118 research outputs found
Where the psychological adaptations hit the ecological road
Commentary on the title âAggression and violence around the world: a model of Climate, aggression, and self-control in humans (CLASH) by P. Van Lange, M. Rinderu and B. Bushman. We argue that the target authors focus too much on adaptive behavioral responses and not enough on actual psychological adaptations. We suggest the Dark Triad traits may represent facultative, psychological adaptations sensitive to seasonal variance and food shortages. We document that shorter distances from the equator are linked to higher national narcissism levels, whereas longer distances are associated with higher national-level machiavellianism. Dark Triad traits may serve as critical survival mechanisms when prioritizing oneself over and/or at the cost of others
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The Dark Tetrad traits and problematic social media use: the mediating role of cyberbullying and cyberstalking
The Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism) are associated with antisocial online behaviors. However, the mediating role of these behaviors between the Dark Tetrad and problematic social media use (PSMU) is unclear. Among a sample of 761 participants, we investigated direct and indirect associations of the Dark Tetrad traits with PSMU via cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and cybertrolling. Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated cyberbullying and cyberstalking fully mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism and PSMU in the total sample and among men. Narcissism was indirectly associated with PSMU via cyberstalking in the total sample and among women. The relationship between sadism and PSMU was fully explained by cyberbullying and cyberstalking in the total sample. Cybertrolling was associated with sadism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, although it was not related to PSMU. We suggest that antisocial online behaviors may provide explanation for the relationship between dark personality traits and PSMU with different behaviors mediating different traits among men and women
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The Dark Tetrad traits and problematic online gaming: the mediating role of online gaming motives and moderating role of game types
Different personality traits are correlated with problematic internet use and online gaming. However, associations between dark personality traits and problematic online gaming (POG) have received less attention. The present study investigated direct and indirect associations of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism) with POG via online gaming motives (controlling for hours spent gaming) among 421 online gamers. Mediation analyses showed narcissism was indirectly associated with POG via online gaming motives of escape and fantasy among role-playing game players and total sample. Sadism was directly associated with POG among first-person shooter game players and indirectly with POG via online gaming motives of escape and fantasy among role-playing game players and total sample. The findings suggest that dark traits should also be taken into account when considering theoretical models involving problematic gaming use, online gaming motives, and preference of different games
As cold as a fish? Relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits and affective experience during the day: A day reconstruction study
The Dark Triad of personality is a cluster of three socially aversive personality traits: Machiavellianism,
narcissism and psychopathy. These traits are associated with a selfish, aggressive
and exploitative interpersonal strategy. The objective of the current study was to
establish relationships between the Dark Triad traits (and their dimensions) and momentary
affect. Machiavellianism, grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and the dimensions
of the Triarchic model of psychopathy (namely, boldness, meanness and disinhibition) were
examined. We used the Day Reconstruction Method, which is based on reconstructing
affective states experienced during the previous day. The final sample consisted of 270 university
students providing affective ratings of 3047 diary episodes. Analyses using multilevel
modelling showed that only boldness had a positive association with positive affective states
and affect balance, and a negative association with negative affective states. Grandiose
narcissism and its sub-dimensions had no relationship with momentary affect. The other
dark traits were related to negative momentary affect and/or inversely related to positive
momentary affect and affect balance. As a whole, our results empirically demonstrated distinctiveness
of the Dark Triad traits in their relationship to everyday affective states. These
findings are not congruent with the notion that people with the Dark Triad traits, who have a
dispositional tendency to manipulate and exploit others, are generally cold and invulnerable
to negative feelings. The associations between the Dark Triad and momentary affect were
discussed in the contexts of evolutionary and positive psychology, in relation to the role and
adaptive value of positive and negative emotions experienced by individuals higher in
Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy
Criminal and Noncriminal Psychopathy: The Devil is in the Detail
Brooks, NS ORCiD: 0000-0003-1784-099XPsychopathy is prevalent and problematic in criminal populations, but is also found to be present in noncriminal populations. In 1992, Robert Hare declared that psychopaths may also âbe found in the boardroomâ, which has since been followed by an interest in the issue of noncriminal, or even successful, psychopathy. In this chapter, the paradox of criminal and noncriminal psychopathy is discussed with specific attention given to the similarities and differences that account for psychopathic personality across contexts. That psychopathy is a condition typified by a constellation of traits and behaviours requires wider research across diverse populations, and thus the streams of research related to criminal and noncriminal psychopathy are presented and the implications of these contrasting streams are explored
Personality, personnel selection, and job performance
Job Performance: The term job performance can
either refer to the objective or subjective outcomes
one achieves in a specific job (e.g., the profit of a
sales persons, the number of publications of a
scientist, the number of successful operations of
a surgeon) or to work-related activities (e.g., writing
an article, conducting specific surgical acts).
In the majority of research on this topic, job performance
as an outcome is used.
Personnel selection: Personnel selection
refers to the process of selecting the best
employees for specific jobs.
Introduction
One major application of personality research is in
the area of personnel selection. The key question
in this area is to which extent personality can
predict how well a candidate will perform on the
job he or she is applying for. Most scholars in this
area acknowledge that personality has predictive
validity for job performance. In line with this,
personality assessment is part of the selection
procedure in many organizations
Narcissism and prosocial behavior
There are many motivations for prosocial behavior, some more altruistic and some more egoistic. We posit that more narcissistic people may perform prosocial acts strategically, for example, to improve their reputations or to receive something in return
Psychopathic leadership a case study of a corporate psychopath CEO
This longitudinal case study reports on a charity in the UK which gained a new CEO who was reported by two middle managers who worked in the charity, to embody (respectively) all or most of the ten characteristics within a measure of corporate psychopathy. The leadership of this CEO with a high corporate psychopathy score was reported to be so poor that the organisation was described as being one without leadership and as a lost organisation with no direction. This paper outlines the resultant characteristics of the ensuing aimlessness and lack of drive of the organisation involved. Comparisons are made to a previous CEO in the same organisation, who was reportedly an authentic, effective and transformational leader. Outcomes under the CEO with a high corporate psychopathy score were related to bullying, staff withdrawal and turnover as effective employees stayed away from and/or left the organisation. Outcomes also included a marked organisational decline in terms of revenue, employee commitment, creativity and organisational innovativeness. The paper makes a contribution to both leadership and to corporate psychopathy research as it appears to be the first reported study of a CEO with a high corporate psychopathy score
Callous-unemotional traits moderate the relation between prenatal testosterone (2D:4D) and externalising behaviours in children
Children who exhibit callous-unemotional (CU) traits are identified as developing particularly severe forms of externalising behaviours (EB). A number of risk factors have been identified in the development of CU traits, including biological, physiological, and genetic factors. However, prenatal testosterone (PT) remains un-investigated, yet could signal fetal programming of a combination of CU/EB. Using the 2D:4D digit ratio, the current study examined whether CU traits moderated the relationship between PT and EB. Hand scans were obtained from 79 children aged between 5 and 6 years old whose parents completed the parent report ICU (Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits) and SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). CU traits were found to moderate the relationship between PT and EB so that children who were exposed to increased PT and were higher in CU traits exhibited more EB. Findings emphasize the importance of recognising that vulnerability for EB that is accompanied by callousness may arise before birth
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