Basic life support training in school centres

Children are considered an interesting target group to train in BLS. Their training should provide the guarantee to secure a large number of future rescuers for the community. As well, schools have been pointed out as a perfect environment to start BLS training. In fact, school training has the highest impact for improving the bystander CPR rate. Even though it is not clear which professionals are more suitable for teaching schoolchildren, the inclusion of schoolteachers as a key element of BLS training has been endorsed by international initiatives like Kids Save Lives and nationals ones as ANXOS. The main objectives of this research are: 1. To analyse the ability of primary and secondary schoolchildren to use an AED correctly in less than 3 minutes intuitively, after viewing a short instructional video and one-month after instruction. 2. To assess the usefulness of very brief BLS training programs to improve CPR-AED knowledge and skills of university educational science students

Proyecto constructivo de 6 viviendas, 2 locales y aparcamientos en Cuéllar (Segovia)

Se redacta el presente Proyecto Básico y de Ejecución de un Edificio de 6 viviendas, 2 locales comerciales y aparcamientos. Las obras proyectadas son de promoción privada. Además de las características físicas del terreno, no existen otros condicionantes de partida en el diseño del edificio que las propias consideraciones funcionales de un programa de edificio residencial, a petición de la propiedad. El terreno, solar sobre el que se proyecta construir el edificio de referencia se encuentra situado en el núcleo urbano de la localidad,Cuéllar (Segovia)c/ Nueva ,4 entre medianeras. Tiene una forma poligonal regular y una topografía con un pequeño desnivel. Tiene un acceso peatonal desde la calle Nueva orientada a Suroeste

Can a voice assistant help bystanders save lives? A feasibility pilot study chatbot in beta version to assist OHCA bystanders

Objective: Evaluating the usefulness of a chat bot as an assistant during CPR care by laypersons. Methods: Twenty-one university graduates and university students naive in basic life support participated in this quasi-experimental simulation pilot trial. A version beta chatbot was designed to guide potential bystanders who need help in caring for cardiac arrest victims. Through a Question-Answering (Q&A) flowchart, the chatbot uses Voice Recognition Techniques to transform the user's audio into text. After the transformation, it generates the answer to provide the necessary help through machine and deep learning algorithms. A simulation test with a Laerdal Little Anne manikin was performed. Participants initiated the chatbot, which guided them through the recognition of a cardiac arrest event. After recognizing the cardiac arrest, the chatbot indicated the start of chest compressions for 2 min. Evaluation of the cardiac arrest recognition sequence was done via a checklist and the quality of CPR was collected with the Laerdal Instructor App. Results: 91% of participants were able to perform the entire sequence correctly. All participants checked the safety of the scene and made sure to call 112. 62% place their hands on the correct compression point. A media time of 158 s (IQR: 146–189) was needed for the whole process. 33% of participants achieved high-quality CPR with a median of 60% in QCPR (IQR: 9–86). Compression depth had a median of 42 mm (IQR: 33–53) and compression rate had a median of 100 compressions/min (IQR: 97–100). Conclusion: The use of a voice assistant could be useful for people with no previous training to perform de out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition sequence. Chatbot was able to guide all participants to call 112 and to perform continuous chest compressions. The first version of the chatbot for potential bystanders naive in basic life support needs to be further developed to reduce response times and be more effective in giving feedback on chest compressionsS

