Differential Effects of High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diet Composition on Metabolic Control and Insulin Resistance in Normal Rats

The macronutrient component of diets is critical for metabolic control and insulin action. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high fat diets (HFDs) vs. high carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on metabolic control and insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Thirty animals divided into five groups (n = 6) were fed: (1) Control diet (CD); (2) High-saturated fat diet (HSFD); (3) High-unsaturated fat diet (HUFD); (4) High-digestible starch diet, (HDSD); and (5) High-resistant starch diet (HRSD) during eight weeks. HFDs and HCDs reduced weight gain in comparison with CD, however no statistical significance was reached. Calorie intake was similar in both HFDs and CD, but rats receiving HCDs showed higher calorie consumption than other groups, (p < 0.01). HRSD showed the lowest levels of serum and hepatic lipids. The HUFD induced the lowest fasting glycemia levels and HOMA-IR values. The HDSD group exhibited the highest insulin resistance and hepatic cholesterol content. In conclusion, HUFD exhibited the most beneficial effects on glycemic control meanwhile HRSD induced the highest reduction on lipid content and did not modify insulin sensitivity. In both groups, HFDs and HCDs, the diet constituents were more important factors than caloric intake for metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance

Effects of Native Banana Starch Supplementation on Body Weight and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Type 2 Diabetics

Few fiber supplements have been studied for physiological effectiveness. The effects of native banana starch (NBS) and soy milk (control) on body weight and insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetics were compared using a blind within-subject crossover design. Subjects undertook two phases of 4-week supplementation either with NBS or soy milk. Patients on NBS lost more body weight than when they were on control treatment. Plasma insulin and HOMA-I were reduced after NBS consumption, compared with baseline levels, but not significantly when compared to the control treatment. Results support the use of NBS as part of dietary fiber supplementation

Acute Consumption of Resistant Starch Reduces Food Intake but Has No Effect on Appetite Ratings in Healthy Subjects

Previous studies have shown the benefits of native banana starch (NBS) supplementation in improving glucose metabolism and reducing body weight (BW) in humans. However, the effect of this starch on appetite regulation is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NBS rich resistant starch on subjective measurements of appetite, energy intake, and appetite hormones in healthy subjects. Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were also assessed. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 28 healthy young subjects consumed a beverage containing either 40 g of NBS or 40 g of digestible corn starch (DCS) on two separate occasions. Effects on appetite were estimated using visual analogue scales (VAS) and satiety hormone responses. At the end of the intervention, participants were provided with a pre-weighed ad libitum homogeneous test meal. After a washout period of 1 week, subjects received the alternative treatment. NBS supplementation induced a reduction in food intake, glucose area under the curve (AUC)-180 min, and insulin AUC-180 min. However, there was no associated effect on the subjective appetite ratings or gut hormones. NBS supplementation may help to reduce meal size and control BW

Efectos de alfa-tocoferol sobre el control metabólico y el estado oxidativo en mujeres sanas y con diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias en Investigación en Medicina), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI, ESM, 2006, 1 archivo PDF, (105 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

Tejido adiposo epicárdico: su relación con enfermedades cardiovasculares

La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares, sin embargo, el riesgo depende significativamente de la distribución del tejido adiposo en el cuerpo. Evidencia reciente indica que cada depósito de grasa visceral es anatómica y funcionalmente diferente. Dada la proximidad al órgano, cada depósito de tejido adiposo visceral ejerce una modulación local más que un efecto sistémico. Debido a su peculiar localización y sus propiedades biomoleculares, el tejido adiposo epicárdico, se ha abierto campo como causante de arteriosclerosis. Este tejido puede ser medido con técnicas de imagen y está clínicamente relacionado con la masa del ventrículo izquierdo, la enfermedad arterial coronaria y el síndrome metabólico. Por tanto, la medición de la grasa epicárdica puede tener un papel en la estratificación del riesgo cardiometabólico y servir como blanco terapéutico

Estudio comparativo de calidad higiénico-sanitaria, fisicoquímica y microbiológica de leche bovina en el sureste mexicano

Objective. Evaluate the hygienic-sanitary, physicochemical and microbiological quality of bovine milk for sale, produced in a family stable and in three public markets in Tabasco state. Materials and methods. The hygienic-sanitary quality was determined according to general information of the farm, facilities, milking process, cleaning and disinfection. Physicochemical quality was determined by evaluating total proteins, casein, butyric fat, lactose, non-fatty solids and density. Microbiological quality was determined by titratable acidity, alcohol test, somatic cell content, oxide-reduction potential, foreign matter, bacterial inhibitors, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. Results. The milk produced in the family stable was evaluated with the highest physicochemical and microbiological quality, in reference to the standards evaluated by the official Mexican regulations established in Mexico by the Council for the promotion of the quality of milk and its derivatives, A. C. Instead, milk in three public markets, it was considered as rejection, indicating possible contamination during milking processes, as well as handling and transport to public markets. Conclusions. Milk samples from public markets were considered not suitable for human consumption or for the production of by-products.Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad higiénico-sanitaria, fisicoquímica y microbiológica de leche cruda bovina destinada a la venta, producida en un establo familiar y en tres mercados públicos del estado de Tabasco. Materiales y métodos. La calidad higiénico-sanitaria se determinó de acuerdo con la información general del predio, instalaciones, proceso de ordeño, limpieza y desinfección. La calidad fisicoquímica se determinó evaluando proteínas totales, caseína, grasa butírica, lactosa, sólidos no grasos y densidad. La calidad microbiológica fue determinada mediante la acidez titulable, prueba de alcohol, contenido de células somáticas, potencial de óxido-reducción, materia extraña, inhibidores bacterianos y bacterias mesofílicas aerobias. Resultados. La leche producida en el establo familiar, fue evaluada con la máxima calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica en referencia a los estándares que evalúa la normatividad oficial mexicana establecidas en México por el Consejo para el fomento de la calidad de la leche y sus derivados, A. C. En cambio, la leche en los tres mercados públicos se consideró de rechazo, indicando posible contaminación durante los procesos de ordeña, así como en el manejo y transporte hacia los mercados públicos. Conclusiones. Las muestras de leche provenientes de los mercados públicos se consideraron no aptas para consumo humano ni para elaboración de subproductos