Análisis e implementación del protocolo de enrutamiento ospf para ip versión 6

In this present paper analyzes the OSPFv3 protocol implementation and the obstacles that network administrators are for migrating native IPv4 to IPv6 networks.The move to IPv6 is currently happening with service providers and some of them are very close to the implementation phase. Many government organizations (in the U.S.) have also received mandates to migrate their systems in anticipation of the need to support IPv6.Most companies and government organizations are not ready for IPv6. They are still in the planning stages of assessment or due to lack of awareness and understanding of how to manage the transition to IPv6. However, eventually these companies must make the change because its members, employees and customers will demand it. Users and new devices that use IPv6, manage changeEn el presente trabajo se analiza la implementación del protocolo OSPFv3, así como los obstáculos que los administradores de red se encuentran para la migración de redes IPv4 a redes nativas de IPv6.El movimiento hacia IPv6 está actualmente efectuado con proveedores de servicio, algunos de ellos están muy cerca de la fase de implementación. Muchas organizaciones de gobierno (en los Estados Unidos) también han recibido mandatos para migrar sus sistemas en anticipación a la necesidad de soportar el protocolo IPv6.La mayoría de las empresas y organizaciones de gobierno no están listas para implementar el IPv6, aún están en las etapas de evaluación o planeación debido a la falta de conciencia y entendimiento de cómo manejar la transición de este dispositivo. Sin embargo, eventualmente estas empresas deben hacer el cambio debido a que sus usuarios, empleados y clientes lo demandarán. Los usuarios y nuevos dispositivos que utilizarán IPv6, manejarán este proceso de transformación

Personality and discomfort in a therapeutic skills training program using experiential methodology

One of the most useful methodologies for training therapeutic skills in the clinical and health field involves the use of experiential learning in the Role-Playing or Peer-Counselling modalities (Bennet-Levy 2006; Fusté et al., 2016; Ruiz et al., 2018). However, one of the drawbacks that this methodology can entail is the apparent discomfort of having to explain personal experiences. Different studies have suggested that the variations in the levels of distress experienced in the training programs can be associated with both aspects related to the training program, as well as personality factors. That is why the objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between the personality profile and the degree of discomfort manifested by psychologists in training when sharing personal experiences in a training environment

Wind properties of variable B supergiants. Evidence of pulsations connected with mass-loss episodes

Context. Variable B supergiants (BSGs) constitute a heterogeneous group of stars with complex photometric and spectroscopic behaviours. They exhibit mass-loss variations and experience different types of oscillation modes, and there is growing evidence that variable stellar winds and photospheric pulsations are closely related. Aims: To discuss the wind properties and variability of evolved B-type stars, we derive new stellar and wind parameters for a sample of 19 Galactic BSGs by fitting theoretical line profiles of H, He, and Si to the observed ones and compare them with previous determinations. Methods: The synthetic line profiles are computed with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmosphere code FASTWIND, with a β-law for hydrodynamics. Results: The mass-loss rate of three stars has been obtained for the first time. The global properties of stellar winds of mid/late B supergiants are well represented by a β-law with β > 2. All stars follow the known empirical wind momentum-luminosity relationships, and the late BSGs show the trend of the mid BSGs. HD 75149 and HD 99953 display significant changes in the shape and intensity of the Hα line (from a pure absorption to a P Cygni profile, and vice versa). These stars have mass-loss variations of almost a factor of 2.8. A comparison among mass-loss rates from the literature reveals discrepancies of a factor of 1 to 7. This large variation is a consequence of the uncertainties in the determination of the stellar radius. Therefore, for a reliable comparison of these values we used the invariant parameter Qr. Based on this parameter, we find an empirical relationship that associates the amplitude of mass-loss variations with photometric/spectroscopic variability on timescales of tens of days. We find that stars located on the cool side of the bi-stability jump show a decrease in the ratio V∞/Vesc, while their corresponding mass-loss rates are similar to or lower than the values found for stars on the hot side. Particularly, for those variable stars a decrease in V∞/Vesc is accompanied by a decrease in Ṁ. Conclusions: Our results also suggest that radial pulsation modes with periods longer than 6 days might be responsible for the wind variability in the mid/late-type. These radial modes might be identified with strange modes, which are known to facilitate (enhanced) mass loss. On the other hand, we propose that the wind behaviour of stars on the cool side of the bi-stability jump could fit with predictions of the δ-slow hydrodynamics solution for radiation-driven winds with highly variable ionization.Based on observations taken with the J. Sahade Telescope at Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO), operated under an agreement between the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, the Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nación, and the National Universities of La Plata, Córdoba, and San Juan.Fil: Haucke, Maximiliano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Cidale, Lydia Sonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Venero, Roberto Oscar José. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Curé, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile; ChileFil: Kraus, M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Kanaan, S.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Arcos, C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; Argentin

