí

Youth happiness

RESUMEN: El bienestar subjetivo de los jóvenes es diferente del de otros colectivos debido a las distintas circunstancias que se dan a lo largo del ciclo vital. Este trabajo contribuye a dar a conocer cuáles son las dimensiones específicas y objetivas del grado subjetivo de satisfacción de los jóvenes españoles. Su finalidad es analizar los factores que inciden en ello. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los jóvenes casados son más felices que los solteros o los que viven en pareja. El joven que estudia es más feliz que el que trabaja y, dentro del grupo de jóvenes trabajadores, son más infelices los que tienen contratos temporales. La felicidad aumenta con la renta. A diferencia de lo obtenido para el conjunto de la sociedad española, la religión no parece influir en el grado de satisfacción por la vida de los jóvenes. Expectativas positivas aumentan la felicidad de los jóvenes, aunque en menor medida de lo que éstas afectan al conjunto de los españoles. Los jóvenes que viven independientes son más felices que los que viven con sus padres.ABSTRACT: The subjective well-being of young people is different from other groups due to various circumstances that occur throughout the life cycle. This work contributes to the knowledge of specific and objective dimensions of subjective satisfaction of Spanish youth. Its aim is to analyze the factors affecting such satisfaction. The results indicate that young married people are happier than single people or those living with a partner. Young students are happier than those that work, and within the group of young workers, those who have temporary contracts are the least happy. Happiness increases with income. Unlike the findings obtained for the whole of Spanish society, religion does not seem to influence the degree of life satisfaction among young people. Positive expectations increase the happiness of youth to a lesser extent than they affect the whole of the Spanish population. Young people who live on their own are happier than those who live with their parents

Recycling Aggregates for Self-Compacting Concrete Production: A Feasible Option

[EN] The use of construction and demolition wastes (C&DW) is a trending future option for the sustainability of construction. In this context, a number of works deal with the use of recycled concrete aggregates to produce concrete for structural and non-structural purposes. Nowadays, an important number of C&DW management plants in the European Union (EU) and other countries have developed robust protocols to obtain high-quality coarse recycled aggregates that comply with different European standards in order to be used to produce new concrete. The development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is another way to boost the sustainability of construction, due to the important reduction of energy employed. Using recycled aggregates is a relatively recent scientific area, however, studies on this material in the manufacture of self-compacting concrete have proven the feasibility thereof for conventional structural elements as well as high-performance and complex structural elements, densely reinforced structures, difficult-to-access formwork and difficult-to-vibrate elements. This paper presents an original study on the use of coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRA) to obtain self-compacting concrete. Concrete with substitution ratios of 20%, 50% and 100% are compared with a control concrete. The purpose of this comparison is to check the influence of CRA on fresh SCC as well as its physical and mechanical properties. The parameters studied are material characterization, self-compactability, compressive strength, and tensile and flexural strength of the resulting concrete. The results conclude that it is feasible to use CRA for SCC production with minimal losses in the characteristics

Dificultades al aplicar la escala Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale para determinar la gravedad de las lesiones de la pared ureteral

Objective: To analyze the level of agreement of the Post-Ureteroscopy Lesion Scale (PULS) and the consequences on its application in clinical practice with more reliable statistical data than the one used in the original work. Methods: 14 URS and 14 micro-URS were performed in 14 female porcine model. All the procedures were video recorded and an anatomopathological analysis was performed in each ureter. Sixteen urologists (9 endourologists and 7 general urologists) and 4 residents evaluated the ureteral lesions according to the PULS, with degrees 0, 1 and ≥2. The agreement was calculated with percentages, Kendall’s W coefficient and the indicators Fleiss’ Kappa and Krippendorff’s Alpha, while the inter-rater agreement was calculated with Spearman’s correlation and Cohen’s Kappa. Results: The percent of agreement was 11.1%. The coefficients were likewise classified as low or very low, with the greatest agreement found among the inexperienced. Also, 50% of the raters did not agree with the rest. Conclusions: The low inter-rater agreement, the specificity of the PULS and the clinical-pathological correlation suggests that this scale is not simple, and probably has a long learning curve.Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de concordancia de la Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS), y examinar las consecuencias de su aplicación en la práctica clínica con datos estadísticos más fiables que los utilizados en el trabajo original. Métodos: Se realizaron 14 ureteroscopias (URS) y 14 micro-ureteroscopias (micro-URS) en 14 cerdos hembra. Todos los procedimientos se grabaron en vídeo y se realizó un análisis anatomopatológico en cada uréter. Dieciséis urólogos (9 endourólogos y 7 urólogos generales) y 4 médicos internos evaluaron las lesiones ureterales según la escala PULS, con grados 0, 1 y ≥2. La concordancia se calculó mediante porcentajes, el coeficiente W de Kendall, el índice Kappa de Fleiss y el Alfa de Krippendorff. La concordancia entre evaluadores se calculó con la correlación de Spearman y el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: El porcentaje de concordancia fue del 11,1%. Los coeficientes se clasificaron como bajos o muy bajos, y encontramos una mayor concordancia entre los evaluadores sin experiencia. Por otro lado, no hubo acuerdo/concordancia en/entre el 50% de los evaluadores. Conclusiones: La baja concordancia entre evaluadores, la especificidad de la PULS y la correlación clínico-patológica sugieren las dificultades del uso de esta escala y una curva de aprendizaje probablemente larga

Gene Expression in Trypanosomatid Parasites

The parasites Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi are the trypanosomatid protozoa that cause the deadly human diseases leishmaniasis, African sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease, respectively. These organisms possess unique mechanisms for gene expression such as constitutive polycistronic transcription of protein-coding genes and trans-splicing. Little is known about either the DNA sequences or the proteins that are involved in the initiation and termination of transcription in trypanosomatids. In silico analyses of the genome databases of these parasites led to the identification of a small number of proteins involved in gene expression. However, functional studies have revealed that trypanosomatids have more general transcription factors than originally estimated. Many posttranslational histone modifications, histone variants, and chromatin modifying enzymes have been identified in trypanosomatids, and recent genome-wide studies showed that epigenetic regulation might play a very important role in gene expression in this group of parasites. Here, we review and comment on the most recent findings related to transcription initiation and termination in trypanosomatid protozoa

Evaluation of Mechanical Characteristics of Cement Mortar with Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates (FRCA)

[EN] One of the growing demands in concrete manufacture is the availability of natural fine aggregates, which account for 35% to 45% of the total concrete. An alternative method of disposal of fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA) generated from demolition and construction waste (C&DW) is their usage in mortar and the development of recycled mortar. The main aim of this research work is to evaluate the viability of incorporating FRCA from urban C&DW for the manufacture of cement-based mortars. Simple processing techniques like washing and sieving are adopted to improve the FRCA quality. Physical and chemical characterization of ingredients is carried out. In total four mixes of 1:3 (cement: sand) mortar with partial replacement of normalized sand with FRCA (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) are evaluated for mechanical properties. Water to cement ratio for all four mortar mixes are determined by fixed consistency. Mechanical and physical properties like density, compressive strength, and flexural strength are studied for various curing periods, and the result is that the optimum usage of FRCA is 25% based on a 90-day curing period.SIReutiliza S.L. for offering the recycled and natural aggregate used in this study free of cost. Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science and FCT for financial support

Effect of pores on the mechanical and durability properties on high strength recycled fine aggregate mortar

[EN] Larger consumption of natural fine aggregates (NFA) leads to an increase in cost, energy, and negative environmental impact. On the contrary, the larger production of construction waste results in the generation of recycled fine aggregate (RFA), which requires safe disposal. The aim of study, is to the hunt for such alternatives, compares the mortar mechanical and durability properties with and without RFA. High strength mortar specimens were produced with mix proportion as 1:3 using RFA as partial replacement for NFA as 0%, 25%, 50% and 100%. The mechanical and durability performance of all specimens was assessed in the terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Mechanical performance is confirmed by microscopic studies. The main results display that the mortar with 25% of RFA, performed better, which are related to pore structures and their distribution. It is noted that the, pores also increase with the increase in RFA content. The effect of pores on the strength and their relationships are assessed.SIAuthor wish to thank for the supports and guidance given by faculties from University of Leon, Leon, Spain and Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Indi