Lantmännen AXA - Från idé till produkt

Syftet för detta examensarbete på kandidatnivå är att undersöka hur Lantmännen AXA utnyttjar sina resurser för att på så sätt försöka förstå hur de strategiskt har bemött konsumenternas ökade krav på hälsosamma livsmedel i sin produktutveckling

Activity budget and behaviour of giant otters Pteronura brasiliensis at Parken Zoo, Eskilstuna, Sweden

Modern zoos must ensure the welfare and conservation of their captive animals. For this, it is recommended to provide cognitive stimuli (‘enrichment’), good habitat management and adequate nutrition amongst other things. Assessment of animal welfare should include behavioural observation. One frequently used approach compares the activity budget of zoo animals with their wild conspecifics, carefully interpreting resulting differences. Here, this method is used for giant otters Pteronura brasiliensis on a feeding regime with three fixed feeding times during the keeper’s working day, and ice blocks containing fish suspended above the pool, thawing over time and thus releasing fish well into the night. This time-delayed food dispensing was expected to make the subjects spend a large proportion of time foraging. Nevertheless, results show a lower feeding proportion than reported in the literature for this species in the wild (27% versus 64%), likely related to the fact that zoo animals did not have to hunt live prey. The captive otters also spent less time scent-marking (1% versus 9%), possibly due to the absence of other conspecific groups in their vicinity. By contrast, there was a higher proportion of resting (34% versus 21%) and affiliative behaviours (14% versus 1%), suggesting that shifts in the activity budget between natural habitats and zoos need not always be interpreted as indicators of reduced welfare. ‘Calling family members to food’, reported in the wild, was observed repeatedly when one family member was awake and the rest were asleep at a time that fish fell from the thawing block into the pool. Extending food distribution over time, particularly into the night, might develop behaviours other than increased feeding activity as indicators of welfare in captive giant otters. Further investigations with delayed feeding methods for this and other species are needed

The behavioural effects of feeding lean meat vs whole rabbit carcasses to zoo jaguars Panthera onca

The challenge of carnivore feeding in zoos is to stimulate natural feeding behaviour without using live prey animals. The objective of this study was to investigate how two different feed types (lean beef and whole rabbits) affect the behaviour of zoo jaguars Panthera onca for the first six hours after feed presentation. Three socially housed jaguars at Parken Zoo, Sweden, were offered either lean beef or whole rabbits for 10 consecutive feeding days. Their behaviour during and after feeding was videorecorded and then compared between the two feed types. When analysing the frequency of different behaviours for six hours after feeding, results confirm that feeding behaviour occurred significantly more frequently when whole rabbits were fed, particularly during the first hour after feed presentation. However, even though feeding time increased by more than 300%, this represents a change of less than 1% in terms of the overall proportion of a 24-hour budget. Future studies might investigate the effect of feeding jaguars larger carcasses than rabbits, including with more hours of observation

Dock2 generates characteristic spatiotemporal patterns of Rac activity to regulate neutrophil polarisation, migration and phagocytosis

IntroductionRac-GTPases and their Rac-GEF activators play important roles in neutrophil-mediated host defence. These proteins control the adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal dynamics required for neutrophil recruitment to inflamed and infected organs, and the neutrophil effector responses that kill pathogens.MethodsHere, we used live cell TIRF-FRET imaging in neutrophils from Rac-FRET reporter mice with deficiencies in the Rac-GEFs Dock2, Tiam1 or Prex1/Vav1 to evaluate if these proteins activate spatiotemporally distinct pools of Rac, and to correlate patterns of Rac activity with the neutrophil responses they control.ResultsAll the GEFs were required for neutrophil adhesion, and Prex1/Vav1 were important during spreading and for the velocity of migration during chemotaxis. However, Dock2 emerged as the prominent regulator of neutrophil responses, as this GEF was required for neutrophil polarisation and random migration, for migration velocity during chemokinesis, for the likelihood to migrate and for the speed of migration and of turning during chemotaxis, as well as for rapid particle engulfment during phagocytosis. We identified characteristic spatiotemporal patterns of Rac activity generated by Dock2 which correlate with the importance of the Rac-GEF in these neutrophil responses. We also demonstrate a requirement for Dock2 in neutrophil recruitment during aseptic peritonitis.DiscussionCollectively, our data provide a first direct comparison of the pools of Rac activity generated by different types of Rac-GEFs, and identify Dock2 as a key regulator of polarisation, migration and phagocytosis in primary neutrophils

Feeding Behaviour, Swimming Activity and Boldness Explain Variation in Feed Intake and Growth of Sole (Solea solea) Reared in Captivity

