Los sistemas de actuación para la ejecución del planeamiento urbanístico. Análisis crítico de la figura del agente urbanizador a través de la legislación urbanística valenciana: objetivos, resultados y perspectivas

En los últimos años, los legisladores autonómicos han introducido en sus respectivos ordenamientos jurídicos nuevos sistemas de actuación para afrontar las emergentes necesidades generadas como consecuencia de la incesante demanda de suelos urbanos o urbanizables aptos para la edificación. Concretamente, en el año 1994 la Comunidad Valenciana instauró la figura del agente urbanizador mediante la aprobación de la Ley 6/1994, de 15 de noviembre, reguladora de la Actividad Urbanística Valenciana, más popularmente conocida como LRAU. Objeto de críticas y controversias, dicha norma revolucionó el panorama urbanístico valenciano, permitiendo que cualquier promotor pudiera presentar un Programa Urbanizador sobre un terreno (Programa de Actuación Integrada o PAI), con independencia de que éste fuera o no de su propiedad. Fruto de esta regulación y de la actuación no conforme a Derecho de Administraciones públicas y promotores, miles de ciudadanos europeos residentes en la Comunidad Valenciana han sido víctimas de una presunta aplicación abusiva de dicha normativa. Esta circunstancia ha conllevado la reciente mediación de las más altas instituciones europeas, conllevando la rápida aprobación de una nueva Ley Urbanística Valenciana (que ya se estaba tramitando en las Cortes Valencianas) que respetará plenamente las Directivas Comunitarias (especialmente, en materia de contrata­­­ción pública). Así, a finales del año 2005 fue aprobada la Ley 16/2005, de 30 de diciembre, Urbanística Valenciana (LUV), mediante la que se han introducido importantes novedades con el propósito de garantizar la adecuación de la normativa urbanística valenciana a las recomendaciones emitidas por el Parlamento Europeo en su reciente Resolución de fecha 7 de diciembre de 2005, la cual recoge la propuesta contenida en el «Informe Fourtou» de fecha 5 de diciembre de 2005 emitido por el mismo Parlamento. Teniendo en cuenta la particularidad de la situación de partida, el presente estudio pretende ofrecer una visión retrospectiva de cuál era la regulación prevista en la LRAU (ya derogada), así como los objetivos que se pretendían alanzar con su aplicación, sus efectos prácticos y los principales focos de conflicto que se han desencadenado durante su vigencia. Finalmente, se describen brevemente cuáles son las principales modificaciones introducidas en la nueva LUV, haciendo una especial referencia a lo indicado por el Parlamento Europeo en la referida resolución. En cualquier caso, será necesario esperar un tiempo prudencial para poder analizar, desde una perspectiva objetiva, los resultados de la nueva regulación que, a priori, promete ser no menos problemática que la anterior

Synthesis of mechanically strong waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s capable of self-healing at elevated temperatures

Although various chemistries have been introduced into polyurethanes in order to obtain self-healing abilities, implementing these materials in applications requiring high strength is challenging as strong materials imply a limited molecular motion, but without movement of polymer chains self-healing is not possible. Here, waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s (PU(U)s) based on aromatic disulfide compounds are developed which balance these contradictory requirements by presenting good mechanical properties at room temperature, while showing the mobility necessary for healing when moderately heated. The influence of hard monomers on the stability and mobility of the materials is investigated by scratch closure, cut healing and rheological measurements, so that the limits of the readily available aromatic disulfide compounds, bis(4-aminophenyl)- and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfide, can be determined. Subsequently, a modified aromatic disulfide compound, bis[4-(3'-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]disulfide, with increased reactivity, solubility and flexibility is synthesized and incorporated into the PU backbone, so that materials with more attractive mechanical properties, reaching ultimate tensile strengths up to 23 MPa, and self-healing abilities at elevated temperatures could be obtained.The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme is accredited for the financial support through Project TRACKWAY-ITN 642514 under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement. N.B. acknowledges the financial support obtained through the Post-Doctoral fellowship Juan de la Cierva - Incorporación (IJCI-2016-28442), from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spai

Collaborative learning experiences for the development of higher-order thinking

The work presented in this article describe the conceptualization and methodological proposal for the development of two distinct pedagogical approaches. One, based on Inquiry Based Learning (IBL), is structured in phases, guiding the student through the learning process. The other is based on gamification, applied as an integrated teaching-learning strategy. It includes the definition of the formative assessment, student classification and learning experiences, which include traditional practical assignments and educational games. This study was conceptualized and applied in two curricular units of different areas, to identify the impact that these strategies have in the construction of higher-order skills, such as communication skills, critical thinking and collaboration. There are strong indicators that the intense and active role of students allows them to build strong connection to the issue in study and also to rely on team work for further in the knowledge building.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

OpenFlow compatible key-based routing protocol: adapting SDN networks to content/service-centric paradigm

The host-to-host/content/service communication instead of the host-to-host communication offered by traditional Internet Protocol (IP) routing solutions has been demanded in the last few years. Nowadays, getting this type of communication directly at network level is an increasing demand in the framework of new networking scenarios, such as Internet of Things and data center scenarios. Inspired by Key-Based Routing (KBR) solutions which, in conjunction with Distributed Hash Tables, have offered a way of providing content-sharing solutions in overlay networks on the top of the Internet for years now, we propose OFC-KBR (OpenFlow Compatible Key-Based Routing) solution. OFC-KBR is a key-based routing solution directly implemented at network layer that makes use of the potential of Software Defined Networking. In this solution, end-points are identified by virtual identifiers. These virtual identifiers are obtained from a descriptive textual name, whose format is not fixed and can be defined depending on the requirements of the service that is going to use the proposed OFC-KBR solution. OFC-KBR is totally compatible with the current OpenFlow standard and can co-exist with other L2/L3 protocols. The proposal has been implemented and evaluated by simulation considering real topologies.This research has been supported by the AEI/FEDER, UE Project Grant TEC2016-76465-C2-1-R (AIM). Adrian Flores de la Cruz also thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for the FPI (BES-2014-069097) pre-doctoral fellowship

Review and new perspectives on non-layered manganese compounds as electrode material for Sodium-Ion batteries

After more than 30 years of delay compared to lithium-ion batteries, sodium analogs are now emerging in the market. This is a result of the concerns regarding sustainability and production costs of the former, as well as issues related to safety and toxicity. Electrode materials for the new sodium-ion batteries may contain available and sustainable elements such as sodium itself, as well as iron or manganese, while eliminating the common cobalt cathode compounds and copper anode current collectors for lithium-ion batteries. The multiple oxidation states, abundance, and availability of manganese favor its use, as it was shown early on for primary batteries. Regarding structural considerations, an extraordinarily successful group of cathode materials are layered oxides of sodium, and transition metals, with manganese being the major component. However, other technologies point towards Prussian blue analogs, NASICON-related phosphates, and fluorophosphates. The role of manganese in these structural families and other oxide or halide compounds has until now not been fully explored. In this direction, the present review paper deals with the different Mn-containing solids with a non-layered structure already evaluated. The study aims to systematize the current knowledge on this topic and highlight new possibilities for further study, such as the concept of entatic state applied to electrodes

A prediction model based on data mining to forecast the expectations of passing from a college student

The present work has as objective to apply data mining techniques to develop a predictive model to forecast the chance of passing that will have a college student at the time of enrolling in a particular subject. Given that the academic record of the student can be known, and based on that information, we propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that allows, using various configurations, to predict and assess our goal. The model has been applied to a compulsory subject of higher education of a University and given the results obtained. This model can be applied to any other subject analogous with satisfactory results

Combining a recursive approach via non-negative matrix factorization and Gini index sparsity to improve reliable detection of wheezing sounds

