Readability of Non-text Images on the World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web associated the world in a manner that was unrealistic previously and made it a lot more straightforward for users to get data, share and impart. But, irrelevant non-text images on the web pages equally specify poor readability, disrupting the people from the emphasis of the reading. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of irrelevant or low-quality non-text images on the readability of the webpage. An automatic methodology has been proposed to compute the relevancy of the non-text images. This methodology merges different approaches to extract information from non-text images and read text from websites in order to find relevancy between them. This technique was used to analyze fifty different educational websites to automatically find the relevancy of their non-text images. A user study has been carried out to evaluate the proposed methodology with different types of questions. The results agree with the fact that the relevant non-text images enhance the readability of the web page. This research work will help web designers to improve readability by considering only the relevant content of a web page, without relying on expert judgment.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under Grant CSO2017-86747-R, in part by the Andalusia Regional Projects under Grant AT17-5509-UMA ``ROSI'' and Grant UMA18-FEDERJA-074 ``ITERA,'' and in part by the European art83 under Contract 8.06/5.58.5900 DIH-HERO ``SUSTAIN.'

Stochastic amplification of fluctuations in cortical up-states

Supporting Information: Appendix S1-S7Cortical neurons are bistable; as a consequence their local field potentials can fluctuate between quiescent and active states, generating slow 0.5-2 Hz oscillations which are widely known as transitions between Up and Down States. Despite a large number of studies on Up-Down transitions, deciphering its nature, mechanisms and function are still today challenging tasks. In this paper we focus on recent experimental evidence, showing that a class of spontaneous oscillations can emerge within the Up states. In particular, a non-trivial peak around 20 Hz appears in their associated power-spectra, what produces an enhancement of the activity power for higher frequencies (in the 30-90 Hz band). Moreover, this rhythm within Ups seems to be an emergent or collective phenomenon given that individual neurons do not lock to it as they remain mostly unsynchronized. Remarkably, similar oscillations (and the concomitant peak in the spectrum) do not appear in the Down states. Here we shed light on these findings by using different computational models for the dynamics of cortical networks in presence of different levels of physiological complexity. Our conclusion, supported by both theory and simulations, is that the collective phenomenon of >stochastic amplification of fluctuations> - previously described in other contexts such as Ecology and Epidemiology - explains in an elegant and parsimonious manner, beyond model-dependent details, this extra-rhythm emerging only in the Up states but not in the Downs. © 2012 Hidalgo et al.Funding provided by Spanish MICINN-FEDER under project FIS2009-08451 and Junta de Andalucia Proyecto de Excelencia P09FQM-4682. L.S. acknowledges the financial support of Fundacion P. Barrie de la Maza and funding grant 01GQ1001A.Peer Reviewe

Análisis de las adaptaciones agudas al entrenamiento de fuerza máxima mediante el estudio de las modificaciones del rendimiento mecánico del tren superior

El propósito del presente trabajo fue valorar el efecto agudo de dos sesiones de fuerza máxima sobre el rendimiento mecánico inmediatamente posterior. En 10 sujetos varones se obtuvieron las cargas correspondientes a una repetición máxima (1RM) y a la máxima potencia en la ejecución concéntrica de press banca. Cinco días más tarde se realizaron dos sesiones de entrenamiento. En cada una se llevaron a cabo 6 series de 2 repeticiones de press banca concéntrico, al 90 % de 1RM, con pausas mínimas de 3'. Antes e inmediatamente después de cada sesión se midió la potencia desarrollada, tanto con la carga de máxima potencia como con el 90 % de 1RM. El análisis de los resultados no reflejó diferencias significativas en el rendimiento con cargas de máxima potencia. Con el 90 % disminuyó de forma significativa (p < 0,05) al final de la segunda sesión. No se halló correlación significativa entre 1RM y las diferencias entre los valores finales e iniciales con las cargas de máxima potencia individual. La correlación fue significativa entre 1RM y las diferencias entre la potencia final e inicial al 90 % de 1RM en la primera sesión, tanto en valores reales como porcentuales (r = –0,631 y r = –0,678 respectivamente)

Anàlisi de les adaptacions agudes a l'entrenament de força màxima mitjançant l'estudi de les modificacions del rendiment mecànic del tren superior

El propòsit del nostre treball va ser valorar l’efecte agut de dues sessions de força màxima sobre el rendiment mecànic immediatament posterior. En 10 subjectes barons es van obtenir les càrregues corresponents a una repetició màxima (1RM) i a la màxima potència en l’execució concèntrica d’aixecament de banca. Cinc dies més tard es van realitzar dues sessions d’entrenament. En cadascuna s’hi van portar a terme 6 sèries de 2 repeticions d’aixecament de  banca concèntric, al 90 % d’1RM, amb pauses mínimes de 3’. Abans i immediatament després de cada sessió es va mesurar la potència desenvolupada, tant amb la càrrega de màxima potència com amb el 90 % d’1RM. L’anàlisi dels resultats no va reflectir diferències significatives en el rendiment amb càrregues de màxima potència. Amb el 90 % va disminuir de forma significativa (p < 0,05) al final de la segona sessió. No es va trobar correlació significativa entre 1RM i les diferències entre els valors finals i inicials amb les càrregues de màxima potència individual. La correlació va ser significativa entre 1RM i les diferències entre la potència final i inicial al 90 % d’1RM en la primera sessió, tant en valors reals com percentuals (r = –0,631 i r = –0,678 respectivament)

Automated Readability Assessment for Spanish e-Government Information

This paper automatically evaluates the readability of Spanish e-government websites. Specifically, the websites collected explain e-government administrative procedures. The evaluation is carried out through the analysis of different linguistic characteristics that are presumably associated with a better understanding of these resources. To this end, texts from websites outside the government websites have been collected. These texts clarify the procedures published on the Spanish Government"s websites. These websites constitute the part of the corpus considered as the set of easy documents. The rest of the corpus has been completed with counterpart documents from government websites. The text of the documents has been processed, and the difficulty is evaluated through different classic readability metrics. At a later stage, automatic learning methods are used to apply algorithms to predict the difficulty of the text. The results of the study show that government web pages show high values for comprehension difficulty. This work proposes a new Spanish-language corpus of official e-government websites. In addition, a large number of combined linguistic attributes are applied, which improve the identification of the level of comprehensibility of a text with respect to classic metrics.Work supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, (CSO2017-86747-R)

Colour responses of Eucalyptus grandis wood to the Brazilian process of thermal modification

A study of colour assessment, using the CIEL*a*b* system, was conducted with samples of Eucalyptus grandis wood thermally treated by the Brazilian industrial process of thermal modification, VAP HolzSysteme®, at three different temperatures, i.e. 140, 160 and 180 °C. Previous to the treatment, the samples were classified into three groups according to their distance to the wood pith, on the radial direction. All thermally modified samples presented a noticeable colour change, confirmed by high values of ΔE*. As the intensity of the treatment increased, the eucalypt samples presented an increase of red colour tone (a*) (up to 160 ºC) and a decrease of colour lightness (L*). Significant colour differences were found among the classified groups, for both untreated and thermally modified samples. The eucalypt samples groups showed different colour responses when thermally treated at 140 and 160 ºC. At 180 ºC the groups didn’t show a significant colour response variation.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through the doctoral grant of Carolina Griebeler by means of the “Ciência sem Fronteiras” program

Sustainable technologies for older adults

: The exponential evolution of technology and the growth of the elderly population are two phenomena that will inevitably interact with increasing frequency in the future. This paper analyses scientific literature as a means of furthering progress in sustainable technology for senior living. We carried out a bibliometric analysis of papers published in this area and compiled by the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, examining the main participants and advances in the field from 2000 to the first quarter of 2021. The study describes some interesting research projects addressing three different aspects of older adults’ daily lives—health, daily activities and wellbeing—and policies to promote healthy aging and improve the sustainability of the healthcare system. It also looks at lines of research into transversal characteristics of technology. Our analysis showed that publications mentioning sustainability technologies for older adults have been growing progressively since the 2000s, but that the big increase in the number of research works in this area took place during the period 2016–2021. These more recent works show a tendency to study those factors that improve healthy aging, ensure the social inclusion of the elderly through technology and prolong the time in which they can live independent lives thanks to smart environments. Current research gaps in the literature are also discussed.: This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, (CSO2017-86747-R) and supported in part by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación, through the Smartlet and H2O Learn Projects under Grants TIN2017-85179-C3-1-R and PID2020-112584RB-C31, and in part by the Madrid Regional Government through the e-Madrid-CM Project under Grant S2018/TCS-4307

Análisis exploratorio de firmas espectrales e índices de vegetación para la monitorización de emisiones de CO2 en un análogo natural.

Se ha analizado el problema de la detección de fugas de CO2 en reservorios naturales utilizados como almacenes de este gas. Los trabajos han sido realizados sobre un área del Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, España, donde a causa de la actividad volcánica remanente se pueden encontrar puntos de emisión de CO2. Se han utilizado imágenes QuickBird y WorldView-2 para la generación de firmas espectrales e índices de vegetación. Estos índices han sido evaluados para obtener los más idóneos para la detección de fugas de CO2. Palabras clave: teledetección, CO2, vegetación, satélite. ABSTRACT The problem of detecting CO2 leaks in natural reservoirs used to store the gas has been analyzed. The works have been done over an area where, because of the residual volcanic activity, CO2 delivery spots can be found. This area is located in Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, Spain. QuickBird and WorldView-2 imagery has been used to generate spectral signatures and vegetation indexes. These indexes have been evaluated in order to obtain the most suitable ones to detect CO2 leaks. Keywords: remote sensing, CO2, vegetation, satellite