72 research outputs found

    Business relationship - a study of the interaction between forest machine entrepreneurs and company officials within a timber area at Mellanskog

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    The purpose of this report is to investigate the business relationship between forest machine entrepreneurs and company officials within a timber area at one of the Swedish forest owner associations called Mellanskog. This report shows how these people work with their business relationships, what they believe are the keys getting a successful relationship and how they have got were there they are now. Key words: Business relationship, cooperation, team work, communication, negotiation, respect, commitment and trust

    Populationsgenetisk kartlÀggning av VÀnerlax

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    I VĂ€nern finns tvĂ„ av vĂ€rldens fĂ„ kvarvarande bestĂ„nd av storvuxen insjölevande Atlantisk lax samt ett antal storvuxna öringstammar. Sedan 1800-talet har omfattande exploatering av lek- och uppvĂ€xtomrĂ„den i tillrinnande vattendrag kraftigt försĂ€mrat laxfiskens naturliga förutsĂ€ttningar, och en majoritet av VĂ€nernomrĂ„dets ursprungliga laxfiskstammar Ă€r idag utdöda. För att kompensera produktionsbortfall orsakade av vattenkraftens utbyggnad pĂ„gĂ„r sedan lĂ€nge omfattande odlings- och utsĂ€ttningsverksamhet baserad pĂ„ lax och öring med ursprung frĂ„n KlarĂ€lven och GullspĂ„ngsĂ€lven. I dessa vattendrag förekommer Ă€ven vild produktion av lax, och dĂ€r finns ocksĂ„ de idag viktigaste uppvĂ€xtomrĂ„dena för sjövandrande vildfödd öring. KlarĂ€lvens och GullspĂ„ngsĂ€lvens lax- och öringstammar anses ha högt bevarandevĂ€rde. De utgör samtidigt vĂ€rdefulla biologiska resurser för fisket. LĂ„ngvarigt svaga vilda bestĂ„nd, en odlingsverksamhet som lĂ€nge baserade sig pĂ„ ett lĂ„gt antal avelsfiskar, förekomst av stamkorsningar samt genutbyte mellan odlad och vild fisk förvĂ€ntas ha förĂ€ndrat stammarnas genetiska sammansĂ€ttning. Hittills har det emellertid varit oklart hur stora förĂ€ndringar som Ă€gt rum och hur ”genetiskt ursprungliga” dagens stammar Ă€r. I denna rapport presenteras en omfattande genetisk kartlĂ€ggning av vild och odlad lax och öring av GullspĂ„ngs- respektive KlarĂ€lvsstam. Genom att jĂ€mföra genetisk information (mikrosatellit-DNA) som extraherats frĂ„n fjĂ€llprover insamlade under tidigare decennier med nutida material har det varit möjligt att analysera hur stammarna förĂ€ndrats. Samma information har Ă€ven anvĂ€nts för att skatta stammarnas genetiskt effektiva populationsstorlekar samt graden av genflöde och genetisk stamblandning (hybridisering). Resultaten visar att GullspĂ„ngsĂ€lvens och KlarĂ€lvens lax- och öringstammar har förĂ€ndrats sedan 1960-talet tack vare en kombination av genflöde och slumpmĂ€ssiga genetiska förĂ€ndringar orsakade av fĂ„ förĂ€ldrafiskar (s.k. genetisk drift). Trots att förĂ€ndringarna i flera fall har varit pĂ„tagliga Ă„terstĂ„r Ă€nnu tydliga stamskillnader, och det Ă€r sĂ„ledes befogat att Ă€ven fortsĂ€ttningsvis betrakta VĂ€nerstammarna som genetiskt unika och skyddsvĂ€rda. Resultaten Ă€r samtidigt mycket bekymmersamma. Exempelvis har andelen ”ursprungliga gener” hos dagens GullspĂ„ngslax skattats till endast ca 70 %, vilket motsvarar ett tillskott av omkring 6–9 % ”KlarĂ€lvsgener” per generation sedan 1960-talet – en mycket hög nivĂ„. Avslutningsvis ges ett antal rekommendationer som syftar till att skydda och bevara VĂ€nerstammarnas genetiska status mer effektivt Ă€n hittills. Ett framgĂ„ngsrikt framtida bevarandearbete utgör en nödvĂ€ndighet för den vilda och odlade laxens och öringens lĂ„ngsiktiga produktionsförmĂ„ga och fortlevnad, och Ă€r dĂ€rigenom Ă€ven en grundförutsĂ€ttning för ett lĂ„ngsiktligt hĂ„llbart laxfiske i VĂ€nern

    Orexin/hypocretin receptor chimaeras reveal structural features important for orexin peptide distinction

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    AbstractWe wanted to analyze the basis for the distinction between OX1 and OX2 orexin receptors by the known agonists, orexin-A, orexin-B and Ala11, d-Leu15-orexin-B, of which the latter two show some selectivity for OX2. For this, chimaeric OX1/OX2 and OX2/OX1 orexin receptors were generated. The receptors were transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells, and potencies of the agonists to elicit cytosolic Ca2+ elevation were measured. The results show that the N-terminal regions of the receptor are most important, and the exchange of the area from the C-terminal part of the transmembrane helix 2 to the transmembrane helix 4 is enough to lead to an almost total change of the receptor’s ligand profile

    Cost-effective building renovation strategies at the district level combining energy efficiency & renewables – investigation based on parametric calculations with generic districts

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    Informe generado en el marco del Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme de la International Energy AgencyThis report aims to study cost-effective strategies to combine energy efficiency measures and renewable energy use in building renovation at the district level and to investigate factors influencing the choice of a cost-effective strategy. This is done through generic district assessments, where hypothetical, “generic” districts are generated to model typical conditions in various European countries. For the generic districts, relevant variables were defined to carry out parametric assessments, applying and testing the methodology developed in IEA EBC Annex 75. The generic districts were generated and selected based on the typical conditions in each country, and the hypothetical nature of the assessment allowed for studying different starting conditions and renovation measures. It is, in particular, investigated to what extent there are synergies and trade-offs for combining energy efficiency measures and renewable energy measure

    The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

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    Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

    Weld Analysis in Combustion Chambers Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Load Conditions

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    At cyclic operation of gas turbines, components are subjected to thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) due to the high temperature gradients that arises. In this thesis life assessment of welds in combustion chambers are at focus. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB uses a method they call the HQ-method to estimate the TMF life of components, but how well this estimation work with welds have not been investigated before and is therefore unclear. Because of this unclearness, an additional reduction factor is used take this into account. The goal of this thesis is to conduct a study of welds in the combustion chambers to get an overview of welds that are present, and to identify eventual problems with those. Furthermore, an analysis of a selected weld is performed and the results are evaluated by using the HQ-method. For this analysis, a TIG weld on a test specimen of Hastelloy X is selected as both the weld method and the material are commonly used in combustion chambers. The specimen is chosen due to the possibility to verify the results using a test rig designed for TMF-tests. The results show that the HQ-method, with the assumptions made today, yields a life of welds considered very low compared with the base metal. Also the location of the most severely loaded point is questionable. Further investigations also show that residual stresses in the weld relax quickly and the creep rate of the weld does not make any particular difference to expected life. To verify the results and clarify some questions it is therefore suggested that the commenced investigation continues with real tests on the weld. As the results show that the creep rate is unimportant to the fatigue life, the parameter should be ruled out from the investigation and the objective should instead be to find the accurate yield strength of the weld, and study if failure occurs in or outside the weld.Vid cyklisk drift av gasturbiner utsÀtts komponenterna för termomekanisk utmattning (TMF) pÄ grund av de höga temperaturgradienter som uppkommer. I detta arbete Àr livslÀngdsbedömningen av svetsar i brÀnnkammare i fokus. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB anvÀnder en metod som de kallar för HQ-metoden för att bedöma livslÀngden av komponenter utsatta för TMF men hur vÀl denna bedömning stÀmmer pÄ svetsar Àr oklart. PÄ grund av denna oklarhet anvÀnds en extra reduceringsfaktor för att ta hÀnsyn till detta. MÄlet med detta arbete Àr att göra en undersökning av svetsar i brÀnnkammare för att fÄ en överblick av vilka svetsar som finns samt att identifiera eventuella problem med dessa. Vidare ska en analys pÄ en utvald svets utföras och resultaten ska utvÀrderas med HQ-metoden. Till denna analys vÀljs en TIG-svets pÄ en provstav av Hastelloy X dÄ bÄde svetsmetoden och materialet Àr vanligt förekommande i brÀnnkammare. Provstaven valdes eftersom den ger en möjlighet att verifiera resultaten i en provrigg avsedd för TMF-prov. Resultaten visar att HQ-metoden, med de antaganden som görs idag, ger en livslÀngd pÄ svetsar som Àr vÀldigt lÄg i förhÄllande till grundmaterialet. OcksÄ placeringen av den mest pÄkÀnda punkten kan ifrÄgasÀttas. Vidare visar Àven undersökningen att restspÀnningar i svetsen relaxerar snabbt och att kryphastigheten i svetsen inte gör nÄgon speciell skillnad pÄ den förvÀntade livslÀngden. För att verifiera resultaten samt klargöra vissa frÄgetecken föreslÄs dÀrför att den pÄbörjade undersökningen fortsÀtter med riktiga tester pÄ svetsar. Eftersom resultaten visar att kryphastigheten endast Àr av ringa betydelse ska den parametern uteslutas ur undersökningen och mÄlet ska istÀllet vara att finna den korrekta strÀckgrÀnsen i svetsen samt studera om brott uppkommer i eller utanför svetsen.
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