Precipitación ácida en la ciudad de Campana

El trabajo presentado se basa en la medición de la acidez del agua de lluvia y la posibilidad de relacionarla con el monitoreo de los contaminantes gaseosos Dióxido de Azufre y Óxidos de Nitrógeno en la ciudad de Campana. Para la medición de acidez, luego de logradas las muestras, éstas fueron congeladas para posteriormente realizar las correspondientes mediciones de pH con peachímetro digital; en lo que respecta a los contaminantes gaseosos se han utilizado equipos de diseño propio basados en normas ASTM (1) destacando que para el contaminante Dióxido de Azufre se utilizó el método de referencia de la U.S.E.P.A. (2), siendo ambos métodos activos en fase húmeda. Todas las muestras fueron tomadas durante el año 1997 en dos zonas, una ubicada frente a una importante zona industrial densamente poblada y la restante cercana a otra zona industrial, distante pocos metros de la ruta nacional No 12. Los valores obtenidos de agua de lluvia son marcadamente ácidos, y si bien consideramos que sería necesario realizar un estudio más profundo para relacionar picos de contaminantes gaseosos con picos de lluvia ácida, nuestro estudio de una extensión de seis meses permitió verificar que tales valores ácidos tienen relación con los obtenidos de ambos contaminantes gaseosos que contribuyen a la precipitación ácida.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Assessment of over-the-head resuscitation method in an inflatable rescue boat sailing at full speed. A non-inferiority pilot study

Introduction: Drowning is a public health problem. Interrupting the drowning process as soon as possible and starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve survival rates. Inflatable rescue boats (IRBs) are widely used worldwide to rescue drowning victims. Performing CPR in special circumstances requires adjusting the position based on the environment and space available. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of over-the-head resuscitation performed by rescuers aboard an IRB in comparison to standard CPR.Methods: A quasi-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. Ten professional rescuers performed 1 min of simulated CPR on a QCPR Resuscy Anne manikin (Laerdal, Norway) sailing at 20 knots using two different techniques: 1) standard CPR (S-CPR) and 2) over-the-head CPR (OTH-CPR). Data were recorded through the APP QCPR Training (Laerdal, Norway).Results: The quality of CPR was similar between S-CPR (61%) and OTH-CPR (66%), with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.585). Both the percentage of compressions and the percentage of correct ventilations did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between the techniques.Conclusion: The rescuers can perform CPR maneuvers with acceptable quality in the IRB. The OTH-CPR technique did not show inferiority compared to S-CPR, making it a viable alternative when boat space or rescue conditions do not allow the conventional technique to be performed.Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Schoolteachers as candidates to be basic life support trainers: A simulation trial

Background: The aim was to assess future schoolteachers’ basic life support (BLS) knowledge and willingness to include this content in school lessons. The aim was also to determine the learning effect of a brief BLS hands-on training session, supported by real-time feedback. Methods: A convenience sample of 98 University students of Educational Sciences and Sports were recruited. The training program consisted of brief theoretical and hands-on interactive sessions with a 2/10 instructor/participants ratio. Knowledge and willingness was assessed by means of a survey. Chest compressions (CC) and ventilation quality were registered in 47 cases during 1 min cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tests. Results: Fifty-eight percent of subjects declared to know how to perform CPR, 62% knew the correct chest compression/ventilation ratio but only one in four knew the CC quality standards. Eighty-eight percent knew what an automated external defibrillator (AED) was; willingness to use the device improved from 70% to 98% after training. Almost half of CCs were performed atan adequate rate. Men performed deeper compressions than women (56.1 ± 4.03 mm vs. 52.17 ± 5.51 mm, p = 0.007), but in both cases the mean value was within recommendations. Full chest recoil was better in women (72.2 ± 32.8% vs. 45.4 ± 32.9%, p = 0.009). All CCs were delivered with correct hand positions. Conclusions: Brief hands-on training supported by real-time feedback of CPR quality helps future schoolteachers improve their knowledge, self-confidence and CPR skills. BLS training should be implemented in University curricula for schoolteachers in order to promote their engagement in effective BLS training of schoolchildren.S

Comparative study of extracellular recording methods for analysis of afferent sensory information: Empirical modeling, data analysis and interpretation