La no discriminación en el derecho derivado de la Unión Europea

Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento) US-1264479Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional US-126447

Wind properties of variable B supergiants : Evidence of pulsations connected with mass-loss episodes

Context. Variable B supergiants (BSGs) constitute a heterogeneous group of stars with complex photometric and spectroscopic behaviours. They exhibit mass-loss variations and experience different types of oscillation modes, and there is growing evidence that variable stellar winds and photospheric pulsations are closely related. Aims: To discuss the wind properties and variability of evolved B-type stars, we derive new stellar and wind parameters for a sample of 19 Galactic BSGs by fitting theoretical line profiles of H, He, and Si to the observed ones and compare them with previous determinations. Methods: The synthetic line profiles are computed with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmosphere code FASTWIND, with a β-law for hydrodynamics. Results: The mass-loss rate of three stars has been obtained for the first time. The global properties of stellar winds of mid/late B supergiants are well represented by a β-law with β > 2. All stars follow the known empirical wind momentum-luminosity relationships, and the late BSGs show the trend of the mid BSGs. HD 75149 and HD 99953 display significant changes in the shape and intensity of the Hα line (from a pure absorption to a P Cygni profile, and vice versa). These stars have mass-loss variations of almost a factor of 2.8. A comparison among mass-loss rates from the literature reveals discrepancies of a factor of 1 to 7. This large variation is a consequence of the uncertainties in the determination of the stellar radius. Therefore, for a reliable comparison of these values we used the invariant parameter Qr. Based on this parameter, we find an empirical relationship that associates the amplitude of mass-loss variations with photometric/spectroscopic variability on timescales of tens of days. We find that stars located on the cool side of the bi-stability jump show a decrease in the ratio V∞/Vesc, while their corresponding mass-loss rates are similar to or lower than the values found for stars on the hot side. Particularly, for those variable stars a decrease in V∞/Vesc is accompanied by a decrease in Ṁ. Conclusions: Our results also suggest that radial pulsation modes with periods longer than 6 days might be responsible for the wind variability in the mid/late-type. These radial modes might be identified with strange modes, which are known to facilitate (enhanced) mass loss. On the other hand, we propose that the wind behaviour of stars on the cool side of the bi-stability jump could fit with predictions of the δ-slow hydrodynamics solution for radiation-driven winds with highly variable ionization.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Mass mortality of seabirds in the aftermath of the Prestige oil spill

In the winter of 2002–03 the Prestige tanker spilled 60,000 tons of oil over the northern half ofthe Iberian Coastal Large Marine Ecosystem (northern Portugal to France). Most (c. 85%) of the 22,981 oiledseabirds reported were alcids (i.e., auks): Common Murres (Uria aalge), Razorbills (Alca torda) and AtlanticPuffins (Fratercula arctica). Here we estimated the mortality of alcids in Galicia (northwestern Spain), thearea that received most of the Prestige oil and where half of the oiled seabirds were collected. We performedthree experiments that included: (1) a test of several drift block models in open sea, to select the one thatbest fitted the drift of alcid carcasses; (2) the release of 450 drift blocks at 9 offshore points to assess therecovery rate of oiled alcids and its spatial variation; (3) the assessment of beach survey effort and thedetectability of drift blocks. Mean mortality estimates and their bootstrapped confidence intervals wereobtained through an estimation model that established: (1) a temporal limit of 23 days to block drifting; (2)spatial differences in the recovery rates of blocks depending on how far away from the coast they werereleased; (3) a correction factor accounting for detectability, and (4) the distribution pattern of the threealcid species involved according to three distance classes, based on ship surveys. The Prestige oil spill, interms of acute seabird mortality, was one of the worst oil spills ever reported worldwide. Compared toother major oil spills the estimated mortality for the Prestige oil spill was higher than expected from thenumber of carcasses retrieved. We recommend that drift block assessments of seabird mortality should beincluded in contingency response plans to oil pollution emergencies; therefore, a supply of drift-blocksdesigned to mimic the drifting behavior of the marine bird species of interests should be at handFunds were partially provided by Spanish Ministry of Science (ref. VEM2003‐20052) and Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (ref. 079/2009). The means for aerial block release in Galicia were provided by Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Xunta de GaliciaS

Wind properties of variable B supergiants : Evidence of pulsations connected with mass-loss episodes