The major economic constraint for culturing sole (Solea solea) is its slow and variable growth. The objective was to study the relationship between feed intake/efficiency, growth, and (non-) feeding behaviour of sole. Sixteen juveniles with an average (SD) growth of 2.7 (1.9) g/kg0.8/d were selected on their growth during a 4-week period in which they were housed communally with 84 other fish. Selected fish were housed individually during a second 4-week period to measure individual feed intake, growth, and behaviour. Fish were hand-fed three times a day during the dark phase of the day until apparent satiation. During six different days, behaviour was recorded twice daily during 3 minutes by direct observations. Total swimming activity, frequency of burying and of escapes were recorded. At the beginning and end of the growth period, two sequential behavioural tests were performed: “Novel Environment” and “Light Avoidance”. Fish housed individually still exhibited pronounced variation in feed intake (CV = 23%), growth (CV = 25%) and behavior (CV = 100%). Differences in feed intake account for 79% of the observed individual differences in growth of sole. Fish with higher variation in feed intake between days and between meals within days had significantly a lower total feed intake (r = −0.65 and r = −0.77) and growth. Active fish showed significantly higher feed intake (r = 0.66) and growth (r = 0.58). Boldness during both challenge tests was related to fast growth: (1) fish which reacted with a lower latency time to swim in a novel environment had significantly higher feed intake (r = −0.55) and growth (r = −0.66); (2) fish escaping during the light avoidance test tended to show higher feed intake (P<0.1) and had higher growth (P<0.05). In conclusion, feeding consistency, swimming activity in the tank, and boldness during behavioral tests are related to feed intake and growth of sole in captivity

Author Correction: Super-resolution microscopy compatible fluorescent probes reveal endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor distribution and dynamics.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Röntgensjuksköterskan och skiftarbete. Hur påverkas röntgensjuksköterskan och vilka faktorer spelar in?

Bakgrund: Röntgensjuksköterskan arbetar skift. Oregelbundna sömntider kan påverka människan negativt då människan fungerar bäst i dagsljus. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på hur röntgensjuksköterskan påverkas av att arbeta oregelbundna skift och natt samt vilka faktorer som spelar in. Metod: En litteraturstudie gjordes med elva artiklar om skiftarbete och sjuksköterskor då inget gick att finna om röntgensjuksköterskor. Resultat: Sjuksköterskors hälsa, sömn och fritid påverkades av treskiftsarbete. Att arbeta natt och frekvensen av nattskift gav störst negativ inverkan på sömn och psykisk hälsa. Ledighet efter nattskift minskade denna inverkan. Diskussion: Om man har möjlighet att lägga sitt eget schema bör man rotera framåt och vara ledig efter nattskift. Mår man dåligt av att arbeta treskift är en lösning att sluta arbeta natt. Det behövs forskning på röntgensjuksköterskans arbetsskift då hennes arbetsuppgifter och arbetsmiljö skiljer sig från sjuksköterskans

Ungdomars attityd till polisen : en enkätundersökning för att undersöka åländska ungdomars attityd till polisen

Denna undersökning upprättades för att undersöka åländska ungdomars attityd till polisen. Undersökningen utfördes genom en kvantitativ enkät med kvalitativa inslag. Undersökningen har avgränsats till Ålands Gymnasium, som består av två olika skolor; Ålands Lyceum och Ålands Gymnasium. Vid dessa skolor studerar ett flertal åländska ungdomar inom åldersspannet 16–18+ år, som undersökningen har varit riktad till. Liknande undersökningar har till stor del utförts i Sverige. En liknande undersökning utfördes i Finland, då riktad till ungdomar som framför mopeder, dock har ingen liknande undersökning utförts enligt samma geografiska avgränsning. Materialinsamlingen har skett genom en kvantitativ enkät med kvalitativa inslag. Enkäten distribuerades till studerande genom ovannämnda skolors rektorer. Resultatet visar att åländska ungdomar har en positiv attityd till polisen och flera har upplevt att de möter polisen i trafiken. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att ungdomar på Åland generellt har en positiv attityd till polisen. Det finns även en stor del ungdomar som förhåller sig neutralt eller inte har någon åsikt om polisen. Detta resultat kan vara riktgivande för det förebyggande arbetet på Åland för Ålands polismyndighet, Fältare och Barnskyddet. Det kan även byggas på och utvecklas genom vidare forskning inom samma område

Modersmål i förskolan : - Möjligheter och utmaningar

Den här studien har som syfte att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares arbete med barns rätt till utveckling av sitt modersmål i förskolan. Det har undersökts vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns i det här arbetet, samt hur barngruppens olika modersmål får utrymme i förskolans pedagogiska miljö. År 2017 var det en femtedel av alla barn i förskolan som talade ett annat modersmål än svenska, har modersmål blivit en aktuell del av förskolans vardag. Undersökningen har genomförts med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskollärare och observationer av miljön i de verksamheter där förskollärarna arbetar. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna ser det som en utmaning att få en likvärdighet mellan de olika modersmål som barnen i barngruppen talar, samt att bristen på tid gör att det kan vara svårt att hinna tillgodose alla barns olika språk. Förskollärarna beskriver vikten av att arbetslaget reflekterar över dessa utmaningar för att kunna skapa förutsättningar för alla barn att utveckla sitt modersmål. Möjligheterna som framkommer är att eftersom det är så många barn som behöver stöd i sitt modersmål så har förskollärarna erövrade nya erfarenheter och genom dem har det uppkommit möjligheter och strategier i hur arbetet kan gå till. Vad gäller den pedagogiska miljön framkommer att mest fokus när det kommer till språk är det gemensamma språkandet. Barnens olika modersmål synliggörs inte i samma utsträckning som det svenska språket gör