A Comprehensive Survey of Brane Tilings

An infinite class of $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories can be engineered on the worldvolume of D3-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. This kind of setup has multiple applications, ranging from the gauge/gravity correspondence to local model building in string phenomenology. Brane tilings fully encode the gauge theories on the D3-branes and have substantially simplified their connection to the probed geometries. The purpose of this paper is to push the boundaries of computation and to produce as comprehensive a database of brane tilings as possible. We develop efficient implementations of brane tiling tools particularly suited for this search. We present the first complete classification of toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds with toric diagrams up to area 8 and the corresponding brane tilings. This classification is of interest to both physicists and mathematicians alike.Comment: 39 pages. Link to Mathematica modules provide

Full-length genomic analysis of korean porcine sapelovirus strains.

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), a species of the genus Sapelovirus within the family Picornaviridae, is associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, severe neurological disorders, and reproductive failure in pigs. However, the structural features of the complete PSV genome remain largely unknown. To analyze the structural features of PSV genomes, the full-length nucleotide sequences of three Korean PSV strains were determined and analyzed using bioinformatic techniques in comparison with other known PSV strains. The Korean PSV genomes ranged from 7,542 to 7,566 nucleotides excluding the 3' poly(A) tail, and showed the typical picornavirus genome organization; 5'untranslated region (UTR)-L-VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3'UTR. Three distinct cis-active RNA elements, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'UTR, a cis-replication element (CRE) in the 2C coding region and 3'UTR were identified and their structures were predicted. Interestingly, the structural features of the CRE and 3'UTR were different between PSV strains. The availability of these first complete genome sequences for PSV strains will facilitate future investigations of the molecular pathogenesis and evolutionary characteristics of PSV

Early Bile Duct Cancer Detected by Direct Peroral Cholangioscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging after Bile Duct Stone Removal

Cholangioscopy not only enables the direct visualization of the biliary tree, but also allows for forceps biopsy to diagnosis early cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, some reports have suggested the clinical usefulness of direct peroral cholangioscopy (POC) using an ultra-slim endoscope with a standard endoscopic unit by a single operator. Enhanced endoscopy, such as narrow band imaging (NBI), can be helpful for detecting early neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract and is easily applicable during direct POC. A 63-year-old woman with acute cholangitis had persistent bile duct dilation on the left hepatic duct after common bile duct stone removal and clinical improvement. We performed direct POC with NBI using an ultra-slim upper endoscope to examine the strictured segment. NBI examination showed an irregular surface and polypoid structure with tumor vessels. Target biopsy under direct endoscopic visualization was performed, and adenocarcinoma was documented. The patient underwent an extended left hepatectomy, and the resected specimen showed early bile duct cancer confined to the ductal mucosa

Safety and Effectiveness of the Novel Catheter 3.0 System for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: A Pilot Study

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new angiographic system (Catheter 3.0 system) using a 5 French (Fr), large-bore angiography catheter, a 0.032-inch stiff guidewire, and a continuous flushing system in diagnostic cerebral angiography. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 30 consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral cerebral angiography using the Catheter 3.0 system from October 2019 to March 2020. As the control group, we included 30 consecutive patients examined before the Catheter 3.0 system was introduced. Procedural outcomes, including technical success, procedure time, dose metrics, procedure-related complications, and image quality were reviewed and analyzed. Results All transfemoral cerebral angiographies were performed for a diagnosis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The Catheter 3.0 system showed a significantly shorter fluoroscopy time (6.2 vs. 9.7 minutes, P=0.008) and lower fluoroscopy dose (387.2 vs. 614.4, P=0.002) compared with the conventional 4-Fr catheter system. The Catheter 3.0 system also showed better results in terms of procedural time (21.0 vs. 22.5 minutes, P=0.072) and technical success rate (98.1% vs. 94.0%, P=0.078), although a statistical significance was not reached. The complication rate and qualitative assessment of the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image quality were similar between the two groups. Conclusion The Catheter 3.0 system using a 5 Fr catheter with a large inner diameter was convenient, effective, and safe compared with the conventional system in diagnostic cerebrovascular angiography

Endoscopic Management of Acute Cholecystitis and Cholangitis Caused by Limy Bile

Limy bile is a relatively rare condition in which a radiopaque material is visible in the gallbladder, extending rarely into the bile duct, on plain radiography. Acute cholangitis or cholecystitis caused by limy bile is a very rare condition. There are no definite treatment guidelines for limy bile, but in most cases with cholangitis or cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the preferred treatment. We report a case of limy bile with biliary symptoms that was treated only with an endoscopic procedure

Nano-to-microporous networks via inkjet printing of ZnO nanoparticles/graphene hybrid for ultraviolet photodetectors

Inkjet-printed photodetectors have gained enormous attention over the past decade. However, device performance is limited without postprocessing, such as annealing and UV exposure. In addition, it is difficult to manipulate the surface morphology of the printed film using an inkjet printer because of the limited options of low viscosity ink solutions. Here, we employ a concept involving the control of the inkjet-printed film morphology via modulation of cosolvent vapor pressure and surface tension for the creation of a high-performance ZnO-based photodetector on a flexible substrate. The solvent boiling point across different cosolvent systems is found to affect the film morphology, which results in not only distinct photoresponse time but also photodetectivity. ZnO-based photodetectors were printed using different solvents, which display a fast photoresponse in low-boiling point solvents because of the low carbon residue and larger photodetectivity in high-boiling point solvent systems due to the porous structure. The porous structure is obtained using both gas–liquid surface tension differences and solid–liquid surface differences, and the size of porosity is modulated from nanosize to microsize depending on the ratio between two solvents or two nanomaterials. Moreover, the conductive nature of graphene enhances the transport behavior of the photocarrier, which enables a high-performance photodetector with high photoresponsivity (7.5 × 102AW–1) and fast photoresponse (0.18 s) to be achieved without the use of high-boiling point solvents

Callus induction and in vitro mass culture of adventitious roots from leaf segment explants of Dendropanax morbifera Lev.

Dendropanax morbifera Lev. is a unique species and natively found in Korea and distributed in the South regions, such as Jeju, Goheung, and Wando. In this study, tissue culture system for native D. morbifera was developed. The callus from native D. morbifera leaves was cultured on Woody Plant Media (WPM) supplemented with 30 g L–1 of sucrose, with addition of 2.4-D and BA [(0.5, 1.0, 2.0) mg L–1 ], separately and mixed. After 5 wk of culture, the highest induction of callus was obtained from 0.5 mg L–1 of 2.4-D mixed with 2.0 mg L–1 of BA. Adventitious root formation on different media (MS, WPM, B5) with various auxins (IBA, IAA, and NAA) and different concentration [(0, 1, 3, 5) mg L–1 ] were tested. After 8 wk of culture, WPM showed better induction of adventitious root. The highest induction of adventitious root was obtained on 3.0 mg L–1 IBA. Root growth was best in WPM liquid medium with 3.0 mg L–1 of IBA and 30 g L–1 of sucrose. The same formulation with modified ½ WPM was successfully established in vitro adventitious roots culture in 18-L bioreactor system. This study also proposed as the mass production technique of adventitious roots from native D. morbifera

Lattice marginal reconstruction enabled high ambient-tolerance Perovskite Quantum Dots phototransistors

Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have been developed rapidly as photoactive materials in hybrid phototransistors because of their strong light absorption, broad bandgap customizability, and defect-tolerance in charge-transport properties. The solvent treatment has been well recognized as a practical approach for improving the charge transport of PeQDs and the photoresponsivity of PeQD phototransistors. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the origin of its impacts on the material’s ambient stability as well as phototransistor’s operational lifetime. Especially, the relationship between surface ligands dissociation and their microstructural reconstruction has not been fully elucidated so far. Herein, we report that a simultaneous enhancement of photoresponsivity and ambient tolerance for PeQD-based hybrid phototransistors can be realized via medium-polarity-solvent treatment on solid-state PeQDs. Our comprehensive optoelectronic characterization and electron microscopic study reveals that the crystal morphology, instead of surface ligands, is the dominating factor that results in the PeQD’s stability enhancement associated with the preservation of optical property and quantum confinement. Besides, we unveil a marginal reconstruction process occurred during solvent treatment, which opens up a new route for facets-oriented attachment of PeQDs along the zone axis to suppress the damage from water molecules penetration. Our study yields a new understanding of the solvent impact on PeQD microstructures reconstruction and suggests new routes for perovskite materials and corresponding device operational stability enhancement

Angiomyofibroblastoma-Like Tumor of the Scrotum

Various tumors can occur in the scrotum. Of them, angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumors are very rare mesenchymal tumors. Angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumors cannot be easily differentially diagnosed from other malignant tumors invading the male genital tract on the basis of clinical characteristics and imaging study. Therefore, surgical removal and a histopathologic diagnosis must also be performed

A protein domain interaction interface database: InterPare.

BACKGROUND: Most proteins function by interacting with other molecules. Their interaction interfaces are highly conserved throughout evolution to avoid undesirable interactions that lead to fatal disorders in cells. Rational drug discovery includes computational methods to identify the interaction sites of lead compounds to the target molecules. Identifying and classifying protein interaction interfaces on a large scale can help researchers discover drug targets more efficiently. DESCRIPTION: We introduce a large-scale protein domain interaction interface database called InterPare http://interpare.net. It contains both inter-chain (between chains) interfaces and intra-chain (within chain) interfaces. InterPare uses three methods to detect interfaces: 1) the geometric distance method for checking the distance between atoms that belong to different domains, 2) Accessible Surface Area (ASA), a method for detecting the buried region of a protein that is detached from a solvent when forming multimers or complexes, and 3) the Voronoi diagram, a computational geometry method that uses a mathematical definition of interface regions. InterPare includes visualization tools to display protein interior, surface, and interaction interfaces. It also provides statistics such as the amino acid propensities of queried protein according to its interior, surface, and interface region. The atom coordinates that belong to interface, surface, and interior regions can be downloaded from the website. CONCLUSION: InterPare is an open and public database server for protein interaction interface information. It contains the large-scale interface data for proteins whose 3D-structures are known. As of November 2004, there were 10,583 (Geometric distance), 10,431 (ASA), and 11,010 (Voronoi diagram) entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) containing interfaces, according to the above three methods. In the case of the geometric distance method, there are 31,620 inter-chain domain-domain interaction interfaces and 12,758 intra-chain domain-domain interfaces