15 research outputs found
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Plants´ responses to pathogen attack: a biochemical approach
Plants are susceptible to the pathogens attack all the time, which use different strategies of invasion. Thus, plants have developed different defense mechanisms and when they activated, it triggers appropriate responses in an adaptative way of pre and post-formed barriers. The synthesis of exopolysaccharides, toxins, cell wall degradation enzymes and the production of plant hormones are examples of chemical replies. The mechanisms developed by plants are of biotechnological interest, as they provide knowledge about natural agents of defense against pests that may threaten the development of some crops, and they consequently decrease the use of chemical agents as agricultural chemical. In this review we discuss how plants chemically defend themselves against pathogens in a natural or induced way, as well as we relate the major mechanisms of infection and chemical substances developed by phytopathogens.Introdução: As plantas estĂŁo suscetĂveis ao ataque de patĂłgenos a todo tempo, os quais utilizam diferentes estratĂ©gias de invasĂŁo. Diante disso, as plantas desenvolveram distintos mecanismos de defesa que, quando acionados, desencadeiam respostas apropriadas e de forma adaptativa, a partir de barreiras prĂ© e pĂłs-formadas. SĂŁo exemplos dessas respostas quĂmicas: a sĂntese de exopolissacarĂdeos, toxinas, enzimas de degradação da parede celular e a produção de hormĂ´nios vegetais. Os mecanismos desenvolvidos pelas plantas sĂŁo de interesse biotecnolĂłgico, pois proporcionam conhecimento sobre agentes naturais de defesa contra pragas que possam vir a ameaçar o desenvolvimento de algumas culturas e, consequentemente, diminuir a utilização de agentes quĂmicos como defensivos agrĂcolas.
Objetivo: Nesta revisĂŁo, discutiu-se como as plantas se defendem quimicamente ao ataque de patĂłgenos, de forma natural ou induzida, bem como relaciou-se os principais mecanismos de infecção e as substâncias quĂmicas produzidas por fitopatĂłgenos.
MĂ©todos: Realizou-se uma revisĂŁo sistemática por meio de pesquisa em livros texto e plataformas on-line de busca de artigos cientĂficos, para isso, empregou-se temos expressões, vocábulos e temas nas lĂnguas portuguesa e inglesa no recorte temporal dos Ăşltimos dez anos (2022-2012).
Resultados: A revisĂŁo da literatura permitiu a seleção de 71 citações relevantes que embasaram o desenvolvimento teĂłrico-cientĂfico do presente trabalho.Â
ConclusĂŁo: O conhecimento sobre a defesa das plantas representa uma importante ferramenta de subsĂdeo para futuras pesquisas sobre indução de resistĂŞncia em plantas, agricultura de base agroecolĂłgica e controle em fitossanidade
Dataset: Fungicide efficacy for soybean rust control and yield increase in Brazil: 10-year dataset
Analysis of the performance of fungicides for controlling soybean rust in Brazil over the year
VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre Formação de Educadores
O tema proposto para discussĂŁo durante o VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre a Formação de Educadores – Modos de ser Educador: Artes e TĂ©cnicas – CiĂŞncias e PolĂticas envolve a busca de integração entre as diferentes dimensões que compõem a formação do profissional da educação. O trabalho e o sentido da intervenção social desse profissional se constituem em objeto em torno do qual as análises e interpretações vĂŁo recolher os fundamentos de debate sobre cultura como totalidade, incluindo: Artes e TĂ©cnicas – CiĂŞncias e PolĂticas. A dinâmica que caracteriza a formação de educadores requer a interpretaçãodesses fundamentos para o constante redimensionamento e definição dos objetivos visando aperfeiçoar o papel do profissional educador na sociedade. Por meio de discussões entrediferentes setores ligados Ă educação Ă© que podem ser avaliados, preservados ou transformados os mĂłveis que norteiam a formação do educador dentro de contextos culturais/sociais especĂficos, nos diversos campos, artes, tĂ©cnicas, ciĂŞncias e polĂticas. A disponibilidade de um espaço como o VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre a Formação de Educadores para que estudiosos do tema - Educação - se congreguem e debatam a produção de conhecimento sob diversos ângulos, insere e qualifica esse evento como um processo de contribuição para o aprofundamento de estudos na área educacional. Os Congressos Estaduais Paulistas sobre a Formação de Educadores (CEPFE) vĂŞm acontecendo desde 1990 e tĂŞm dedicado ĂŞnfase especial Ă formação de profissionais da educação, nos nĂveis de ensino fundamental, mĂ©dio e universitário. Tal conformação do Congresso procura extrapolar questões prĂłprias do padrĂŁo formal, para a abordagem de formação do profissional da educação embasada na crĂtica constante, capaz de dinamizar processos e resultados. Essa pretensĂŁo ressalta a importância do envolvimento de diferentes áreas do saber numa discussĂŁo sobre significados da produção de conhecimento. DaĂ poderĂŁo provir os resultados esperados a partir das atividades programadas para o VIII Congresso dentre os quais está esse caderno de resumos que ora apresentamos.Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP
NĂşcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007
Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq