The challenge and the response: inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University

Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes UniversityRhodes University Libraries (Digitisation

Grahamstown and its environs

The aim of this brochure is to provide a reasonably comprehensive guide to Grahamstown and its environs. The area has much to offer the person who is prepared to explore and to observe the many facets offered by the human and physical landscapes. It is hoped that the sections on the development of the town and selected historical aspects, the geology, the vegetation, the mammals and the birds will provide sufficient information for the region to be seen and appreciated as a whole, while still leaving room for new discoveries. The interrelationships between geology, altitude, vegetation and the use of the land form a valuable starting point in the study of the countryside. In the towns the buildings and the street grids often help to unravel complex aspects of growth and development. These are some of the features which can be observed on the recommended excursion routes. If the brochure contributes to a greater understanding, and therefore appreciation, of Grahamstown and its environs its purpose will have been fulfilled.Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER

Rereading the New Criticism

Aesthetics as ethics : one and a half theses on the New Criticism / Robert Archambeau -- Eliot, the Agrarians, and the political subtext of New Critical formalism / Alastair Morrison -- Androgyny and social upheaval : the gendered pretext of John Crowe Ransom's New Critical approach / Aaron Shaheen -- The fugitive and the exile : Theodor W. Adorno, John Crowe Ransom, and The Kenyon review / James Matthew Wilson -- No two ways about it : William Empson's enabling ambiguities / Bradley D. Clissold -- In pursuit of understanding : Louis Untermeyer, Brooks and Warren, and "The red wheelbarrow" / Connor Byrne -- Through fields of cacophonous modern masters : James Baldwin and New Critical modernism / Adam Hammond -- "Disagreeable intellectual distance" : theory and politics in the old regionalism of the New Critics / Alexander MacLeod -- Teaching with style : Brooks and Warren's literary pedagogy / Tara Lockhart -- "A kind of dual attentiveness" : close reading after the New Criticism / Cecily Devereux.Item embargoed for five year

Exploration of the Mid-Cayman Rise

Oceanography articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately (e.g., authors, Oceanography, volume number, issue number, page number[s], figure number[s], and DOI for the article), provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to the original content

Towards a coherent global framework for health financing: recommendations and recent developments

The articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how to make progress towards a coherent global framework for health financing. These recommendations pertain to domestic financing of national health systems, global public goods for health, external financing for national health systems and the cross-cutting issues of accountability and agreement on a new global framework. Since the Working Group concluded its work, multiple events have reinforced the group’s recommendations. Among these are the agreement on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and the release of the Panama Papers. These events also represent new stepping stones towards a new global framework

Specific and Sensitive Hydrolysis Probe-Based Real-Time PCR Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The tumor-specific EGFR deletion mutant, EGFRvIII, is characterised by ligand-independent constitutive signalling. Tumors expressing EGFRvIII are resistant to current EGFR-targeted therapy. The frequency of EGFRvIII in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is disputed and may vary by specific sub-site. The purpose of this study was to measure the occurrence of EGFRvIII mutations in a specific HNSCC subsite, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), using a novel real-time PCR assay. METHODOLOGY: Pre-treatment Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) cancer specimens from 50 OSCC patients were evaluated for the presence of EGFRvIII using a novel hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR assay. EGFR protein expression in tumor samples was quantified using fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) and AQUA® technology. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We detected EGFRvIII in a single OSCC patient in our cohort (2%). We confirmed the validity of our detection technique in an independent cohort of glioblastoma patients. We also compared the sensitivity and specificity of our novel real-time EGFRvIII detection assay to conventional RT-PCR and direct sequencing. Our assay can specifically detect EGFRvIII and can discriminate against wild-type EGFR in FFPE tumor samples. AQUAnalysis® revealed that the presence of EGFRvIII transcript is associated with very high EGFR protein expression (98(th) percentile). Contrary to previous reports, only 44% of OSCC over-expressed EGFR in our study. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that the EGFRvIII mutation is rare in OSCC and corroborate previous reports of EGFRvIII expression only in tumors with extreme over-expression of EGFR. We conclude that EGFRvIII-specific therapies may not be ideally suited as first-line treatment in OSCC. Furthermore, highly specific and sensitive methods, such as the real-time RT-PCR assay and AQUAnalysis® described here, will provide accurate assessment of EGFR mutation frequency and EGFR expression, and will facilitate the selection of optimal tailored therapies for OSCC patients

Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe

In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite‐derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factors—from seasonally ice‐covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72°C decade−1) to ice‐free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53°C decade−1). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes

Sexual Signal Evolution Outpaces Ecological Divergence during Electric Fish Species Radiation

Natural selection arising from resource competition and environmental heterogeneity can drive adaptive radiation. Ecological opportunity facilitates this process, resulting in rapid divergence of ecological traits in many celebrated radiations. In other cases, sexual selection is thought to fuel divergence in mating signals ahead of ecological divergence. Comparing divergence rates between naturally and sexually selected traits can offer insights into processes underlying species radiations, but to date such comparisons have been largely qualitative. Here, we quantitatively compare divergence rates for four traits in African mormyrid fishes, which use an electrical communication system with few extrinsic constraints on divergence. We demonstrate rapid signal evolution in the Paramormyrops species flock compared to divergence in morphology, size, and trophic ecology. This disparity in the tempo of trait evolution suggests that sexual selection is an important early driver of species radiation in these mormyrids. We also found slight divergence in ecological traits among closely related species, consistent with a supporting role for natural selection in Paramormyrops diversification. Our results highlight the potential for sexual selection to drive explosive signal divergence when innovations in communication open new opportunities in signal space, suggesting that opportunity can catalyze species radiations through sexual selection, as well as natural selection

Maritime Navigation: Characterizing Collaboration in a High-Speed Craft Navigation Activity

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