Critical strain for dynamic recrystallisation. The particular case of steel

The knowledge of the flow behavior of metallic alloys subjected to hot forming operations has particular interest for metallurgists in the practice of industrial forming processes involving high temperatures (e.g., rolling, forging, and/or extrusion operations). Dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) occurs during high temperature forming over a wide range of metals and alloys, and it is known to be a powerful tool that can be used to control the microstructure and mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to know, particularly in low stacking fault energy materials, the precise time at which DRX is available to act. Under a constant strain rate condition, and for a given temperature, such a time is defined as a critical strain (ec). Unfortunately, this critical value is not always directly measurable on the flow curve; as a result, different methods have been developed to derive it. Focused on carbon and microalloyed steels subjected to laboratory-scale testing, in the present work, the state of art on the critical strain for the initiation of DRX is reviewed and summarized. A review of the different methods and expressions for assessing the critical strain is also included. The collected data are well suited to feeding constitutive models and computational codes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Proposal of Optimal Operation in Ship Rolling Motion Considering Sea State Conditions

[Abstract] Most of the research on ship rolling motion concerns a specific type of ship, such as containerships, or analyzes sailing during certain wave characteristics, rather than the full spectrum of waves that can be encountered during the entire sea route. To date, the most frequent merchant ships in the world are general cargo ships, where the ship’s behaviour at any sea condition has a great influence on overall safety, as well as the lashing design of non-standardized cargo. For this reason, the present paper aimed to study ship-performance models, starting with concepts of the basic physics of ships and waves. Firstly, the ship’s behaviour was analyzed from a theoretical point of view, both in calm waters and when sailing in waves, but independently. Afterwards, the ship-waves system was analyzed during rolling with all variables accounted for at the same moment, with the objective of obtaining roughly realistic models. Relevant results are shown in each of the models, which may be of great interest for ship operators and, in general, for the shipping industry, so as to improve the safety of maritime transport. Finally, these results were validated with a case study. View Full-TextThis research was funded by the R&D projects (Retos y Generación de Conocimiento) of the Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation. Reference number PID2020-119639RB-I0

Automatic decision support system based on SAR data for oil spill detection

This is the accepted manuscript of the following article: Mera, D., Cotos, J., Varela-Pet, J., G. Rodríguez, P. and Caro, A. (2014). Automatic decision support system based on SAR data for oil spill detection. Computers & Geosciences, 72, pp.184-191Global trade is mainly supported by maritime transport, which generates important pollution problems. Thus, effective surveillance and intervention means are necessary to ensure proper response to environmental emergencies. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been established as a useful tool for detecting hydrocarbon spillages on the oceans surface. Several Decision Support Systems have been based on this technology. This paper presents an automatic oil spill detection system based on SAR data which was developed on the basis of confirmed spillages and it was adapted to an important international shipping route off the Galician coast (northwest Iberian Peninsula). The system was supported by an adaptive segmentation process based on wind data as well as a shape oriented characterization algorithm. Moreover, two classifiers were developed and compared. Thus, image testing revealed up to 95.1% candidate labeling accuracy. Shared-memory parallel programming techniques were used to develop algorithms in order to improve above a 25% of the system processing timeThe authors wish to thank the financial support provided by the ‘Deputación da Coruña’ under the ‘Bolsas de Investigación 2013’ programmeS

Next Generation Auto-Identification and Traceability Technologies for Industry 5.0: A Methodology and Practical Use Case for the Shipbuilding Industry

[Abstract] Industry 5.0 follows the steps of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and seeks for revolutionizing the way industries operate. In fact, Industry 5.0 focuses on research and innovation to support industrial production sustainability and place the well-being of industrial workers at the center of the production process. Thus, Industry 5.0 relies on three pillars: it is human-centric, it encourages sustainability and it is aimed at developing resilience against disruptions. Such core aspects cannot be fully achieved without a transparent end-to-end human-centered traceability throughout the value chain. As a consequence, Auto-Identification (Auto-ID) technologies play a key role, since they are able to provide automated item recognition, positioning and tracking without human intervention or in cooperation with industrial operators. Although the most popular Auto-ID technologies provide a certain degree of security and productivity, there are still open challenges for future Industry 5.0 factories. This article analyzes and evaluates the Auto-ID landscape and delivers a holistic perspective and understanding of the most popular and the latest technologies, looking for solutions that cope with harsh, diverse and complex industrial scenarios. In addition, it describes a methodology for selecting Auto-ID technologies for Industry 5.0 factories. Such a methodology is applied to a specific use case of the shipbuilding industry that requires identifying the main components of a ship during its construction and repair. To validate the outcomes of the methodology, a practical evaluation of passive and active UHF RFID tags was performed in an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) under construction, showing that a careful selection and evaluation of the tags enables product identification and tracking even in areas with a very high density of metallic objects. As a result, this article serves as a useful guide for industrial stakeholders, including future developers and managers that seek for deploying identification and traceability technologies in Industry 5.0 scenarios.This work was supported in part by the Auto-Identication for Intelligent Products Research Line of the Navantia-Universidade da Coruña Joint Research Unit under Grant IN853B-2018/02, and in part by the Centro de Investigación de Galicia ``CITIC,'' funded by Xunta de Galicia and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund-Galicia 2014_2020 Program) under Grant ED431G 2019/01Xunta de Galicia; IN853B-2018/02Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0

