Eucalyptus sp. seedling response to potassium fertilization and soil water.

A considerable portion of Brazil‘s commercial eucalypt plantations is located in areas subjected to periods of water deficit and grown in soils with low natural fertility, particularly poor in potassium. Potassium is influential in controlling water relations of plants. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of potassium fertilization and soil water potential (Ψw) on the dry matter production and on water relations of eucalypt seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. The experimental units were arranged in 4x4x2 randomized blocks factorial design, as follow: four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla), four dosages of K (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm-3) and two soil water potentials (-0.01MPa and -0.1 MPa). Plastic containers with 15 cm diameter and 18 cm height, with Styrofoam base, containing 3.0 dm3 of soil and two plants per container were used. Soil water potential was kept at –0.01MPa for 40 days after seeding. Afterward, the experimental units were divided into two groups: in one group the potential was kept at -0.01MPa, and in the other one, at -0.10 MPa. Soil water potential was controlled gravimetrically twice a day with water replacement until the desired potential was reestablished. A week before harvesting, the leaf water potential (Ψ), the photosynthetic rate (A), the stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate were evaluated. The last week before harvesting, the mass of the containers was recorded daily before watering to determine the consumption of water by the plants. After harvesting, total dry matter and leaf area were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, to Tukey's tests and regression analyses. The application of K influenced A, gs and the transpiration rate. Plants deficient in K showed lower A and higher gs and transpiration rates. There were no statistical differences in A, gs and transpiration rates in plants with and without water deficit. The addition of K reduced the consumption of water per unit of leaf area and, in general, plants submitted to water deficit presented a lower consumption of water.A considerable portion of Brazil‘s commercial eucalypt plantations is located in areas subjected to periods of water deficit and grown in soils with low natural fertility, particularly poor in potassium. Potassium is influential in controlling water relations of plants. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of potassium fertilization and soil water potential (Ψw) on the dry matter production and on water relations of eucalypt seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. The experimental units were arranged in 4x4x2 randomized blocks factorial design, as follow: four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla), four dosages of K (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm-3) and two soil water potentials (-0.01MPa and -0.1 MPa). Plastic containers with 15 cm diameter and 18 cm height, with Styrofoam base, containing 3.0 dm3 of soil and two plants per container were used. Soil water potential was kept at -0.01MPa for 40 days after seeding. Afterward, the experimental units were divided into two groups: in one group the potential was kept at -0.01MPa, and in the other one, at -0.10 MPa. Soil water potential was controlled gravimetrically twice a day with water replacement until the desired potential was reestablished. A week before harvesting, the leaf water potential (Ψ), the photosynthetic rate (A), the stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate were evaluated. The last week before harvesting, the mass of the containers was recorded daily before watering to determine the consumption of water by the plants. After harvesting, total dry matter and leaf area were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, to Tukey's tests and regression analyses. The application of K influenced A, gs and the transpiration rate. Plants deficient in K showed lower A and higher gs and transpiration rates. There were no statistical differences in A, gs and transpiration rates in plants with and without water deficit. The addition of K reduced the consumption of water per unit of leaf area and, in general, plants submitted to water deficit presented a lower consumption of water

Fertilização e recipientes na produção de mudas e sobrevivência pós plantio de Schizolobium parahyba

Fertilization in the production of forest seedlings can vary according to the substrate, container and fertilizer used in the nursery. Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) can be applied to reduce or even to eliminate the need for top-dress fertilization. The CRF doses can vary according to the container volume, considering the different amount of substrate available for seedlings in different containers. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Schizolobium parahyba seedlings produced in plastic tubes of 110 and 280 cm3, with different doses of CRF (15-09-12) (0, 3, 6 e 12 kg m-3), as well as the seedlings survival and the initial growth after post-planting in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro state. The study was conducted using a factorial design 2 x 4 (tube volumes x CRF doses), with five repetitions for each treatment. As substrate it was used sewage sludge from urban areas, which was dried in open air beds. The growth of seedlings at nursery was evaluated at 93 days after the transplant, and the survival and initial growth at five and twelve months after planting. The Schizolobium parahyba seedlings showed higher growth in 280 cm3 tubes and responded positively to the CRF application, where the most efficient dose was 8.3 kg cm3 for this plastic tube. Twelve months after planting, seedlings from all treatments showed survival below 80%, being under the standard recommended for forest restoration. The mortality of seedlings occurred in consequence of five months of water deficit in a sandy clay loam soil. Considering only nursery data, the combination of 280 cm3 plastic tubes, with the CRF dose of 8.3 kg cm3 are recommended to produce Schizolobium parahyba seedlings.A fertilização na produção de mudas florestais é variável de acordo com o substrato, recipiente e o tipo de fertilizante utilizados. O fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC) pode ser utilizado visando diminuir ou mesmo eliminar a necessidade de fertilização de cobertura. A dose de FLC aplicada pode variar de acordo com o volume do recipiente, considerando a quantidade de substrato disponível para as mudas em diferentes recipientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Schizolobium parahyba produzidas com tubetes de 110 e 280 cm3 em doses crescentes de FLC (15-09-12) (0, 3, 6 e 12 kg m-3), bem como seu crescimento inicial e sobrevivência após plantio na região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi conduzido em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4 (recipientes x doses de FLC) com 5 repetições para cada tratamento. Como substrato foi utilizado lodo de esgoto de áreas urbanas, submetido a secagem em leitos ao ar livre. O crescimento das mudas no viveiro foi avaliado aos 93 dias após a repicagem e a sobrevivência e crescimento inicial em campo aos 5 e 12 meses após o plantio. As mudas de Schizolobium parahyba apresentaram maior crescimento em tubetes de 280 cm3 e responderam positivamente à aplicação de FLC, sendo que a dose de máxima eficiência técnica foi de 8,3 kg cm3 para esse tubete. Aos 12 meses após o plantio, mudas de todos os tratamentos apresentaram sobrevivência menor que 80%, ficando abaixo do recomendado para plantios de restauração florestal. A mortalidade das mudas ocorreu devido a cinco meses de déficit hídrico em solo argilo-arenoso. Considerando apenas os dados de viveiro, a combinação de tubete de 280 cm3, com a dose de FLC de 8,3 kg m-3 são recomendados para produção de mudas de Schizolobium parahyba

ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA DE DOIS BAIRROS DO MUNICIPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO POR MEIO DO GEOPROCESSAMENTO

Inventários da arborização urbana com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento são práticas fundamentais e atuais para o patrimônio arbóreo das cidades. Objetivou-se caracterizar e avaliar parâmetros quali-quantitativos do censo das árvores das ruas do bairro Grajaú e compará-los com as árvores do bairro Centro, ambos no município do Rio de Janeiro, com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. A arborização das ruas do bairro Grajaú comparada ao Centro apresentou maior número de árvores (2.719 x 2.693, respectivamente) e diversidade de espécies (82 x 50, respectivamente). As dez espécies de maior frequência representaram 73 e 83% do total de espécies, e seis delas foram similares nos dois bairros. No bairro Grajaú, as árvores mais frequentes apresentam ampla distribuição, exceto as espécies Tamarindus indica e Licania tomentosa; assim como Licania tomentosa é predominante no Centro. No bairro Grajaú 150 árvores apresentaram lesões causadas pelo cancro, e no Centro 53 árvores. Árvores com cavidade igual e maior a 30% da circunferência foram representadas em 70,3% pela espécie Tamarindus indica no Grajaú e 80,9% por Licania tomentosa no Centro. Com a espacialização dos indivíduos foi possível observar como são distribuídas e onde estão localizados os problemas, auxiliando no planejamento e manejo da arborização urbana

Área foliar de mudas de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) estimada por diferentes métodos: uma análise comparativa

Leaf area (LA) determination of the crops is a parameter indicative of growth and yield, and precise and accurate methods for its estimation are very important. Urucum (Bixa orellana L.) is an arboreal species, native to the Amazon Rainforest and Atlantic Forest, with economic importance due to its natural dye seed extracts. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare different methods for LA determination in Urucum seedlings. To do so, the planimetric method was considered the standard method and its equivalence to the method based in leaf size parameters — length (L) and width (W) — and the scanner method were tested. In the method based in leaf size parameters, the f of 0.64 was previously adjusted for the annatto by regression analysis between LA and the C xL product. In the scanner method, the ImageJ app was used to determine the LA. Linear regression without intercept between LA through the standard method and LA estimated through each alternative method was used to check the conformity between the results. Leaf size and scanner methods were equivalent to the standard method (5% error probability) and equivalent to each other (1% error probability). Thus, these methods can be reliably used for estimating the Urucum leaf area. However, the dimension method has practical advantages compared to the others as it is a non-destructive method.A determinação da área foliar (AF) das culturas é um parâmetro indicativo do crescimento e da produtividade, sendo a busca por métodos precisos e exatos para a sua estimativa de extrema importância. O urucum (Bixa orellana L.) é uma espécie arbórea nativa da Floresta Amazônica e da Mata Atlântica, cuja importância econômica está relacionada ao corante natural extraído de suas sementes. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou comparar diferentes métodos para determinação da AF em mudas de urucum. Para isso, o método planimétrico foi considerado padrão e, com base nele, testou-se a equivalência em relação aos métodos das dimensões foliares — comprimento (C) e largura (L) — e ao scanner. No método das dimensões foliares o fator de forma (f) de 0,64 foi ajustado previamente para o urucum por meio da análise de regressão entre AF e o produto C x L. No método do scanner, utilizou-se o aplicativo ImageJ para determinar a AF. A regressão linear sem intercepto entre AF do método padrão e AF estimada por cada método alternativo foi utilizada para verificar a concordância dos resultados. Os métodos das dimensões foliares e do scanner foram equivalentes ao método padrão (5% de probabilidade de erro) e equivalentes entre si (1% de probabilidade de erro). Assim, verificou-se que esses métodos podem ser empregados com segurança na estimativa da área foliar do urucum. Contudo, o método das dimensões apresenta vantagens práticas em relação aos outros por ser não destrutivo

O perfil clínico do paciente asmático: uma abordagem fisiopatológica: The clinical profile of the asthmatic patient: a pathophysiological approach

O objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever através da revisão de literatura de modo narrativo as principais considerações clínicas da asma. Foram incluídos artigos na categoria original, disponibilizados na íntegra, publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, durante os últimos 5 anos. Dos 250 estudos identificados, 13 foram eleitos. A asma é um distúrbio inflamatório crônico das vias respiratórias relacionado ao agrupamento de células inflamatórias e com o início de manifestações clínicas como o sibilo, aperto no peito, falta de ar e tosse. Geralmente, a obstrução ao fluxo aéreo não é total e é reversível de modo espontâneo e/ou com a terapêutica. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de literatura fundamentada nas renomadas plataformas de pesquisa, utilizando como descritores: asthma, health e obstruction. Diante o levantamento de dados, elucida-se que a asma é uma condição de intensa repercussão clínica para a saúde pública, a qual é crucial efetivar o diagnóstico precoce e diferencial de modo preciso para se manejar a terapêutica ideal para cada caso.&nbsp

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

Resumo não disponíve

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection