Digital and Mobile Security for Mexican Journalists and Bloggers

A new survey of 102 journalists and bloggers in 20 Mexican states shows nearly 70 percent have been threatened or have suffered attacks because of their work. In addition, 96 percent say they know of colleagues who have been attacked. Respondents to the survey also say they view cyber-espionage and email-account cracking as the most serious digital risks they face. And while nearly all have access to and rely on the Internet, social networks, mobile phones and blogging platforms for their work, they also admit that they have little or no command of digital security tools such as encryption, use of virtual private networks (VPNs), anonymous Internet navigation and secure file removal. The results of this survey show the urgent need to introduce Mexican journalists and bloggers to new technologies and protocols and help newsrooms develop a culture of digital-security awareness to counter increasingly sophisticated threats and attacks from both governmental agencies and criminal organizations

Nuevos elementos para la reflexión metodológica en sociología : del debate cuantitativo/cualitativo al dato complejo

El artículo aborda la problemática metodológica en sociología en torno al «eterno debate cuantitativo/cualitativo», desde una nueva perspectiva: la de la complejidad. Se trata de reavivarlo y reclamar su presencia permanente como telón de fondo de la «investigación normal » de lo social, si sirve el símil kuhniano. Todo ello debe proporcionar nuevos elementos de reflexión a este debate y servir de primera aproximación que, a la luz de concepciones alternativas, nos acerque a una metodología más flexible y realista. Así, y al hilo de las ideas derivadas de la perspectiva de la complejidad y junto a principios científicos como los de indeterminación efectiva, indecibilidad, imprecisión..., se presenta una orientación metodológica que pretende superar, más que integrar, la dualidad de enfoques metodológicos en sociología. Una orientación tal, concebida a su vez como sistema complejo adaptativo, se estructura en torno al dato complejo, como elemento central del flujo de información de éste y mediador entre teoría y empiria.This article focuses on the sociological quantitative/qualitative dilemma form a new perspective: the complexity. The goal of this article es to provide new elements for a more flexible and creative methodology. Following this paradigm of complexity (along with other such as effective uncertainty, incompleteness, chaos, etc...), it is showed a methodological orientation in order to surpass the methodological duality approach in Sociology. This methodology is understood as a Adaptative Complex System, having the complex data as the central element of it, and as mediator between theory and empireia

Generation of Synthetic Solar Images with GANs

This works presents an alternative solution to the already existing physical simulations for the Sun's photosphere which are used to output a single tex- ture image from the Sun's surface. This simulations are slow and require huge computational power, a cheaper alternative in time and resources is introduced. Architectures for a Generative Adversarial Network and a Variational Au- toeconder are considered and trained in the generation of small image tiles (128x128px) that resemble the surface of the Sun around an area of approxi- mately 2:62 107km2 which with the proposed method can be composed into an image of arbitrarily any size given enough tiles. Di erent architectures along with ne tuning is used to obtain the best net- work possible in both cases. Their results are compared, but the Generative Adversarial Network shows a powerful improvement on the generation of said tiles compared to the Variational Autoencoder. Lastly some methodologies for stitching together the generated tiles are pre- sented including a technique that uses a Genetic Algorithm approach to modify the generated tiles

¿Son válidos los argumentos evolutivos desacreditadores subproductistas de Dennett contra la racionalidad del teísmo?

Recently, the cognitive science of religion has allowed the development of evo­lutionary debunking arguments, which seek to challenge not only rationality but the truth of theism. Since there are two ways of conceiving epistemic rationality and justification, viz., the internalist and the externalist, one may wonder ¿how such ar­guments affect theism? The purpose of this article is to answer this question through a reconstruction and evaluation of three evolutionary debunking arguments against the rationality of theism that Dennett would hold. I will argue that only one of the three Dennett’s evolutionary debunking arguments is possibly valid. I will also show that the argument of cognitive bias is probably successful in undermining both the internalist and externalist justification of theism, under certain conditions. Finally, I will show that this arguments can be indirectly disproved from evolutionary argument against naturalism developped by Plantinga, argument to which one can counterpose logical defeater argument against the reformed epistemology.Recientemente la ciencia cognitiva de la religión ha permitido desarrollar argu­mentos evolutivos desacreditadores, los cuales buscan poner en entredicho no solo la racionalidad sino la verdad del teísmo. Dado que hay dos formas de concebir la racionalidad y la justificación epistémicas, a saber, la internalista y la externalista, cabe preguntarse ¿de qué modo tales argumentos afectan al teísmo? El objetivo de este artículo es responder a esta cuestión mediante una reconstrucción y evaluación de tres argumentos evolutivos desacreditadores subproductistas contra la racionalidad del teísmo que Dennett sostendría. Sostendré que solo uno de los tres argumentos de Dennett es posiblemente válido. Igualmente, mostraré que el argumento adicional del sesgo cognitivo es probablemente exitoso en socavar la justificación internalista y externalista del teísmo. Finalmente, mostraré que estos argumentos evolutivos desa­creditadores pueden ser invalidados indirectamente a partir del argumento evolutivo desacreditador en contra del naturalismo desarrollado por Plantinga, al cual se le puede contraponer el argumento lógico cancelador de la epistemología reformada

Virtualisation of the test environment for signalling

ERTMS is a well-known, well-performing technology applied all over the world but it still lacks flexibility when it comes to authorisation and certification procedures. The key of its success in the future lies as much in cost reduction as in simplification of placing in service procedures. This holds true for the implementation of a new subsystem and even more so for new software releases related to subsystems already in service. Currently the placing in service process of ETCS components and subsystems requires a large amount of tests due to the complexity of the signalling systems and the different engineering rules applied. The S2R Multi-Annual Action Plan states that the effort and time consumption of these onsite tests are at least 30% for any particular project. VITE research project (VIrtualisation of the Test Environment) aims at reducing these onsite tests to a minimum while ensuring that laboratory tests can serve as evidence for valid system behaviour and are accepted by all stakeholders involved in the placing in service process. This paper presents the first VITE results

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fístulas rectales complejas usando la técnica de transposición de músculo gracilis

Las fístulas son uniones anormales entre un órgano, un vaso o el intestino y otra estructura. Las fístulas entre el recto y la uretra o entre el recto y la vagina, tienen diferentes etiologías, raramente son congénitas, en la mayoría de casos son adquiridas como resultado de infección, inflamación, neoplasia, trauma o iatrogenia después de radioterapia y cirugía pélvica como en el cáncer de próstata. Los principales síntomas que obligan al paciente a consultar son el escurrimiento persistente de pus o líquido sero- hemático, orina o materia fecal por el orificio externo de la fístula. Diversos procedimientos quirúrgicos para el reparo de estas fístulas han sido utilizados, entre estos la derivación fecal, el reparo primario, el FLAP de avance endorectal todos con diversas tasas de recurrencia por lo cual la interposición de tejido sano entre el recto y la uretra o la vagina es necesaria. Entre los tejidos que pueden utilizarse para esta técnica se encuentra el músculo Gracilis que tiene una adecuada longitud, puede rotar fácilmente dentro del periné y proporciona buena vascularización a un tejido irradiado o traumatizado, por lo anterior es una buena alternativa para la corrección de estas fístula

Density matrix renormalization group study of ultrasmall superconducting grains

We apply the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method to the BCS pairing Hamiltonian which describes ultrasmall superconducting grains. Our version of the DMRG uses the particle (hole) states around the Fermi level as the system block (environment). We observed a smooth logarithmic-like crossover between the few electron regime and the BCS-bulk regime. © 1999 The American Physical Society.This work was supported by the DGES Spanish Grants No. PB95-01123 (J. D.) and No. PB97-1190 (G. S.).Peer Reviewe

Promoción de la inversión extranjera en Colombia a través de los contratos de estabilidad jurídica

Artículo de investigaciónEl actual documento presenta el panorama de la actual promoción y protección de la inversión extranjera en Colombia, a través de los denominados contratos de estabilidad jurídica. Estos contratos, encuentran soporte jurídico en el diseño normativo e institucional que se desprende de lo dispuesto en la Ley 963 de 2005, siendo en este sentido la base regulatoria de su implementación y uso en el país.Introducción. 1. La inversión extranjera desde su caracterización jurídica. 2. Protección de las inversiones en Colombia. 2. 1. Instrumentos de estabilización jurídica de la inversión en el caso colombiano. 2.2. El arbitramento en los contratos de estabilidad jurídica celebrados en Colombia. 2.3. Elementos jurídicos de mejora sobre los contratos de estabilidad jurídica en el país. Conclusiones. ReferenciasPregradoAbogad

Potential and constraints for applying the "4 per 1000 Initiative" in the Caribbean: the case of Guadeloupe

This paper assesses the feasibility of the 4 per 1000 initiative for agricultural soils in the tropics more specifically in Guadeloupe, as a representative case study of the Caribbean and other tropical regions. We used a locally adapted and calibrated model describing soil organic carbon dynamics under the impact of climate change and a broad range of scenarios combining increased use of organic amendments, reduced soil tillage, and increased land area for the local market. We found that, in its current state, only 26% of agricultural area could achieve a 4 parts per thousand year(-1) increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the coming 30 years, due mainly to perennial cropping systems (sugarcane, banana, orchards) occupying soils with the lowest SOC stocks. Implementing reduced tillage with increased use of locally produced composts would increase the agricultural area reaching the 4 per 1000 target to 31%. However, at territory scale, all scenarios tested showed an annual decrease in SOC stocks varying from - 0.1 to - 3.2 parts per thousand. The limited area on which the 4 per 1000 target is feasible and generalized SOC losses were mainly linked to the current high SOC stocks in volcanic and calcareous soils on the island and lack of practices capable of further increasing C inputs in current cropping systems. We concluded that C sequestration potential in the Caribbean is rather limited and that increasing SOC stocks, even lower than 4 per 1000, should be the primary target in adaptation to climate change, by increasing the resilience of cropping systems based mainly on SOC-poor soils