Auscultation constitutes a fast, non-invasive and low-cost tool widely used to diagnose respiratory diseases in most of the health centres. However, the acoustic training and expertise acquired by the physician is still crucial to provide a reliable diagnosis of the status of the lung. Each wrong diagnosis increases the risk to the health of patients and the costs associated with the treatment of the disease detected. A wheezing detection system can be useful to the physician to minimize the subjectivity of the interpretation of the breathing sounds, misdiagnoses due to stress and elucidating complex acoustic scenes (such as louder background noises). Highlight that the presence of wheeze sounds is one of the main indicators of respiratory disorders from airway obstructions. This work presents an expert and intelligent system to detect wheeze sounds based on a recursive algorithm that combines orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization (ONMF) and the sparsity descriptor Gini index. The recursive algorithm is composed of four stages. The first stage is based on ONMF modelling to factorize the spectral bases as dissimilar as possible. The second stage clusters the ONMF bases into two categories: wheezing and normal breath. The third stage proposes a novel stopping criterion that controls the loss of wheezing spectral content at the expense of removing normal breath content in the recursive algorithm. Finally, the fourth stage determines the patient’s condition to locate the temporal intervals in which wheeze sounds are active for unhealthy patients. Experimental results report that the proposed method: (i) provides the best detection performance compared to the recent state-of-the-art wheezing detection approaches, achieving the highest robustness in noisy environments; and (ii) reliably distinguishes the patient’s condition (healthy/unhealthy). The strengths of the proposed method are the following: (i) its unsupervised nature since it does not depend on any training stage to learn in advanced the sounds of interest (wheezing). This fact could make this method attractive to be used in clinical settings because wheezing sound databases are often unavailable; and (ii) the modelling of the spectral behaviour by means of a common feature, the sparsity, that represents the typically energy distributions shown by most of the wheeze and normal breath sounds

Optimización de un prototipo de sistema fotovoltaico autónomo para iluminación de anuncios espectaculares

Los sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos utilizan módulos fotovoltaicos, baterías y reguladores de carga con objeto de suministrar electricidad fuera de la red eléctrica a equipos de consumo, los cuales pueden operar en horarios donde no existe suficiente irradiancia solar, por ejemplo durante la noche. En el presente artículo se resume la optimización realizada a un prototipo de sistema fotovoltaico autónomo para iluminación de anuncios espectaculares. El prototipo se concibió para iluminar de manera autónoma un anuncio espectacular en Aguascalientes durante 4 horas cada día al ponerse el sol.El análisis energético del prototipo actual ha permitido detectar un desempeño insuficiente para las características de irradiación solar media en los meses de Julio y Diciembre en Aguascalientes (meses más desfavorables de irradiación en esta ubicación para la inclinación del arreglo fotovoltaico del prototipo). Como resultado se ha propuesto un cambio en el diseño del arreglo fotovoltaico y se han realizado las predicciones del desempeño energético del nuevo diseño. Adicionalmente, se ha diseñado un sistema automático de encendido/apagado a partir de un sensor de iluminación y un controlador Arduino. Como resultado de la optimización, se obtiene un prototipo de mejores prestaciones y con un costo similar al prototipo actual.Palabra(s) Clave(s): arduino, optimización, sistema fotovoltaico autónomo

Prevalencia de desnutrición en sujetos mayores de 65 años en la Comunidad de Madrid: Estudio DREAM + 65

Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a frequent community healthcare problem that predominantly affects adults over 65 years of age and increases morbidity and mortality rates, while also decreasing quality of life. Objective: To study the prevalence of DRM in adults over 65 in different community healthcare centres belonging to the Regional Social Welfare Service of the Community of Madrid. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 33 community healthcare centres in Madrid (6 primary healthcare centres (PC), 9 care centres for the elderly (CE), 9 hospitals (H) and 9 nursing homes (NH)) selected by means of multistage sampling. The variables studied were age, sex, level of dependence according to the Red Cross disability scale, reason for admission and underlying disease, habitat (urban-periurban-rural) and geographical distribution (north-centre-south). The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-screening) was employed as a nutritional screening tool in all the centres. In the case of patients with positive screening (at risk-malnutrition), the MNA-assessment was carried out. Statistical analysis was conducted with the SPSS 21.0 package and included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis (LR). Statistical significance was considered to be p < 0.05. Results: A total of 1,103 subjects were recruited (275 PC, 278 CE, 281 H, 269 NH), mean age 79.5 ± 8.4 years (41.2% were males and 58.8% females). The subjects from H and NH had a higher degree of disability (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of DRM was 10%, 23.3% being at risk of malnutrition, with differences among the 4 types of community healthcare centres (p < 0.001). The univariate LR analysis showed significant differences in the prevalence of malnutrition according to age, sex, degree of dependence, type of community healthcare centre, habitat and geographical zone. Nevertheless, in the multivariate analysis, only the degree of dependence, the type of centre and habitat were statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of DRM in adults over 65 years of age in the Community of Madrid amounts to 10%, with another 23.3% at risk of malnutrition. The variables that were independently related with malnutrition in the multivariate analysis were only the patients’ level of dependence and the type and setting of the community healthcare centreIntroducción: la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) es un problema sociosanitario frecuente que afecta preferentemente a los mayores de 65 años, que aumenta la morbimortalidad y disminuye la calidad de vida. Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia de DRE en mayores de 65 años en diferentes centros sociosanitarios del Servicio Regional de Bienestar Social de la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: estudio transversal en 33 centros sociosanitarios de Madrid (6 centros de atención primaria [AP], 9 centros de mayores [CM], 9 hospitales [H] y 9 residencias [R]) seleccionados mediante muestreo polietápico. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, nivel de dependencia según la escala de incapacidad de la Cruz Roja, motivo de ingreso y enfermedad de base, hábitat (urbano-periurbano-rural) y distribución geográfica (norte-centro-sur). Como herramienta de cribado nutricional se utilizó el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-cribaje) en todos los centros. En los pacientes con cribado positivo (en riesgo-desnutrición) se realizó el MNA-evaluación. El estudio estadístico se realizó con el paquete SSS 21.0 e incluyó estadística descriptiva, test de Chi-cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher, ANOVA de un factor, Kruskal-Wallis y análisis de regresión logística (RL) binaria univariante y multivariante. Se consideró significación estadística p < 0,05. Resultados: se reclutaron 1.103 sujetos (275 AP, 278 CM, 281 H, 269 R), edad media de 79,5 ± 8,4 años (41,2% varones, 58,8% mujeres). Los sujetos procedentes de H y R tuvieron un mayor grado de incapacidad (p < 0,001). La prevalencia global de DRE fue del 10%, encontrándose un 23,3% en riesgo de desnutrición, con diferencias entre los cuatro tipos de centros sociosanitarios (p < 0,001). El análisis univariante de RL mostró diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de desnutrición según la edad, sexo, grado de dependencia, tipo de centro sociosanitario, hábitat y zona geográfica. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariante solo el grado de dependencia, el tipo de centro y el hábitat tuvieron significación estadística. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de DRE en mayores de 65 años en la Comunidad de Madrid es del 10%, encontrándose además un 23,3% en riesgo de desnutrición. Las únicas variables que se relacionaron de forma independiente con la desnutrición en el análisis multivariante fueron el nivel de dependencia de los pacientes y el tipo y hábitat de centro sociosanitari

Relación Entre El Crecimiento Urbano de Lima Sur y Su Repercusión En Los Límites Geográficos de La Comunidad Campesina De Cucuya, De La Provincia de Huarochirí y Lima Metropolitana En Los Años 2017-2018

La presente investigación busca dar respuesta a la siguiente interrogante ¿Cuál es la relación del crecimiento urbano de Lima Sur y su repercusión en los límites geográficos de la Comunidad Campesina de Cucuya de la Provincia de Huarochirí y Lima Metropolitana en los años 2016–2017? Planteándose el tema desde un punto de vista descriptivo con una revisión teórica documental, en la cual se postulan antecedentes tomando consideraciones nacionales e internacionales. Las conclusiones a las cuales se llegaron implican que el crecimiento urbano de Lima Sur ha repercutido significativamente en diferentes elementos como los límites geográficos; también que los gobiernos regionales y locales hacen escasos esfuerzos para solucionar la problemática, la población se incrementa cada vez más lo que supone la necesidad de urbanizaciones; las comunidades campesinas no cuentan con el reconocimiento formal de participación en los diferentes niveles del Estado.This research seeks to answer the following question: What is the relationship between urban growth in Southern Lima and its repercussion on the geographical limits of the Peasant Community of Cucuya in the Province of Huarochirí and Metropolitan Lima in the years 2016-2017? The topic is presented from a descriptive point of view with a theoretical documentary review, in which antecedents are postulated taking national and international considerations. The conclusions reached imply that the urban growth of Southern Lima has had significant repercussions on different elements such as geographical limits; also that regional and local governments make scarce efforts to solve the problem, the population is increasing more and more what the need for urbanization supposes, peasant communities do not have the formal recognition of participation in the different levels of the State.Trabajo de investigació