Background: Physiological studies of sensorial systems often require the acquisition and processing of data extracted from their multiple components to evaluate how the neural information changes in relation to the environment changes. In this work, a comparative study about methodological aspects of two electrophysiological approaches is described. New method: Extracellular recordings from deep vibrissal nerves were obtained by using a customized microelectrode Utah array during passive mechanical stimulation of rat´s whiskers. These recordings were compared with those obtained with bipolar electrodes. We also propose here a simplified empirical model of the electrophysiological activity obtained from a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers. Results: The peripheral activity of the vibrissal system was characterized through the temporal and spectral features obtained with both recording methods. The empirical model not only allows the correlation between anatomical structures and functional features, but also allows to predict changes in the CAPs morphology when the arrangement and the geometry of the electrodes changes. Comparison with existing method(s): This study compares two extracellular recording methods based on analysis techniques, empirical modeling and data processing of vibrissal sensory information. Conclusions: This comparative study reveals a close relationship between the electrophysiological techniques and the processing methods necessary to extract sensory information. This relationship is the result of maximizing the extraction of information from recordings of sensory activity.Fil: Farfan, Fernando Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Bioingeniería. Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases; ArgentinaFil: Soto Sanchez, Cristina. Universidad de Miguel Hernández; España. Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina; EspañaFil: Pizá, Alvaro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Bioingeniería. Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases; ArgentinaFil: Albarracin, Ana Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Bioingeniería. Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases; ArgentinaFil: Soletta, Jorge Humberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Bioingeniería. Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases; ArgentinaFil: Lucianna, Facundo Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Bioingeniería. Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Esteve. Universidad de Miguel Hernández; España. Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina; Españ

Schoolteachers as candidates to be basic life support trainers: A simulation trial

Background: The aim was to assess future schoolteachers’ basic life support (BLS) knowledge and willingness to include this content in school lessons. The aim was also to determine the learning effect of a brief BLS hands-on training session, supported by real-time feedback. Methods: A convenience sample of 98 University students of Educational Sciences and Sports were recruited. The training program consisted of brief theoretical and hands-on interactive sessions with a 2/10 instructor/participants ratio. Knowledge and willingness was assessed by means of a survey. Chest compressions (CC) and ventilation quality were registered in 47 cases during 1 min cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tests. Results: Fifty-eight percent of subjects declared to know how to perform CPR, 62% knew the correct chest compression/ventilation ratio but only one in four knew the CC quality standards. Eighty-eight percent knew what an automated external defibrillator (AED) was; willingness to use the device improved from 70% to 98% after training. Almost half of CCs were performed atan adequate rate. Men performed deeper compressions than women (56.1 ± 4.03 mm vs. 52.17 ± 5.51 mm, p = 0.007), but in both cases the mean value was within recommendations. Full chest recoil was better in women (72.2 ± 32.8% vs. 45.4 ± 32.9%, p = 0.009). All CCs were delivered with correct hand positions. Conclusions: Brief hands-on training supported by real-time feedback of CPR quality helps future schoolteachers improve their knowledge, self-confidence and CPR skills. BLS training should be implemented in University curricula for schoolteachers in order to promote their engagement in effective BLS training of schoolchildren

Investigaciones arqueométricas en las cuevas de Ardales y Las Palomas de Teba (Comarca del Guadalteba, Málaga)

We have performed a Raman miscroscopic analysis of a series of prehistoric artifacs found inside the Ardales Cave (Ardales, Málaga, Spain), such as a number of fixed and portable fat-burning stone lamps, some lithic tools and wall paintings, by means of either a portable Raman spectrometer for in situ studies in the field or bench-top Raman spectrometers and Raman microscopes in the laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy at the Central Building of Scientific Facilities of the University of Málaga (SCAI, UMA).We have performed a Raman miscroscopic analysis of a series of prehistoric artifacs found inside the Ardales Cave (Ardales, Málaga, Spain), such as a number of fixed and portable fat-burning stone lamps, some lithic tools and wall paintings, by means of either a portable Raman spectrometer for in situ studies in the field or bench-top Raman spectrometers and Raman microscopes in the laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy at the Central Building of Scientific Facilities of the University of Málaga (SCAI, UMA).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech