Transfusion-related acute lung injury

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious clinical syndrome associated with the transfusion of plasma-containing blood components. Recently, TRALI has come to be recognized as the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States and United Kingdom. This complication typically presents as shortness of breath, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever and noncardiogeneic pulmonary edema, all occurring during or within 6 h after transfusion. Although the mechanism of TRALI has not been fully elucidated, it has been associated with human leukocyte antigen antibodies (class I, class II or neutrophil alloantigens) and with biologically active mediators in stored cellular blood components. Most of the donors implicated in cases of TRALI are multiparous women. Rarely diagnosed, TRALI can be confused with other causes of acute respiratory failure. Greater knowledge regarding TRALI on the part of clinicians could be crucial in preventing and treating this severe complication of blood transfusion.Lesão pulmonar aguda associada à transfusão (transfusion-related acute lung injury, TRALI) é uma complicação clínica grave relacionada à transfusão de hemocomponentes que contêm plasma. Recentemente, TRALI foi considerada a principal causa de morte associada à transfusão nos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. É manifestada tipicamente por dispnéia, hipoxemia, hipotensão, febre e edema pulmonar não cardiogênico, que ocorre durante ou dentro de 6 h, após completada a transfusão. Embora o exato mecanismo não tenha sido totalmente elucidado, postula-se que TRALI esteja associada à infusão de anticorpos contra antígenos leucocitários (classes I ou II ou aloantígenos específicos de neutrófilos) e a mediadores biologicamente ativos presentes em componentes celulares estocados. A maioria dos doadores implicados em casos da TRALI são mulheres multíparas. TRALI, além de ser pouco diagnosticada, pode ainda ser confundida com outras situações de insuficiência respiratória aguda. Um melhor conhecimento sobre TRALI pode ser crucial na prevenção e tratamento desta severa complicação transfusional.Faculdade de Medicina de MaríliaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Processo de trabalho como processo de valorização: : Determinação categorial particular em O Capital

This work aims to explain and discuss the main categorical elements that integrate the Marxian analysis of the productive activity in O Capital, intending to analyze the character of the immanent contradiction to the work process carried out as a process of valorization. For this purpose, the completeness of Chapter 5 - The work process and the valuation process will be taken for examination, seeking to delineate how the internal connections of the creation of the valued value as a historically determined social form of production of human life. The internal tension of the production of use-values as bearers of the value / plus-value, existing as a commodity should be clarified in its own structure, bearing in mind even the implications of this for the other dimensions of social interactivity. The present categorical reflection also aims to clarify the fundamental lines of the way of producing and being of the social life of the individuals who participate in the process, subsumed in their different functions. This work explains the results of a research project - Workforce, Capital and Individuality - which is linked to the Post-Graduate Program in Education at UFMG.Neste trabalho se pretende explicitar e discutir os principais elementos categoriais que integram a análise marxiana da atividade produtiva em O Capital, intentando analisar o caráter da contradição imanente ao processo de trabalho levado a efeito como processo de valorização. Para tanto, tomar-se-á para exame a integralidade do Capítulo 5 – O processo de trabalho e o processo de valorização, buscando delinear o modo como as conexões internas da criação do valor valorizado como forma social historicamente determinada de produção da vida humana. A tensão interna da produção dos valores de uso como portadores do valor/mais-valor, existente como mercadoria deverá ser esclarecida em sua tessitura própria, tendo em vista inclusive as implicações disto para as demais dimensões da interatividade social. A presente reflexão categorial objetiva também esclarecer as linhas fundamentais do modo de produzir e ser da vida social dos indivíduos que participam do processo subsumidos nas suas diferentes funções

Corrupção: o labirinto do Minotauro

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 343.352 L864

O papel da drenagem pleural aberta no tratamento do empiema pleural

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e definir o papel da drenagem pleural aberta - pleurostornia - no tratamento do empiema pleural. O empiema pleural apresenta 3 fases evolutivas cujo reconhecimento tem fundamental importância para a escolha da terapêutica cirúrgica a ser empregada, distinta em cada fase. Este trabalho inicialmente, procura discutir a patogenia, estudar a fisiologia e caracterizar o reconhecimento destas fases bem como do fenômeno da fixação do mediastino. Os critérios que têm sido usados para o diagnóstico deste último fenômeno são igualmente estudados e discutidos. A seguir são estabelecidos os princípios fundamentais do tratamento do empiema pleural. É revisada a experiência do autor com 191 casos de pacientes tratados com drenagem pleural aberta, construída segundo uma modificação da técnica de Eloesser. São apresentados a técnica cirúrgica, o manejo pós-operatório e os resultados. Estes são discutidos procurando-se estabelecer as indicações e a vantagem do método de drenagem aberta usado nesta série

Fungos associados com sementes de Paspalum guenoarum : seus impactos na fisiologia e controle

Of the natural pastures grown in southern Brazil, those of the genus Paspalum are the most important. One of the factors that hinder their cultivation is the availability of quality seeds, that are often compromised by the presence of fungi. This study determined the in vitro sensitivity of Paspalum guenoarum ecotype azulão seed-associated fungus to certain fungicides and to measure the efficiency of chemical treatments for fungal control and seed physiological performance. Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata and Fusarium incarnatum associated with seeds were tested in vitro against Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram and Tiofanato-metílico at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 30 μg/mL. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (factorial 4 × 4 × 6). Qualitative variables were compared using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05) and quantitative variables were subjected to regression analysis. Carbendazim; Tiram and Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M had the best fungicidal performances, each inhibiting three of the four fungi with LD50s below 1 μg/mL. Subsequently, these two fungicides were used alone or in combination in the in vivo test. A completely randomized design was used and the means were compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The chemical treatment of the seeds resulted in improvement of five of the six evaluated physiological parameters. The identification of the primary fungi associated with Paspalum seeds reported in this research, as well as damage done to them, can be diminished using appropriate measures such as seed treatments.Das pastagens naturais cultivadas no sul do Brasil, as do gênero Paspalum são as mais importantes. Um dos fatores que dificultam o cultivo é a disponibilidade de sementes de qualidade, muitas vezes comprometidas pela presença de fungos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a sensibilidade in vitro de fungos associados a sementes de Paspalum guenoarum ecótipo azulão a determinados fungicidas, medir a eficiência de tratamentos químicos para controle desses fungos e o desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Os fungos associados às sementes, Bipolaris micropus, Epicoccum sorghinum, Curvularia geniculata e Fusarium incarnatum foram testados in vitro contra Carbendazim; Tiram, Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M, Carboxina; Tiram e Tiofanato-metílico em 0, 1, 2,5, 5, 10 e 30 μg/mL. Este experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (fatorial 4 × 4 × 6). As variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05) e as variáveis quantitativas foram submetidas à análise de regressão. Carbendazim; Tiram e Fludioxonil; Metalaxil-M tiveram os melhores desempenhos fungicidas, cada um inibindo três dos quatro fungos com LD50 abaixo de 1 μg/mL. Posteriormente, esses dois fungicidas foram utilizados isoladamente ou em combinação no teste in vivo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). O tratamento químico das sementes resultou na melhoria de cinco dos seis parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados. A identificação dos fungos primários associados às sementes de Paspalum relatadas neste trabalho, bem como os danos causados por eles, podem ser diminuídos usando medidas apropriadas, como tratamento de sementes

Nature and evolution of Pd catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers during the catalytic reduction of bromate in water

[EN] Catalytic hydrogenation of bromate using Pd catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers is a smart solution to treat bromate polluted water. These catalysts have been analyzed by different techniques for an in-deep characterization of the active sites. The in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the CO chemisorption studies showed that Pd-0 nanoparticles with different crystal sizes were generated on the support during hydrogen activation at 200 degrees C and that the PdHx-phase was formed during the cooling to room temperature. As PdHx species formed on Pd-0 nanoparticles are responsible for bromate reduction, the most active catalysts are those having Pd-0 nanoparticles with large crystal sizes, where PdHx species are easily formed. The catalysts are fully stable in succesive reaction runs. It has been also shown that bromate reduction rate depends on the bromate concentration and on the hydrogen partial pressure, with a pseudo-first reaction order towards both reactants.Authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through RTI2018-101784-B-I00 (MINECO/FEDER) and SEV-2016-0683 projects for the financial support. We gratefully acknowledge ALBA synchrotron for allocating beamtime (proposal 2015091414) and CLAESS beamline staff for their technical support during our experiment. C. W. Lopes (Science without Frontiers -Process no. 13191/13-6) thanks CAPES for a predoctoral fellowship. J. L. Cerrillo is grateful to MINECO for the Severo Ochoa contract for PhD formation (SVP-2014-068600). L. Kiwi-Minsker acknowledges financial support provided by Russian Science Foundation (project 15-19-20023). Authors also thank Kynol Europa GmbH for the supply of the activated carbon fibers.Cerrillo, JL.; Lopes, CW.; Rey Garcia, F.; Agostini, G.; Kiwi-Minsker, L.; Palomares Gimeno, AE. (2020). Nature and evolution of Pd catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers during the catalytic reduction of bromate in water. Catalysis Science & Technology. 10(11):3646-3653. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00606hS364636531011Naushad, M., Khan, M. R., ALOthman, Z. A., AlSohaimi, I., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Turki, T. M., & Ali, R. (2015). Removal of BrO3 − from drinking water samples using newly developed agricultural waste-based activated carbon and its determination by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15853-15865. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4786-yBUTLER, R., GODLEY, A., LYTTON, L., & CARTMELL, E. (2005). Bromate Environmental Contamination: Review of Impact and Possible Treatment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 35(3), 193-217. doi:10.1080/10643380590917888Weinberg, H. S., Delcomyn, C. A., & Unnam, V. (2003). Bromate in Chlorinated Drinking Waters:  Occurrence and Implications for Future Regulation. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(14), 3104-3110. doi:10.1021/es026400zOMS , Bromate in Drinking-water - Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality , WHO , 2005Jabłońska, M., Król, A., Kukulska-Zając, E., Tarach, K., Girman, V., Chmielarz, L., & Góra-Marek, K. (2015). Zeolites Y modified with palladium as effective catalysts for low-temperature methanol incineration. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 166-167, 353-365. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.11.047Pergher, S. B. ., Dallago, R. M., Veses, R. C., Gigola, C. E., & Baibich, I. M. (2004). Pd/NaY-zeolite and Pd-W/NaY-zeolite catalysts: preparation, characterization and NO decomposition activity. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 209(1-2), 107-115. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2003.08.005Chaplin, B. P., Reinhard, M., Schneider, W. F., Schüth, C., Shapley, J. R., Strathmann, T. J., & Werth, C. J. (2012). Critical Review of Pd-Based Catalytic Treatment of Priority Contaminants in Water. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(7), 3655-3670. doi:10.1021/es204087qHöller, V., Rådevik, K., Yuranov, I., Kiwi-Minsker, L., & Renken, A. (2001). Reduction of nitrite-ions in water over Pd-supported on structured fibrous materials. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 32(3), 143-150. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00139-4Shen, W.-J., Ichihashi, Y., Ando, H., Okumura, M., Haruta, M., & Matsumura, Y. (2001). Influence of palladium precursors on methanol synthesis from CO hydrogenation over Pd/CeO2 catalysts prepared by deposition–precipitation method. Applied Catalysis A: General, 217(1-2), 165-172. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00606-8Hirayama, J., & Kamiya, Y. (2018). Tin-palladium supported on alumina as a highly active and selective catalyst for hydrogenation of nitrate in actual groundwater polluted with nitrate. Catalysis Science & Technology, 8(19), 4985-4993. doi:10.1039/c8cy00730fPalomares, A. E., Franch, C., Yuranova, T., Kiwi-Minsker, L., García-Bordeje, E., & Derrouiche, S. (2014). The use of Pd catalysts on carbon-based structured materials for the catalytic hydrogenation of bromates in different types of water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 146, 186-191. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.02.056Chen, H., Xu, Z., Wan, H., Zheng, J., Yin, D., & Zheng, S. (2010). Aqueous bromate reduction by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 96(3-4), 307-313. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.02.021Soares, O. S. G. P., Freitas, C. M. A. S., Fonseca, A. M., Órfão, J. J. M., Pereira, M. F. R., & Neves, I. C. (2016). Bromate reduction in water promoted by metal catalysts prepared over faujasite zeolite. Chemical Engineering Journal, 291, 199-205. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.093Freitas, C. M. A. S., Soares, O. S. G. P., Órfão, J. J. M., Fonseca, A. M., Pereira, M. F. R., & Neves, I. C. (2015). Highly efficient reduction of bromate to bromide over mono and bimetallic ZSM5 catalysts. Green Chemistry, 17(8), 4247-4254. doi:10.1039/c5gc00777aRestivo, J., Soares, O. S. G. P., Órfão, J. J. M., & Pereira, M. F. R. (2015). Bimetallic activated carbon supported catalysts for the hydrogen reduction of bromate in water. Catalysis Today, 249, 213-219. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.10.048Restivo, J., Soares, O. S. G. P., Órfão, J. J. M., & Pereira, M. F. R. (2017). Catalytic reduction of bromate over monometallic catalysts on different powder and structured supports. Chemical Engineering Journal, 309, 197-205. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.025Soares, O. S. G. P., Ramalho, P. S. F., Fernandes, A., Órfão, J. J. M., & Pereira, M. F. R. (2019). Catalytic bromate reduction in water: Influence of carbon support. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 7(3), 103015. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103015Perez-Coronado, A. M., Soares, O. S. G. P., Calvo, L., Rodriguez, J. J., Gilarranz, M. A., & Pereira, M. F. R. (2018). Catalytic reduction of bromate over catalysts based on Pd nanoparticles synthesized via water-in-oil microemulsion. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 237, 206-213. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.077Li, M., Zhou, X., Sun, J., Fu, H., Qu, X., Xu, Z., & Zheng, S. (2019). Highly effective bromate reduction by liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation over Pd catalysts supported on core-shell structured magnetites: Impact of shell properties. Science of The Total Environment, 663, 673-685. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.392Chen, X., Huo, X., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Werth, C. J., & Strathmann, T. J. (2017). Exploring beyond palladium: Catalytic reduction of aqueous oxyanion pollutants with alternative platinum group metals and new mechanistic implications. Chemical Engineering Journal, 313, 745-752. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.058Gao, Y., Sun, W., Yang, W., & Li, Q. (2017). Creation of Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst by a Spray Process for Fixed Bed Reactors and Its Effective Removal of Aqueous Bromate. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/srep41797Li, M., Hu, Y., Fu, H., Qu, X., Xu, Z., & Zheng, S. (2019). Pt embedded in carbon rods of N-doped CMK-3 as a highly active and stable catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation reduction of bromate. Chemical Communications, 55(78), 11786-11789. doi:10.1039/c9cc05274gMarco, Y., García-Bordejé, E., Franch, C., Palomares, A. E., Yuranova, T., & Kiwi-Minsker, L. (2013). Bromate catalytic reduction in continuous mode using metal catalysts supported on monoliths coated with carbon nanofibers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 230, 605-611. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.040Yuranova, T., Kiwi-Minsker, L., Franch, C., Palomares, A. E., Armenise, S., & García-Bordejé, E. (2013). Nanostructured Catalysts for the Continuous Reduction of Nitrates and Bromates in Water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52(39), 13930-13937. doi:10.1021/ie302977hPalomares, A. E., Franch, C., & Corma, A. (2011). A study of different supports for the catalytic reduction of nitrates from natural water with a continuous reactor. Catalysis Today, 172(1), 90-94. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2011.05.015Yuranova, T., Franch, C., Palomares, A. E., Garcia-Bordejé, E., & Kiwi-Minsker, L. (2012). Structured fibrous carbon-based catalysts for continuous nitrate removal from natural water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 123-124, 221-228. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.04.007Lan, H., Mao, R., Tong, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, H., An, X., & Liu, R. (2016). Enhanced Electroreductive Removal of Bromate by a Supported Pd–In Bimetallic Catalyst: Kinetics and Mechanism Investigation. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(21), 11872-11878. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b02822Yao, F., Yang, Q., Yan, M., Li, X., Chen, F., Zhong, Y., … Li, X. (2020). Synergistic adsorption and electrocatalytic reduction of bromate by Pd/N-doped loofah sponge-derived biochar electrode. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 386, 121651. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121651Morais, D. F. S., Boaventura, R. A. R., Moreira, F. C., & Vilar, V. J. P. (2019). Advances in bromate reduction by heterogeneous photocatalysis: The use of a static mixer as photocatalyst support. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 249, 322-332. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.02.070Cunha, G. S., Santos, S. G. S., Souza-Chaves, B. M., Silva, T. F. C. V., Bassin, J. P., Dezotti, M. W. C., … Vilar, V. J. P. (2019). Removal of bromate from drinking water using a heterogeneous photocatalytic mili-reactor: impact of the reactor material and water matrix. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(32), 33281-33293. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06266-9Matatov-Meytal, Y., & Sheintuch, M. (2002). Catalytic fibers and cloths. Applied Catalysis A: General, 231(1-2), 1-16. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00963-2Joannet, E., Horny, C., Kiwi-Minsker, L., & Renken, A. (2002). Palladium supported on filamentous active carbon as effective catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to 2-butene-1,4-diol. Chemical Engineering Science, 57(16), 3453-3460. doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00215-4Crespo-Quesada, M., Dykeman, R. R., Laurenczy, G., Dyson, P. J., & Kiwi-Minsker, L. (2011). Supported nitrogen-modified Pd nanoparticles for the selective hydrogenation of 1-hexyne. Journal of Catalysis, 279(1), 66-74. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2011.01.003Fang, W., Yang, S., Wang, X.-L., Yuan, T.-Q., & Sun, R.-C. (2017). Manufacture and application of lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) and lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs). Green Chemistry, 19(8), 1794-1827. doi:10.1039/c6gc03206kYaseneva, P., Marti, C. F., Palomares, E., Fan, X., Morgan, T., Perez, P. S., … Lapkin, A. A. (2014). Efficient reduction of bromates using carbon nanofibre supported catalysts: Experimental and a comparative life cycle assessment study. Chemical Engineering Journal, 248, 230-241. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.034Shim, J.-W., Park, S.-J., & Ryu, S.-K. (2001). Effect of modification with HNO3 and NaOH on metal adsorption by pitch-based activated carbon fibers. Carbon, 39(11), 1635-1642. doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00290-6Rouquerol, J., Llewellyn, P., & Rouquerol, F. (2007). Is the bet equation applicable to microporous adsorbents? Characterization of Porous Solids VII - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on the Characterization of Porous Solids (COPS-VII), Aix-en-Provence, France, 26-28 May 2005, 49-56. doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80008-5J. R. Anderson , Structure of metallic catalysts , Academic Press , London-New York , 1918Martínez, A., Arribas, M. A., Derewinski, M., & Burkat-Dulak, A. (2010). Enhanced sulfur resistance of bifunctional Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst comprising hierarchical carbon-templated zeolite. Applied Catalysis A: General, 379(1-2), 188-197. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.03.023Ravel, B., & Newville, M. (2005). ATHENA,ARTEMIS,HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy usingIFEFFIT. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 12(4), 537-541. doi:10.1107/s0909049505012719Groppo, E., Agostini, G., Borfecchia, E., Wei, L., Giannici, F., Portale, G., … Lamberti, C. (2014). Formation and Growth of Pd Nanoparticles Inside a Highly Cross-Linked Polystyrene Support: Role of the Reducing Agent. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(16), 8406-8415. doi:10.1021/jp5003897Groppo, E., Liu, W., Zavorotynska, O., Agostini, G., Spoto, G., Bordiga, S., … Zecchina, A. (2010). Subnanometric Pd Particles Stabilized Inside Highly Cross-Linked Polymeric Supports. Chemistry of Materials, 22(7), 2297-2308. doi:10.1021/cm903176dBugaev, A. L., Guda, A. A., Lazzarini, A., Lomachenko, K. A., Groppo, E., Pellegrini, R., … Lamberti, C. (2017). In situ formation of hydrides and carbides in palladium catalyst: When XANES is better than EXAFS and XRD. Catalysis Today, 283, 119-126. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.065Fernández-García, M. (2002). XANES analysis of catalytic systems under reaction conditions. Catalysis Reviews, 44(1), 59-121. doi:10.1081/cr-120001459Lopes, C. W., Cerrillo, J. L., Palomares, A. E., Rey, F., & Agostini, G. (2018). An in situ XAS study of the activation of precursor-dependent Pd nanoparticles. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(18), 12700-12709. doi:10.1039/c8cp00517fWang, J., Wang, Q., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., Yang, W., & Frenkel, A. I. (2014). 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Isotherms and isosteric heat of sorption of two varieties of Peruvian quinoa

The isosteric heats of sorption of two varieties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grain were determined by the static gravimetric method at four temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and in relative humidity environments provided by six saturated salt solutions. Six mathematical equations were used to model the experimental data: GAB, Oswin, Henderson, Peleg, Smith and Halsey. The isosteric heat of sorption was determined using the parameters of the GAB model. All the equations were shown to be appropriate by the coefficients of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error (MA%E). The influence of temperature was observed because the adsorption of water by the grains was lower at higher temperatures. The equilibrium moisture contents for security of storage, for long periods of time at water activity lower than 0.65, were 12 - 13%. The effect of temperature on the parameters of the GAB model was analysed using the exponential Arrhenius equation. The isosteric heats of sorption were determined by applying the Clausius-Clapeyron equation as a function of humidity. The isosteric heat at 5% moisture for grains of the Blanca de Juli variety was 3663 kJ/kg and for the Pasankalla variety it was 3393 kJ/kg. The experimental data for isosteric heat as a function of humidity were satisfactorily modelled using three mathematical equations.The isosteric heats of sorption of two varieties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grain were determined by the static gravimetric method at four temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and in relative humidity environments provided by six saturated salt solutions. Six mathematical equations were used to model the experimental data:  GAB, Oswin, Henderson, Peleg, Smith and Halsey. The isosteric heat of sorption was determined using the parameters of the GAB model. All the equations were shown to be appropriate by the coefficients of determination (R2) and the mean absolute error (MA%E). The influence of temperature was observed because the adsorption of water by the grains was lower at higher temperatures. The equilibrium moisture contents for security of storage, for long periods of time at water activity lower than 0.65, were 12 - 13%. The effect of temperature on the parameters of the GAB model was analysed using the exponential Arrhenius equation. The isosteric heats of sorption were determined by applying the Clausius-Clapeyron equation as a function of humidity. The isosteric heat at 5% moisture for grains of the Blanca de Juli variety was 3663 kJ/kg and for the Pasankalla variety it was 3393 kJ/kg. The experimental data for isosteric heat as a function of humidity were satisfactorily modelled using three mathematical equations

ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO CARVÃO VEGETAL NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

O carvão vegetal é uma importante fonte de energia para a produção de ferro-gusa no Estado do Pará. O aumento da produção da siderurgia no Estado vem exigindo um maior consumo deste insumo provocando um déficit ambiental, haja vista não está havendo o retorno necessário e exigido dos recursos florestais utilizados na produção desse produto. Em virtude de suas características produtivas, surge como uma alternativa de incorporação de trabalho com baixa qualificação, aspecto típico de localidades amazônicas. Entretanto, para que seja uma alternativa eficaz é importante que haja uma racionalidade ao longo da cadeia produtiva a partir da utilização de tecnologias que reduzam os impactos negativos sobre o meio ambiente. Com o intuito de verificar quais municípios são mais especializados na atividade utilizou-se da metodologia do ICN a partir do valor bruto da produção de carvão, em virtude do elevado grau de informalidade da força de trabalho ligado à essa atividade. Os resultados refletem o cenário atual das regiões envolvidas na produção de carvão ao mesmo tempo em que permitiram identificar a postura adotada pelo setor público no que tange a busca da sustentabilidade da atividade.Carvão, Meio ambiente, Índice de Concentração Normalizado, Crop Production/Industries,