Telefacturing Based Distributed Manufacturing Environment for Optimal Manufacturing Service by Enhancing the Interoperability in the Hubs

Recent happenings are surrounding the manufacturing sector leading to intense progress towards the development of effective distributed collaborative manufacturing environments. This evolving collaborative manufacturing not only focuses on digitalisation of this environment but also necessitates service-dependent manufacturing system that offers an uninterrupted approach to a number of diverse, complicated, dynamic manufacturing operations management systems at a common work place (hub). This research presents a novel telefacturing based distributed manufacturing environment for recommending the manufacturing services based on the user preferences. The first step in this direction is to deploy the most advanced tools and techniques, that is, Ontology-based Protege 5.0 software for transforming the huge stored knowledge/information into XML schema of Ontology Language (OWL) documents and Integration of Process Planning and Scheduling (IPPS) for multijobs in a collaborative manufacturing system. Thereafter, we also investigate the possibilities of allocation of skilled workers to the best feasible operations sequence. In this context, a mathematical model is formulated for the considered objectives, that is, minimization of makespan and total training cost of the workers. With an evolutionary algorithm and developed heuristic algorithm, the performance of the proposed manufacturing system has been improved. Finally, to manifest the capability of the proposed approach, an illustrative example from the real-time manufacturing industry is validated for optimal service recommendation.This work has been supported by by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluación de resultados en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas aisladas de cabeza de radio en el adulto

Presentamos una serie de 35 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro servicio por fractura aislada de cabeza de radio. El objetivo ha sido evaluar el resultado funcional del tratamiento quirúrgico de estas fracturas en el adulto, la correlación de los diferentes sistemas de evaluación de resultados y determinar los factores pronóstico. Las fracturas se clasificaron según Mason evaluando los resultados utilizando la escala de valoración del hospital par cirugía especial (HSSA) de Inglis y Pellici, el índice de clasificación funcional de Broberg y Morrey y la escala de evaluación funcional del codo de la Clínica Mayo. En más del 80% de los casos se obtuvieron resultados buenos ó excelentes, con una flexión media de 139% y un déficit de extensión de 10º. Los tres métodos de valoración mostraron un índice de concordancia estadísticamente significativo resultado por tanto ser equiparables. El retraso en la cirugía resultó ser un factor pronóstico en el resultado final (p<0.05) mientras que el tipo de fractura y de cirugía muestran tendencia a influir en el resultado final.Functional outcome after surgery for isolated radial head fractures in adults was assessed using three different outcome assessment approaches and favourable prognostic factors were determined. Thirty-five patients with radial head fractures were operated. Fractures were grouped according to the Mason classification, and the results obtained were assessed by means of the hospital for special surgery assessment (HSSA) system. Broberg and Morrey functional classification index and the Mayor Clinic elbow functional in over 80% of cases, with an average flexion of 139 degrees and an extension defect of 10 degrees. All three assessment system yielded statistically significant concordant scores, and was thus considered to be equivalent. Surgical delay proved to be a significant prognostic factor of the end result (p<0.05), while the type of fracture and surgery employed tended to influence outcome

A possible relation between sardine fisheries and oceanographic conditions in NW Spanish coastal waters

The NW of more often the shelf sardine in Spain is influenced by episodic upwelling which occurs between March and October. The consequent enrichment of waters is the origin of a very important fishery for the area. Eggs and larval survival is directly related to the oceanograph¡c conditions between the date of birth and recruitment. Laryal survival seems to be related essentially to weak upwelling conditions since they favour the non-dispersion of eggs (larvae) and allow growth of medium sized phytoplankters as suitable food. On the other hand, strpng upwelling causes dispersion of eggs (larvae) and favours growth of very large phytoplankton specles, mainly diatoms, that are thought to be un-suitable food for larvae. However, strong upwelling conditions are favorable for sardine adults, since the large phytoplankters growing during these upwelling events were found to be the main food supply, as shown by the study of stomach contents

Ultra Wideband for Shipyard 5.0 Indoor Gantry Crane High-Precision Positioning

Cursos e Congresos, C-155[Abstract] The shipyard of the future, called Shipyard 5.0, is a highly technological environment where real-time monitoring of products, by-products and transport vehicles is crucial. Among the technologies able to locate such elements indoors, Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a good option for providing accurate positioning. However, the use of UWB in shipyards faces challenges due to interference from metallic objects, which impacts its accuracy. To validate the use of UWB in a shipyard, this paper presents tests that were carried out in workshops that Navantia owns in Ferrol’s estuary, where UWB tags were placed on a gantry crane hook. The presented results show the performance of the system when locating the hook in 3D and the impact of attaching multiple tags to the hook to harness signal diversity. Specifically, a relatively lowerror is obtained when estimating only the height of the gantry crane hook (approximately 1 m), while the threedimensional positioning error reached an error of between 2 and 3m for the z-axisXunta de Galicia; IN853C 2022/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/15This work has been funded by CITIC that is funded by the Xunta de Galicia through the collaboration agreement between the Consellería de Cultura, Educación, Formación Profesional e Universidades and the Galician universities for the reinforcement of the research centres of the Galician University System (CIGUS), by the Xunta de Galicia (by grant ED431C 2020/15), and by grant PID2020-118857RA-100 (ORBALLO) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. In addition, this work has been supported by Xunta de Galicia through Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN) by grant IN853C 2022/01, Centro Mixto de Investigaci ón UDC-NAVANTIA “O estaleiro do futuro”, which is ongoing until the end of September 2025. The support was inherited from both the starting and consolidation stages of the same project throughout 2015- 2018 and 2018-2021, respectively. This stage is also co-funded by ERDF funds from the EU in the framework of program FEDER Galicia 2021-202

Olive Oil and the Hallmarks of Aging

Aging is a multifactorial and tissue-specific process involving diverse alterations regarded as the “hallmarks of aging”, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion and altered intracellular communication. Virtually all these hallmarks are targeted by dietary olive oil, particularly by virgin olive oil, since many of its beneficial effects can be accounted not only for the monounsaturated nature of its predominant fatty acid (oleic acid), but also for the bioactivity of its minor compounds, which can act on cells though both direct and indirect mechanisms due to their ability to modulate gene expression. Among the minor constituents of virgin olive oil, secoiridoids stand out for their capacity to modulate many pathways that are relevant for the aging process. Attenuation of aging-related alterations by olive oil or its minor compounds has been observed in cellular, animal and human models. How olive oil targets the hallmarks of aging could explain the improvement of health, reduced risk of aging-associated diseases, and increased longevity which have been associated with consumption of a typical Mediterranean diet containing this edible oil as the predominant fat source

LoRaWAN and Blockchain based Safety and Health Monitoring System for Industry 4.0 Operators

[Abstract] The latest advances in the different Industry 4.0 technologies have enabled the automation and optimization of complex tasks of production processes thanks to their ability to monitor and track the state of physical elements like machinery, environmental sensors/actuators or industrial operators. This paper focuses on the latter and presents the design and evaluation of a system for monitoring industrial workers that provides a near real-time decentralized response system aimed at reacting and tracing events that affect operator personal safety and health. Such a monitoring system is based on the information collected from sensors encapsulated in IoT wearables that are used to measure both personal and environmental data. The communications architecture relies on LoRaWAN, an LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology that offers good reliability in harsh communications environments and that provides relatively long distance communications with low-energy consumption. Specifically, each wearable sends the collected information (e.g., heart rate, altitude, external temperature, gas concentration, location) from the sensors to the nearest LoRaWAN gateway, which is transmitted to a pool of nodes where information is stored in a distributed manner. Such a decentralized system allows for providing information redundancy and guarantees its availability as long as there is an operative node. In addition, the proposed system is able to store and to process the collected data through smart contracts in a blockchain, which eliminate the need for a central backend and ensure the traceability and immutability of such data in order to share them with third parties (e.g., insurance companies or medical services).Xunta de Galicia; IN853B-2018/0