On the Transformation of the Legal Profession: The Advent of Temporary Lawyering

The structure of the legal profession and the nature of law practice have changed dramatically during the past quarter of a century. Indeed, the transformation has been so thorough that it is difficult to say with confidence which of the many developments has had the greatest impact on the culture of law practice. The growth in the number of attorneys and law firms has been exponential; women and minorities comprise increasingly larger percentages of law school graduates, practitioners, and the academic bar; law firms are taking on greater and greater numbers of associates; starting salaries in major firms now approach or surpass judicial salaries; and the list of changes goes on. These myriad changes to the practice of law are accompanied problems which affect virtually all lawyers. To mention but a few examples: malpractice suits escalate annually; clients concerned about rising attorney fees are more willing to “shop” for legal services; attorneys switch firms and take clients with them; and job-related stress and psychological burnout are common professional maladies. A potential solution to these problems lies on the cutting edge of change in the legal world. It is an entirely new way of practicing law: temporary lawyering. While some see this as a radical departure from legal tradition, it is more properly viewed as merely the latest step away from the traditional associate-to-partnership career track. Thorough consideration of the advent of temporary lawyering shows that it offers the profession an opportunity to intelligently address pressing individual and institutional needs. Temporary lawyering warrants the support of the profession, limited only by those measures necessary to insure that the interests of clients are faithfully served and that clients are given the maximum opportunity to intelligently decide their own affairs

BUV Canopy

Design a flexible canopy for the BUV driver for sun protection and light rain protection

Gresham City Hall- programming document

42 p.This programming document is a study for a new Gresham City Hall in Gresham, Oregon. Through interviews with city employees and personal observation, students came up with programming solutions to meet the needs of the city. This document contains one group's solution, including initial research of the specific departments within the city, diagrams analyzing space requirements , and a schematic design for the Gresham City Hall

#Design4Learning: Designing for the Future of Higher Education

Technology enhanced learning has the potential to develop and deliver innovative learning opportunities to improve the student learning experience (Conole, 2013; Sharples et al., 2015). There is now a wide range of learning trajectories from which curricula are currently being developed and for many this raises the question of how higher education educators can ensure that they choose appropriate, robust yet innovative learning designs. This is because a good learning design needs to assist with the delivery of course materials, learning support, and appropriate assessment strategies which will meet the learning outcomes demanded by educational institutions and employers

Sniffer ER26. Model validation using monitored data from Scottish poultry farms

The report outlines the bespoke monitoring conducted for the validation of the SCAIL tool in order to better assess that the tool provides realistic yet conservative results. Two farm sites were selected for the validation monitoring. The study collected data for odour, ammonia and airborne particulate data as well as recording on-site meteorological information. In conclusion the SCAIL-Agriculture model was found to broadly meet recognised acceptability criteria for the prediction of ammonia, PM10 and odour concentration arising from farm buildings. There are however a number of areas where further research could clearly improve the assessment of agricultural sources

UK GHG Flux Network – Peatlands

Peatlands occupy 12% of the UK territory and can store large amounts of carbon (C). However, drainage, peat extraction, and other management activities have turned these ecosystems into greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. Currently, peatlands account for ~ 4% of the UK’s total annual GHG emissions. Eddy covariance is considered the best method to measure landscape scale GHG exchange (CO2, CH4, N2O), between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Recently many flux towers have been installed on UK peatlands under different land-use and in different condition, with some undergoing restoration. In total there are currently 30 operating, with 9 in Scotland (SCO2FLUX managed by The James Hutton Institute, JHI) and 21 across England, Wales and Northern Ireland (managed by UKCEH), including the Auchencorth Moss ICOS site. As part of the projects, NERC-MOTHERSHIP and SRC-CENTREPEAT, these peatland sites are being harmonised into a network. The data is being analysed using standard protocols in order to generate a powerful dataset to examine the exchange of CO2 and CH4 over UK peatlands. Some of the topics being investigated are: the spatial and temporal variability of emissions for all peatland classifications; the main drivers and controlling mechanisms of GHG exchange, such as the effect of water table depth on gas exchange and restoration impacts (e.g. raising water levels in agricultural peatlands); the value and effectiveness of restoration techniques (e.g. the timeline of recovery in the transition from forest to bog); improving the modelling of peatlands in JULES and other land-surface models; ground-proofing data for Earth observation techniques; assessing the contribution of peatlands to achieving net zero; examining the impact of wildfire on restoration from forest to bog. An overview of the network of sites and some highlights of the analysis to date will be presented

A mixed methods study to examine the influence of CLIL on Physical Education lessons: analysis of social interactions and physical activity levels.

Physical Education is often selected for applying multilingual initiatives through the use of a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. However, it is still unclear whether the introduction of such an approach might entail losing the essence of physical education and distorting its basic purposes. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of CLIL on physical education lessons. Given the purpose of this study, a mixed methodological approach based on a sequential exploratory design divided into two different phases is used. We begin with initial qualitative data collection (phase I), consisting of the analysis of interviews with 12 participants (8 teachers and 4 students). Based on its analysis, two foci are identified: social relationships and physical activity. Then, informed by the results obtained, a quantitative approach is used (phase II), differentiating these two sets of data to make a more in-depth analysis of them. On the one hand, a sociometric questionnaire was applied to analyze the social relationships between CLIL students. On the other hand, a quasi-experimental design (n = 49) was implemented using accelerometry to measure moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the physical education sessions. Regarding physical activity, the results show that levels of MVPA are higher in the experimental group (CLIL) than in the control group, a result which clarifies the divergent viewpoints of the interviewees. However, focusing on social relationships, the sociometric questionnaire results show that there were no statistically significative changes, although some signs of a slight effect on students' relationships arise depending on their gender. Therefore, more research would be necessary to further study the effect of CLIL in this regard

Evaluating the Effects of Access to Air Quality Data on Household Air Pollution and Exposure-An Interrupted Time Series Experimental Study in Rwanda

In Sub-Saharan Africa, around 80% of residential energy demand is for cooking, with over 760 million people without access to clean cooking fuels and stoves. Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) is a significant pollutant from biomass burning and is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Energy poverty further reinforces gender disparities, keeps children from schools, causes environmental degradation, and interferes with social and economic development. Lack of access to and inadequate adoption of clean cooking stoves and fuels are key barriers to improved air quality. This paper presents a field experiment nested within a large-scale health efficacy trial. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of access to air quality data and dynamic feedback on indoor air pollution (IAP) and personal exposure. Ninety households in Rwanda were enrolled and provided with an air quality sensor and feedback device, which measured real-time indoor air quality as PM2.5 for sixteen weeks. After six weeks, PM2.5 levels were provided dynamically to households through a display and an auditory alarm. We examined the effects of receiving this feedback on IAP and personal exposure. While access to air quality data did not, in aggregate, improve PM2.5 levels, we did observe several promising correlations worthy of further investigation. The associations between personal exposure or rainfall and increased PM2.5 were reduced after households had access to air quality data. We hypothesized that the behavior changes required to observe these effects&mdash;opening doors and windows and moving away from cooking sources&mdash;are easy and immediate, in contrast to the costs and complex logistics of entirely eliminating biomass cooking. The types of behavior changes that would directly impact household air pollution and exposure require more than just awareness and willingness to act.</p