Physical Education in the Teacher Training School of Badajoz 1844-1975

En este trabajo se analiza y discute el tratamiento recibido por los contenidos relacionados con la disciplina de la Educación Física en los sucesivos planes de estudio de magisterio en las escuelas normales de maestros de Badajoz desde la creación de la primera de estas escuelas en 1844 hasta 1975. El análisis se afronta desde dos perspectivas metodológicas: a) se ha utilizado el método histórico para el estudio de los documentos existentes en los archivos de la actual Facultad de Educación, abarcando todo el período considerado y en el que se refleja la historia de la asignatura en los centros pacenses, y b) se ha utilizado el método estadístico para analizar los datos obtenidos de los libros de actas de calificaciones (disponibles desde 1900 a 1975), teniendo en cuenta los nombres de la asignatura, el número de alumnos, los profesores implicados en la materia, las calificaciones obtenidas y las incidencias de las actas en relación al entorno social en el que se producen.This work presents the treatment given to the contents relating to curriculum design in the Teacher Training School of Badajoz since its creation in 1844 until the year 1975. The analysis has been approached from two different points of view and methodologies: a) the history of the subject in the teaching centres as revealed in documents located in the present faculty of Education, which cover the period of the study and which describe the history of the subject in the Badajoz Centres: b) statistical methods are used to analyze data obtained from Mark-books (available from 1900 to 1975) considering the names of the subject, the number of students, teachers involved in the subject, marks awarded, and observations relating to the social environment which were noted.peerReviewe

Mr. Rafael Morales Barrera, director of the Teacher Training College of Badajoz. 1908 – 1950

D. Rafael Morales Barrera ejerció la dirección de la Escuela Normal de Maestros durante cuarenta y dos años y fue nombrado después de su jubilación Director Honorario de la Escuela Normal del Magisterio. Este trabajo pretende rendir un pequeño homenaje al director de la Escuela Normal de Maestros de Badajoz que más años ostentó el cargo, y que dedicó la mayor parte de su vida, y sus conocimientos, a enaltecer los estudios de magisterio y a desarrollar la vida académica en Badajoz.Mr. Rafael Morales Barrera ran the Teacher Training College during forty-two years and after his retirement he was appointed its Honorary Director. This work tries to pay a little homage to the longest-lasting director of Badajoz’s Teacher Training College, who dedicated most of his life and knowledge to honor the teacher training studies and to develop the academic life in Badajoz.peerReviewe

One-Dimensional Scattering of Fermions on δ-Impurities

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Alcohol decomposition on basic/acid lignin-derived submicron diameter carbon fibers

The use of lignin, the second most abundant polymer in nature, along with a simple and versatile technique, electrospinning, represents an advantageous and promising approach for the preparation of carbon fibers. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of H3PO4 to the initial lignin solution allows for shortening the carbon fibers preparation process and that the resulting carbon fibers present P-surface groups that are of great interest for heterogeneous catalysis. Different carbon fibers catalysts have been prepared by electropinning of Alcell lignin in the absence or presence of H3PO4 as chemical activating agent. Carbonization at different temperatures between 500 and 1600 ºC allows for preparing carbon fibers with a high variety of porosity and chemical surface properties. Diverse oxygen surface groups are presented on the carbon catalysts surface. The isopropanol decomposition has been used as a catalytic test to study the acid or basic character of the prepared carbon fibers. Carbon fibers without phosphorus surface groups generate acetone as the main product of the isopropanol decomposition reaction, from 400 to 600 ºC, suggesting the basic character of these catalysts. On the contrary, phosphorus-containing carbon fibers show high acid character, producing selectivity to propylene of 100 % at temperatures between 250 and 350 ºC. The most acid carbon fiber catalyst produced a high selectivity to ethylene and dimethyl ether for the decomposition of ethanol and methanol, respectively. The conversion enhancement that the presence of oxygen in the gas phase produced for all these reactions was also studied.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO (CTQ2015-68654-R). MINECO (PTA2015-11464-I)

Impact of short-term extreme temperature events on physiological performance of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods under optimal and sub-optimal saline conditions

Increasing extreme temperature climatic events could exert an important effect on plant photosynthetic performance, which could be modulated by the co-occurrence with other environmental factors, such as salinity, in estuarine ecosystems. Therefore, a mesocosm experiment was designed to assess the impact of temperature events for three days (13/5 °C, 25/13 °C and 40/28 °C) in combination with two NaCl concentrations (171 and 1050 mM NaCl) on the physiological performance of Salicornia ramosissima. Extreme temperature events had a negative impact on S. ramosissima photosynthetic efficiency, this effect being more marked with cold wave at both salinities, compared with heat wave, even in presence of NaCl excess. This differential thermotolerance in the photosynthetic apparatus was ascribed to the greater integrity and functioning of its photosynthetic pathway at high temperature, as indicated by constant gs, Vc,max values at optimal salinity and the higher values of those parameters and gm recorded in combination with NaCl excess. Moreover, S. ramosissima was able to upregulate the energy sink capacity of its photochemical apparatus at elevated temperature and salinity by a greater energy excess dissipation capacity. This could have contributed to reducing the risk of oxidative stress, along with the recorded higher capacity for antioxidant enzyme activity modulation under these conditions.España, MINECO Project CGL2016– 75550-

Sport activity in the history of Badajoz Normal School. 1900/1936

Con este trabajo se evidencia la existencia de actividades deportivas, como materia de estudio, dentro del currículum de formación de maestros en los años de transición entre el siglo XIX y el XX. Así mismo se muestra como la educación física dentro del currículum de maestros marca la diferencia entre hombres y mujeres a principios del siglo XX. Por otro lado, se profundiza en la evolución de la educación física en las Escuelas Normales de Badajoz, desde su fundación en 1844, utilizando como referencia documentos originales de la época.The aim of this work is to show the existence of sport activities, as a research subject, as a part of teachers’ formation curriculum over the transition years between the 19th and the 20th centuries. Likewise it is shown how physical education in the curriculum makes the difference between men and women at the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the evolution of physical education deepens in the Normal Schools of Badajoz since its fundations in 1844, referencing original documents from the er

Schools, Health and Physical Education. Physical Education in the collected points of view of Badajoz Normal School females students (1919-1926)

En este trabajo se analiza el pensamiento de las alumnas matriculadas por enseñanza libre en la Escuela Normal de Maestras de Badajoz, en el tránsito entre dos sistemas de gobierno en los que rige el mismo plan de 1914 para las Escuelas Normales. El estudio se apoya en las Memorias de Prácticas depositadas en el centro por dichas alumnas. En ellas se recoge su pensamiento respecto a la enseñanza y la situación real de los centros escolares de primaria en la Extremadura de ese periodo. A través de 32 memorias, redactadas entre 1919 y 1926, analizamos la evolución que sufre el concepto de Educación Física, comprobando que solamente existe una mínima evolución entre dicho pensamiento y el que aparece reflejado en las memorias setenta y cinco años después.This work analyses the ideas of free enrolled female students of Badajoz Teachers’ Normal School under the 1914 syllabus validation in a period of government transition. The study is based down on the collected points of view about the real Teaching situation in Primary Schools in Extremadura taken from the Teaching Reports. The evolution of the Physical Education concept is analysed considering the 32 reports written from 1919 to 1926, proving that there is only a small evolution between those teaching reports and the ones presented seventy five years later in the same school.peerReviewe

High temperature treatments of porous activated carbon

The use of biomass waste for the preparation of activated carbon is of great industrial interest for reducing costs and increasing the sustainability, especially in the field of energy storage. A high temperature treatment is required to obtain a more ordered carbon material, thus increasing its conductivity. However, this high temperature treatment entails as a disadvantage a significant reduction in porosity. Therefore, a method to prepare activated carbons with a high porosity development as well as high conductivity could be of great interest for many applications. The aim of this work is to analyze the possible influence of phosphorus compounds on the physical-chemical properties of different carbon materials thermally treated at relatively high temperatures (1600 ºC). With this goal, it has been prepared activated carbons from different precursors (olive stone, lignin and hemp) and different conformations (powder, fibers and monoliths) by physical and chemical activation, with CO2 and H3PO4, respectively. Once the different activated carbon materials were prepared, they were thermally treated at 1600 ºC under inert atmosphere. The different samples were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption at 77 and 273 K, respectively, XPS, XRD and Raman techniques. The oxidation resistance was also evaluated in a thermogravimetric balance. High temperature treatments of activated carbon without the presence of P surface groups produced an important contraction of the porosity (from 900 to 150 m2 g-1). However, temperature treatments of phosphorus-activated carbon allowed for preparing carbon materials with a relatively high structural order and a well-developed porosity (c.a. 1100 m2 g-1), with a significant contribution of mesoporosity. These results suggest that these P-surface groups are responsible for the low contraction observed for the porous structure, avoiding, in a large extent, its collapse.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO (CTQ2015-68654-R). MINECO (PTA2015-11464-I)