15 research outputs found
Physical activities at work and risk of musculoskeletal pain and its consequences: protocol for a study with objective field measures among blue-collar workers
Lifshitz-Slyozov kinetics of a nonconserved system that separates into phases of different density
Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project
Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked
to childhood-onset asthma, although evidence is still insufficient.
Within the multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A
Study in Europe (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term
exposures to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in
adults.
Methods: We pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with
information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of
air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land-use regression
models at participants’ baseline residential addresses. Associations of
air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox
proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: Of 98326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a mean
follow-up of 16.6 years. We observed associations in fully adjusted
models with hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI 1.04-1.43) per 5 mu g.m(-3)
for PM2.5, 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.25) per 10 mu g.m(-3) for NO2 and 1.15
(95% CI 1.08-1.23) per 0.5 x 10(-5) m(-1) for BC. Hazard ratios were
larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the European Union
and US limit values and possibly World Health Organization guidelines
for PM2.5 and NO2. NO 2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in
two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas PM2.5 estimates were attenuated
to unity. The concentration-response curves showed no evidence of a
threshold.
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil
fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with
adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values
Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been
classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have
explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult
cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the
“Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE)
project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to
2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate
matter with diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), warm-season
ozone (O-3), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron,
zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated
by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants’
residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution
and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting
for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline,
512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We
observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95%
confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 mu g/m(3)), PM2.5 (1.12,
0.92-1.36 per 5 mu g/m(3)), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10(-5)/m)
and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in
two-pollutant models with PM2.5. Most components of PM2.5 were
associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest
associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment
for PM2.5 or NO2. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may
increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current
EU standards
Impact of fish density and specific water flow on skin properties in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolts
Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the “Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), warm-season ozone (O3), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 μg/m3), PM2.5 (1.12, 0.92-1.36 per 5 μg/m3), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10−5/m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in two-pollutant models with PM2.5. Most components of PM2.5 were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM2.5 or NO2. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards