Development and validation of an RP-HPLC/UV Method for Determination of Cholecalciferol in Polymeric Nanoparticles Suspensions / Desenvolvimento e validação de um método RP-HPLC/UV para determinação do Cholecalciferol em nanopartículas poliméricas Suspensões

A simple and effective RP-HPLC/UV method was developed to determine cholecalciferol (COL) in suspensions of polymeric nanoparticles. Chromatographic conditions used in the methodology were a C18 RP column using an isocratic mobile phase of methanol and water (98:2 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, UV detection at 265 nm. The validation parameters evaluated were: specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, precision, precision and robustness. The retention time was about 7.5 min. The method was linear, specific (r=0.9992) interval 10.0 to 80.0 ?g/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.52 ?g/mL and the limit of detection was 0.15 ?g/mL. Intermediate precision was evaluated, expressed as inter-day variation (RSD = 1.13) and intra-day (RSD = 1.16). The accuracy obtained was the recovery of 102.87 ± 9.84, considering the exact method proposed. To evaluate the robustness, the results showed little variation, concluding that a robust method. The method was fast, robust and suitable for quantification of suspensions of COL nanoparticles and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of COL encapsulation

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles produced with aqueous extract of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel - Fabaceae seeds associated with gentamicin sulfate and hyaluronic acid with potential antimicrobial activity / Biossíntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de prata produzidas com extrato aquoso de sementes de Pterodon emarginatus Vogel - Fabaceae associadas ao sulfato de gentamicina e ao Ácido Hialurônico com potencial atividade antimicrobiana

The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by biological systems is known as green synthesis or biosynthesis. In this synthesis strategy, instead of using toxic agents to reduce the metal ion, obtaining the metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is mediated by biological components capable of reducing the metal. In this context, the present work uses aqueous extract from the seeds of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PE). These metallic nanoparticles associated with the aqueous extract of P. emarginatus have, among others, antimicrobial property that was enhanced by the association of 1% gentamicin sulfate (AgNPs-PEG) and hyaluronic acid (AgNPs-PEG-AH2). Therefore, the evaluation of antimicrobial activity was addressed after obtaining the AgNPs-PE and their associations. The characterization of AgNPs-PE was performed by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, determination of the average hydrodynamic diameter (AHD), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Although the green synthesis still does not have its mechanisms clearly elucidated, it is known that the bioreduction of Ag+ and the stabilization of Ag0 are carried out by a combination of primary and secondary metabolites present in the extract, such as tannins and flavonoids. After formed, AgNPs-PE, AgNPs-PEG and AgNPs-PEG-AH2 showed, respectively, maximum absorbance around 423 nm, 425 nm and 430 nm. Microscopy (FEG-SEM) showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles, with an average size ranging from 59 nm for AgNPs-PE, 63 nm for AgNPs-PEG and 66 nm for AgNPs-PEG-AH2. The ZP of all AgNPs-PE and their associations remained within the values considered stable for nanoparticles (-27.15 to -39.73 mV). The PDI of the analyzed samples was on average 0.332 to 0.524, median values for the distribution of NPs. AgNPs-PE, AgNPs-PEG and AgNPs-PEG-AH2 showed bactericidal activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and yeast bacteria. The present research indicates that AgNPs-PE and their associations have potential as a therapeutic agent against bacterial and fungal infections

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (Egfr) In Elderly: A Comparison Between The Ckd-Epicreatinine And Biscreatinine Equations / Taxa da filtração glomerular estimada (tfge) em idosos: Comparação entre as equações ckd-epi-creatinina e bis-creatinina

Background: Aging is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is the most used method to assess renal function, influencing individualized therapeutic adjustment of medications eliminated by the kidneys. Objective: To compare the results obtained using two creatinine-based equations applied in older people: CKD-EPICreatinine and BISCreatinine; as well as evaluate the impact of these equations in the classification of the elderly in different stages of CKD. Materials and methods: An observational study was carried out in a long-term care facility, including subjects aged 70 years or older. Renal function was assessed by two equations: CKD-EPICreatinine and BISCreatinine. Statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon, Spearman, and Bland-Altman tests. Staging of the level of renal function was performed according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Results: 73 patients with a mean age of 79.2 ± 6.1 years were evaluated. There was a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the eGFR obtained by the BISCreatinine equation in relation to CKD-EPICreatinine. Both equations showed strong correlation (r=0.96, p<0.001). The concordance analysis it was observed a bias of -13.6% (-33.5 to 6.3). From the mild-moderate reduction in renal function (3a stage), there was an increase in the number of elderly people classified in more advanced stages when assessed by BISCreatinine. Conclusion: BISCreatinine has been shown to underestimate the eGFR results, not showing full agreement from a clinical point of view for stratification of renal function with CKD-EPICreatinine in eGFR greater than 59 ml/min x 1,73m2

In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential of Essential Oils of Eucalyptus benthamii and Its Related Terpenes on Tumor Cell Lines

Eucalyptus L. is traditionally used for many medicinal purposes. In particular, some Eucalyptus species have currently shown cytotoxic properties. Local Brazilian communities have used leaves of E. benthamii as a herbal remedy for various diseases, including cancer. Considering the lack of available data for supporting this cytotoxic effect, the goal of this paper was to study the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the essential oils from young and adult leaves of E. benthamii and some related terpenes (α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and γ-terpinene) on Jurkat, J774A.1 and HeLa cells lines. Regarding the cytotoxic activity based on MTT assay, the essential oils showed improved results than α-pinene and γ-terpinene, particularly for Jurkat and HeLa cell lines. Terpinen-4-ol revealed a cytotoxic effect against Jurkat cells similar to that observed for volatile oils. The results of LDH activity indicated that cytotoxic activity of samples against Jurkat cells probably involved cell death by apoptosis. The decrease of cell DNA content was demonstrated due to inhibition of Jurkat cells proliferation by samples as a result of cytotoxicity. In general, the essential oils from young and adult leaves of E. benthamii presented cytotoxicity against the investigated tumor cell lines which confirms their antitumor potential

Evaluation of the Biotechnological Potential of Monteverdia salicifolia (Mart ex. Reissek) Biral

Plant extracts are a good alternative of reducing agents in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this paper, we report the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity against T3 cell lines of the ethanolic extract of Monteverdia salicifolia (Mart ex. Reissek) Biral roots (MS) as well as a green one-pot route of synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using that extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract exhibited dose dependent activity. The smallest particle size (48.01 nm) was achieved in just 25 minutes by employing a temperature of 65 °C and AgNO3 and MS concentrations equal to 0.9 mmol.L−1 and 0.67 mg.mL−1, respectively. The AgNPs-MS nanocomposite was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, FEG microscope and zeta potential, which proved that MS was effective at reducing and capping the AgNPs. In order to emphasize the advantage of the methodology applied in this synthesis, it was compared to a usual procedure using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and the greenness analysis was also carried out, using the Green Star. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i2.154

Essential oil from eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage reduces nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine peritoneal macrophages

Few studies are concerned about the essential oil extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage that shows high content of α-pinene. The goal of this paper was to investigate the in vitro effect of the essential oil of E. benthamii and α-pinene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages were harvested by washing with phosphate buffered saline and cultured with 10 μg/mL LPS. Three concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) of the essential oil of E. benthamii and α-pinene were investigated. Nitrite levels were measured based on the Griess reaction, an indirect assay for NO production. The essential oil of E. benthamii significantly suppressed NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages at 10 and 20 μg/mL. In contrast, α-pinene did not inhibit NO production.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Study action repellents of oil essential the Ocimum selloi Benth Anopheles braziliensis Chagas

Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 481.pdf: 1732518 bytes, checksum: 5331df652b55c7dbbb5a4fa1087fe16f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ocimum selloi Benth. (Lamieceae), também conhecida como "alfavaca", é uma planta herbácea que ocorre no Brasil. O óleo essencial obtido das suas folhas tem sido usado como aditivo aromatizante em alimentos, produtos odontológicos e como ingrediente de fragrâncias. Na medicina popular brasileira, o O. selloi tem sido amplamente empregado como remédio antiinflamatório e antiespasmódico e, também, para tratar diarréia. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade repelente de mosquitos e o potencial de irritação dérmica do óleo de O. selloi em voluntários. Além disso, foram obtidos também dados sobre o perfil toxicológico (toxicidade aguda oral data e mutagenicidade no teste de Ames), e sobre as propriedades físico-químicas e constituintes químicas e constituintes químicos do óleo essencial do O. selloi coletado em Ponta Grossa, estado do Paraná. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação de folhas de O. selloi. Os constituintes químicos foram determinados por Cromatoia em Camada Delgada (CCD) e GC-MS/MSD. Os principais constituintes do óleo volátil analisado por GC-MS/MSD foram o estragol (55,38 por cento) e o trans-anetol (34,23 por cento). O óleo de O. selloi foi agudamente tóxico e letal para camundongos (fêmeas mais suscetíveis que machos) em doses iguais ou superiores a 1500 mg/kg de peso corporal. Não foi observada atividade mutagênica em ensaios in vitro com as linhagens de Salmonella thyphimurium TA97a, TA98 e TA100, sem e com adição de mistura S9. Não foi constatada irritação dérmica no antebraço de 30 voluntários expostos ao O. selloi por 4 horas. No estudo de campo em que seis voluntários (cada indivíduo é seu próprio controle) foram expostos Anopheles brasiliensis por 30 minutos o O. selloi (solução 10 por cento p/v em etanol) reduziu drasticamente a freqüência de picadas em relação ao etanol (redução de 88 por cento, P=0,01) demonstrando que é um repelente eficaz.Ocimum selloi Benth. (Lamiaceae), also known as “alfavaca”, is an herbal plant native to Brazil. The essential oil obtained from its leaves has been used as a flavoring additive in foods, dental and oral products, and as an ingredient of fragrances. In the Brazilian traditional medicine O. selloi has been widely employed as an anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic remedy and, also, to treat diarrhea. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the mosquito repellent activity and skin irritant potential ofO. selloi oil in humans. Furthermore, data were also provided on the toxicological profile (acute oral toxicity to mice and mutagenicity in the Ames’ test), and on the physicochemical properties as well as on the chemical constituents of the essential oil ofO. selloi grown in Ponta Grossa, Paraná state. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of O.selloi leaves. Chemical constituents were determined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and GC-MS/MSD. The main chemical constituents of the volatile oil analyzed by GC-MS/MSD were estragole (55,38%) and trans-anethole (34,23%). The O. selloi oil proved to be acutely toxic and lethal to mice (females more susceptible than males) at doses equal to or higher than 1500 mg/kg body wt. No mutagenicity was found in in vitro assays with Salmonella thyphimurium tester strains TA97a, TA98 and TA100, without and with addition of S9 mixture. No skin irritancy was noted in the forearms of 30 volunteers exposed to O. selloi oil for 4 hours. In a field study in which six volunteers (each individual is his own control) were exposed to Anopheles brasiliensis for 30 minutes, O. selloi (10% w/v solution in ethanol) drastically reduced the frequency of bites as compared to ethanol alone (reduction of 88%, P=0,01) thereby proving to be an effective mosquito repellent