Context. Variable B supergiants (BSGs) constitute a heterogeneous group of stars with complex photometric and spectroscopic behaviours. They exhibit mass-loss variations and experience different types of oscillation modes, and there is growing evidence that variable stellar winds and photospheric pulsations are closely related. Aims: To discuss the wind properties and variability of evolved B-type stars, we derive new stellar and wind parameters for a sample of 19 Galactic BSGs by fitting theoretical line profiles of H, He, and Si to the observed ones and compare them with previous determinations. Methods: The synthetic line profiles are computed with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmosphere code FASTWIND, with a β-law for hydrodynamics. Results: The mass-loss rate of three stars has been obtained for the first time. The global properties of stellar winds of mid/late B supergiants are well represented by a β-law with β > 2. All stars follow the known empirical wind momentum-luminosity relationships, and the late BSGs show the trend of the mid BSGs. HD 75149 and HD 99953 display significant changes in the shape and intensity of the Hα line (from a pure absorption to a P Cygni profile, and vice versa). These stars have mass-loss variations of almost a factor of 2.8. A comparison among mass-loss rates from the literature reveals discrepancies of a factor of 1 to 7. This large variation is a consequence of the uncertainties in the determination of the stellar radius. Therefore, for a reliable comparison of these values we used the invariant parameter Qr. Based on this parameter, we find an empirical relationship that associates the amplitude of mass-loss variations with photometric/spectroscopic variability on timescales of tens of days. We find that stars located on the cool side of the bi-stability jump show a decrease in the ratio V∞/Vesc, while their corresponding mass-loss rates are similar to or lower than the values found for stars on the hot side. Particularly, for those variable stars a decrease in V∞/Vesc is accompanied by a decrease in Ṁ. Conclusions: Our results also suggest that radial pulsation modes with periods longer than 6 days might be responsible for the wind variability in the mid/late-type. These radial modes might be identified with strange modes, which are known to facilitate (enhanced) mass loss. On the other hand, we propose that the wind behaviour of stars on the cool side of the bi-stability jump could fit with predictions of the δ-slow hydrodynamics solution for radiation-driven winds with highly variable ionization.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

Entacapone potentiates the long-duration response but does not normalize levodopa-induced molecular changes

El pdf del artículo es el manuscrito de autor.Coadministration of entacapone with levodopa attenuates motor complications in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying entacapone effects are unknown. We investigated the effect of entacapone, on: long-duration response (LDR) to levodopa, levodopa-induced postsynaptic pharmacodynamic mechanisms and molecular changes in hemiparkinsonian rats. 6-Hydroxydopamine-unilaterally lesioned rats were treated with levodopa (25 mg/kg) + vehicle; levodopa + entacapone (30 mg/kg) or saline, twice daily for 22 days. The LDR and the apomorphine-induced rotations were measured. In situ hybridization was performed measuring the expression of striatal preproenkephalin, preprodynorphin and dopamine D-3 receptor mRNAs, subthalamic cytochrome oxidase mRNA and nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA. Entacapone potentiated the LDR but did not modify either the apomorphine-induced rotational behavior or the molecular changes. Our results suggest that the effects of entacapone on levodopa-induced motor response are not mediated by postsynaptic mechanisms and that administration of entacapone is not able to normalize the molecular alterations induced by levodopa in the basal ganglia.This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from Novartis-Orion Pharma (Barcelona, Spain). JAO serves as external adviser for Novartis Pharmaceutical (Barcelona, Spain). EA is partially financed by the program: Ayudas para Contratos de Apoyo a la Investigación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo of the Spanish Government.Peer reviewe

DNAM-1 and the TIGIT/PVRIG/TACTILE Axis: Novel Immune Checkpoints for Natural Killer Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune response characterized by their role in the destruction of tumor cells. Activation of NK cells depend on a fine balance between activating and inhibitory signals mediated by different receptors. In recent years, a family of paired receptors that interact with ligands of the Nectin/Nectin-like (Necl) family has attracted great interest. Two of these ligands, Necl-5 (usually termed CD155 or PVR) and Nectin-2 (CD112), frequently expressed on different types of tumor cells, are recognized by a group of receptors expressed on T and NK cells that exert opposite functions after interacting with their ligands. These receptors include DNAM-1 (CD226), TIGIT, TACTILE (CD96) and the recently described PVRIG. Whereas activation through DNAM-1 after recognition of CD155 or CD112 enhances NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against a wide range of tumor cells, TIGIT recognition of these ligands exerts an inhibitory effect on NK cells by diminishing IFN-γ production, as well as NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PVRIG has also been identified as an inhibitory receptor that recognizes CD112 but not CD155. However, little is known about the role of TACTILE as modulator of immune responses in humans. TACTILE control of tumor growth and metastases has been reported in murine models, and it has been suggested that it negatively regulates the anti-tumor functions mediated by DNAM-1. In NK cells from patients with solid cancer and leukemia, it has been observed a decreased expression of DNAM-1 that may shift the balance in favor to the inhibitory receptors TIGIT or PVRIG, further contributing to the diminished NK cell-mediated cytotoxic capacity observed in these patients. Analysis of DNAM-1, TIGIT, TACTILE and PVRIG on human NK cells from solid cancer or leukemia patients will clarify the role of these receptors in cancer surveillance. Overall, it can be speculated that in cancer patients the TIGIT/PVRIG pathways are upregulated and represent novel targets for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy