Observació i estudis. Productes i usuaris

Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona. Assignatura: Artefactes i usos: disseny inclusiu, Curs: 2022-2023, Coordinador: Miquel Mallol Esquef

Sin / Sense

Sexto desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume

Role of the Extinction Context Depending of the Excitatory Potential of the Extinguished Stimulus

Memoria para optar al título de PsicólogoDos experimentos en ratas evaluaron el potencial inhibitorio de un contexto de extinción y si este disminuye al exponer este contexto durante la extinción, entre presentaciones del estímulo extinguido. En el Experimento 1, los sujetos recibieron presentaciones de 2 claves y un shock en sesiones consecutivas y luego ensayos no reforzados de una de estas en un segundo contexto, con intervalos de 6 s o 600 s. Posteriormente, todos los sujetos recibieron la clave no extinguida en el contexto de extinción y en un contexto neutro para medir la transferencia inhibitoria. Los resultados sugieren que el contexto de extinción se volvió inhibitorio sin importar la cantidad exposición al mismo. El Experimento 2 tuvo un diseño similar al Experimento 1, pero la clave no extinguida fue reforzada posterior a la fase de extinción, con un mayor número de ensayos. Los resultados muestran que el contexto de extinción se comportó como un excitador durante el test de transferencia en ambas condiciones. Estas observaciones resaltan la importancia del estatus asociativo del estímulo extinguido en el potencial asociativo, sea excitatorio o inhibitorio, del contexto de extinciónAbstract Two experiments in rats evaluated the inhibitory potential of an extinction context and if this is affected by context-alone exposure between the presentations of the extinguished stimulus. In Experiment 1, all subjects received presentations of two cues with a shock in separated, consecutive sessions, and then non-reinforced trials with intervals of either 6 or 600 s. Finally, all subjects experienced trials with the non-extinguished cue in the extinction and a neutral, previously exposed context to measure inhibitory transference. The results suggest that the extinction context became a conditioned inhibitor regardless of the amount of exposure to it during the extinction phase. The Experiment 2 had a similar design to Experiment 1, but the non-extinguished cue used in the transference test experienced more acquisition trials and this phase was carried after the extinction phase and not before. The results of this experiment indicate that the extinction context behave as an excitatory stimulus during the transference test in both experimental conditions. These observations highlight the importance of the associative status of the extinguished cue in the excitatory or inhibitory associative potential of the extinction contex

Construcción de Dispositivo de Hardware Libre para Interacción en Entornos 3D

This article presents two models of design and construction of a device for the simulation of the movements and interaction of the upper and lower limbs in three-dimensional environments (Virtual Reality device), through the use of free technologies. The Arduino hardware platform is used as the physical data acquisition center. The selection of sensors and actuators is carried out, as well as an analysis of their feasibility and functionality.En este artículo se presentan dos modelos de diseño y construcción de un dispositivo para la simulación de los movimientos e interacción de los miembros superiores e inferiores en entornos tridimensionales (dispositivo de Realidad Virtual), mediante el uso de tecnologías libres. Se utiliza la plataforma de hardware Arduino como centro de adquisición de datos físicos. Se realiza la selección de sensores y actuadores, así como un análisis de factibilidad y funcionalidad de los mismos

Lung Transplantation in a Patient with COPA Syndrome

COPA syndrome is a newly discovered, rare genetic autoimmune disorder, which can affect the lungs, joints, and kidneys. It is difficult to recognize, and the survival benefit of lung transplantation for these patients is not yet known. We present a case of a 24-year-old woman who received bilateral lung transplant for COPA syndrome. At 15 months posttransplant, her pulmonary function is stable with no episodes of acute cellular- or antibody-mediated rejection and no evidence of disease recurrence

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule on a Lung Cancer Screening CT

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare inflammatory condition that mostly affects lungs in smokers. On imaging, it usually presents as multiple, upper lobe predominant, solid, and cavitary nodules, but presentation as solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is rare. We describe a case of SPN seen on low-dose lung cancer screening CT (LDCT) that was FDG avid on PET/CT. Given concern for malignancy, lobectomy was planned if intraoperative frozen section was consistent with malignancy. Lobectomy was performed based on frozen section; however, on formal pathology review, the nodule was ultimately found to be PLCH. This case illustrates an atypical presentation of PLCH as a solitary nodule. Furthermore, it helps demonstrate how rare etiologies (like PLCH) may be more frequently encountered and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for solitary lung nodules, especially in the era of lung cancer screening

Assessing the blocking of occasion setting

An occasion setter (OS) is a stimulus or context with the capacity to disambiguate an ambiguous conditioned stimulus (CS). Previous research has shown that OSs share some features with regular Pavlovian CSs. Amongst them, research has shown that OSs are subject to blocking; that is, a new OS exerts reduced behavioral control after training in compound with a previously established OS. Of additional interest, in Pavlovian blocking, it has been reported that a blocked CS comes to elicit conditioned responding after the extinction of the blocking CS. This is an example of retrospective revaluation, a family of phenomena in which the response to a specific stimulus is modified by training a related cue. Here, three experiments sought to extend the analogies between OS and Pavlovian conditioning by examining the blocking of OSs and its retrospective revaluation. In all experiments, an OS was established by pairing a CS with food in the presence of the OS, but not in its absence (i.e., positive OS). Blocking was then trained by presenting the OS in compound with a novel OS. Experiment 1 showed blocking of the second OS, but direct exposure to the blocking OS did not enhance responding to the second OS. Experiment 2 replicated the blocking effect but subsequent training of the blocking OS with a reversed contingency showed no retrospective revaluation. Experiment 3 examined whether blocking of the OS occurred with a novel CS during the compound phase. In this experiment blocking was again observed, but only when subjects were tested with the original CS. These results are discussed focusing on the underlying links at work in occasion setting

Transplantation of a three-lobed donor left lung: A case report

A true left middle lobe (lingular lobe) is very rare, but accessory fissures can be unexpectedly found at transplant. Pre-transplant knowledge of accessory lobes and accessory fissures aids in preparation, transplantation, postoperative assessment, and long-term care planning; however, fissures and accessory lobes can be overlooked by radiologists during routine evaluation of images. Here, we describe the first left lung with three anatomical lobes that was successfully transplanted into a 63-year-old patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This anatomical variation did not change our surgical plan or technique, but surgeons should be aware of this possibility, especially when planning postoperative care

Effects of post-discharge telemonitoring on 30-day chronic obstructive pulmonary disease readmissions and mortality

Introduction: Much attention has been focused on decreasing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospital readmissions. The US health system has struggled to meet this goal. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of telehealth services on the reduction of hospital readmission and mortality rates for COPD. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design to examine the association between hospital risk-adjusted readmission and mortality rates for COPD and hospital use of post-discharge telemonitoring (TM). Data for 777 hospitals were sourced from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the American Hospital Association annual surveys. Propensity score matching using the kennel weights method was applied to calculate the weighted probability of being a hospital that offers post-discharge TM services. Results: Hospitals with post-discharge TM had about 34% significantly higher odds (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.70) of 30-day COPD readmission and 33% significantly lower odds (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.90) of 30-day COPD mortality compared to hospitals without post-discharge TM services. Discussion: Overall, hospitals that offer post-discharge TM services have seen an improvement in 30-day COPD mortality rates. However, those same hospitals have also experienced a significant increase in 30-day COPD readmissions. TM can potentially decrease mortality in patients recently admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD. The results provide further evidence that readmissions present a problematic assessment of health-care quality, as the need for readmission may or may not be directly related to the quality of care received while in hospital

Prudentia Iuris, 1985-1986, n° 17-18 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – El concordato de 1966 y la práctica anterior / Eduardo C. Mallea – El límite internacional en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares / Gustavo Cristián Bobrik – La controversia argentino-brasileña sobre el aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico del río Paraná y el acuerdo tripartito de 1979 / Jorge O. Martínez Adalid – La personalidad jurídica de la entidad binacional Yacyretá / Ana M. Moglia – La posición argentina respecto de la resolución III aprobada por la tercera conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el derecho del mar / Carlos F. Tagle – La cuestión de la jurisdicción en el Río de la Plata / Horacio A. Basabe – La Convención de Viena sobre el derecho de los tratados y la Constitución Argentina / Julio A. Barberis – Documento