29 research outputs found

    "Smoking in Children's Environment Test": a qualitative study of experiences of a new instrument applied in preventive work in child health care

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    Background Despite knowledge of the adverse health effects of passive smoking, children are still   being exposed. Children's nurses play an important role in tobacco preventive work   through dialogue with parents aimed at identifying how children can be protected from   environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. The study describes the experiences of   Child Health Care (CHC) nurses when using the validated instrument SiCET (Smoking   in Children's Environment Test) in dialogue with parents. Method In an intervention in CHC centres in south-eastern Sweden nurses were invited to use   the SiCET. Eighteen nurses participated in focus group interviews. Transcripts were   reviewed and their contents were coded into categories by three investigators using   the method described for focus groups interviews. Results The SiCET was used in dialogue with parents in tobacco preventive work and resulted   in focused discussions on smoking and support for behavioural changes among parents.   The instrument had both strengths and limitations. The nurses experienced that the   SiCET facilitated dialogue with parents and gave a comprehensive view of the child's   ETS exposure. This gave nurses the possibility of taking on a supportive role by offering   parents long-term help in protecting their child from ETS exposure and in considering   smoking cessation. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the SiCET supports nurses in their dialogue with parents   on children's ETS exposure at CHC. There is a need for more clinical use and evaluation   of the SiCET to determine its usefulness in clinical practice under varying circumstances.funding agnencies|Swedish National Institute of Public Health||Futurum - The Academy for Healthcare, Jonkoping County Council|

    Rosendal

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    Rosendal ligger i nordvĂ€stra SkĂ„ne, i Kropps socken strax nordöst om Helsingborg. I denna uppsats behandlas godsets omgivningar ur ett dĂ„tida, nutida och framtida perspektiv. Betoningen ligger pĂ„ park och trĂ€dgĂ„rd, men Ă€ven det omgivande landskapet behandlas översiktligt. Rosendals historia tar sin början Ă„r 1615, dĂ„ lĂ€nsmannen Bille lĂ€t anlĂ€gga godset i vattenrika omgivningar. Slottet bestod endast av en flygel som tillsammans med ekonomilĂ€ngorna omslöt en stor borggĂ„rd. Allt omgavs av en bred vallgrav som tjĂ€nade som försvar mot fiender. Under 1600-talet fanns antagligen inte mycket vĂ€xtlighet i slottets omgivningar eftersom sĂ„dan skulle ha tjĂ€nat som skydd för fiender. Det fanns dock en trĂ€dgĂ„rd med Ă„tta regelbundna kvarter och ett litet lusthus norr om slottet. Under 1700-talet inrymde anlĂ€ggningen enligt en samtida kĂ€lla bl.a. frukttrĂ€d i kvarter, hĂ€ckar och en parterr samt allĂ©er, plantager, skogslundar och en vacker humlegĂ„rd. Under mitten av 1700-talet skedde stora förĂ€ndringar i anlĂ€ggningen, inspirerade av barocken. Till slottet adderades den östra flygeln med sitt torn. De centralaxlar i form av blandallĂ©er som idag delvis Ă„terfinns i anlĂ€ggningen tillkom ocksĂ„ under 1700-talet. Även den sĂ„ kallade MossgĂ„ngen tillkom troligtvis under denna tid, liksom den klippta lövgĂ„ngen/bersĂ„n av lind och avenbok. Större delen av bersĂ„n finns kvar Ă€n idag, dock nĂ„got förvuxen. Av MossgĂ„ngen Ă„terstĂ„r idag bara enstaka gamla trĂ€d och flera stora stubbar. Den VĂ€stra trĂ€dgĂ„rden som troligtvis tillkom under 1700-talet var indelad i fyra kvarter. Under 1700-talet förĂ€ndrades troligtvis kvartersindelningen i den Norra TrĂ€dgĂ„rden till tolv kvarter och sĂ„ sĂ„g det sedan ut en bit in pĂ„ 1900-talet. Under 1700-talet och 1800-talets början var Lunden en Ă€ngsmark bevuxen med ekar. Parken med det slingrande gĂ„ngsystemet inom Lunden torde ha tillkommit nĂ„gon gĂ„ng mellan 1820-1852. Även den VĂ€stra trĂ€dgĂ„rden fick under 1800-talet, i tidens anda, mer böljande former. BorggĂ„rden verkar ha sett ungefĂ€r likadan ut genom tiderna. Den pĂ„ 1800-talet anlagda buxbomslabyrinten stod kvar i det sydvĂ€stra hörnet av Norra trĂ€dgĂ„rden till 1960-talet dĂ„ parken omdanades. Norra och östra vallgraven dikades troligen ut i slutet av 1800-talet. I enlighet med tidens ideal var Rosendal under 1900-talets början en nyttotrĂ€dgĂ„rd och liksom under föregĂ„ende Ă„rhundrade inramad av hĂ€ckar. HĂ€cken lĂ€ngs Norra trĂ€dgĂ„rden bestĂ„ende av avenbok har idag förvuxit sig till ett grönskande lövvalv. Den fruktodling i Norra trĂ€dgĂ„rden, som vi i dag ser spĂ„r av i form av enstaka Ă€ppeltrĂ€d, kom till under 2:a vĂ€rldskriget. Det fanns dock frukttrĂ€d lĂ„ngt tidigare. I VĂ€stra trĂ€dgĂ„rden finns ett stort rhododendronbuskage som bör ha tillkommit nĂ„gon gĂ„ng pĂ„ 1920-talet. I övrigt har stora förĂ€ndringar genomförts och bara fragment av den Ă€ldre anlĂ€ggningen finns kvar. Av vĂ€xthuset som stod vid trĂ€dgĂ„rdsmĂ€starbostaden finns bara fundamentet kvar. Under 1960- och 1970-talet skedde en rad förĂ€ndringar under H. Steen Christensens ledning. Branten mot den torrlagda norra vallgraven planades ut, och bĂ€cken fick en mer slingrande form, vilket bidrar till det romantiska uttrycket i dagens anlĂ€ggning. Bron över bĂ€cken och de idag delvis övervĂ€xta trapporna tillkom under denna tid liksom sockertoppsgranarna och rhododendrondalen. Med tiden blev det för dyrt och tidskrĂ€vande att klippa grĂ€set i den norra delen, vilket gjorde att fĂ„r fick ta över grĂ€sskötseln. Dessa bidrar till den tĂ€mligen idylliska stĂ€mningen. Den södra allĂ©n som i början av 1900-talet delvis bestod av fyra trĂ€drader bestĂ„r idag bara av tvĂ„. I denna har man Ă„terplanterat trĂ€d, vilket gör den mer homogen Ă€n den norra som bara delvis Ă€r bevarad. Lunden Ă€r idag en vacker betesmark, glest bevuxen med framförallt stora ekar. OmrĂ„det splittrades dock beklagligt nog av motorvĂ€gsbygget pĂ„ 1970-talet. Hela Lundens skötsel styrs idag av ett naturvĂ„rdsavtal och stora delar av den klassas som nyckelbiotoper med sĂ€rskilt höga naturvĂ€rden. Parken som ursprungligen Ă€r en del av Lunden karakteriseras idag frĂ€mst av högvuxna bokar och sly. HĂ€r finns Ă€ven nĂ„gra trĂ€d som inte hör hemma i den naturlika skogsmiljön, nĂ€mligen tall, lĂ€rktrĂ€d och jĂ€ttethujor, vilket vittnar om att omrĂ„det varit en romantisk 1800-tals park. Med utgĂ„ngspunkt i den historiska dokumentationen och inventeringen av dagens vĂ€xtmaterial analyseras anlĂ€ggningens vĂ€rden utifrĂ„n flera kriterier. Dessutom har en översiktlig bevarandestrategi utarbetats, med byggnadsminnesförklaringen frĂ„n Ă„r 2005 i Ă„tanke. I strategin betonas att ett varsamt bevarande med restaurerande insatser bör tillĂ€mpas pĂ„ anlĂ€ggningen i stort, men att Ă€ven punktvisa rekonstruktioner kan bli aktuella i mindre delar av anlĂ€ggningen. Slottet skulle i framtiden kunna bredda sin funktion och öppnas upp för allmĂ€nheten med spökvandringar, marknader, teaterförestĂ€llningar och cafĂ©verksamhet som exempel pĂ„ nya verksamheter. För att bevara det omgivande landskapets och trĂ€dgĂ„rdsanlĂ€ggningarnas vĂ€rden föresprĂ„kas en kontinuerlig föryngring och Ă„terplantering av utgĂ„nget och döende vĂ€xtmaterial i samtliga delar av anlĂ€ggningen. Dessutom framhĂ„lls vikten av fortsatt bete bĂ„de i det omgivande landskapet, Lunden, Norra trĂ€dgĂ„rden och Gamla dammen

    Aktivitetskort i undervisningen : UtvÀrdering av ett micropausmaterial

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    Syftet med studien var att undersöka om micropauser med sÄkallade aktivitetskort kunde leda till ökad koncentration och arbetsvilja hos elever. Aktivitetskortleken Àr en kortlek med korta pausaktiviteter som lÀrare skall kunna anvÀnda under sÄkallade micropauser. Syftet med studien var ocksÄ att undersöka huruvida aktivitetskortleken hade nÄgra begrÀnsningar och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Metoden som anvÀndes för att besvara studiens frÄgestÀllningar var ett utvÀrderingsformulÀr som fyra lÀrare som under tvÄ veckor anvÀnt aktivitetskortleken besvarade. Resultatet av studien visade dels att kortleken bidrog till ökad koncentration i form av arbetsvilja och motivation samt dels till att göra eleverna livliga och stojiga. Kortleken utvecklades med sex nya kort för att jÀmna ut balansen mellan de mest energigivande korten och de nya lugnande aktiviteterna i form av avslappningsövningar och massage. Kortleken har inte nÄgra direkta begrÀnsningar gÀllande elevernas Älder eller undervisande Àmne

    Blir man friskare av gudstjÀnster? : En jÀmförande studie i tvÄ steg av existentiell hÀlsa hos pensionÀrer.

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    For several decades much research has shown that people who often attend religious services estimate their life quality and health higher than people who never attend church. (e g Koenig, McCullough & Larson, 2001, 2012). Much of this research has been done in USA. What about Sweden - one of the most secularized countries in the world? The theories of existential epidemiology and of the importance of existential health to other aspects of health from prof. Valerie DeMarinis were used as a theoretical base in this study.  The purpose of this mixed method sequential study was to compare 247 elderly (medium age 75) according to their frequencies of church attendance: Were there any significant correlations between frequency of church attendance and existential health according to WHOQOL-SRPB? Where there any significant correlations between existential health and the other aspects of health assessed in WHOQOL?  What factors were mentioned as explanations to existential health among elderly in this secular country? This question was investigated in the second qualitative part of the study where eight interviews were done, four with persons who never attend church and four who often did. The interview persons were matced to demografic variables and to general health according to WHOQOL. Statistical calculations were made with Spearmans rank order correlation and Mann-Withneys U-test for nonparametri variables. The interviews were analyzed both inductively and deductively.  The results showed significant correlations on 0,01 level between church attendance and all aspects of existential health in SRPB. The result also showed significant correlations between every aspect of existential health to other aspects of health, most clearly to social and psychological health. The correations were stronger to some of the aspects of existential health. It was also  a clear difference in existential health accordning to assessment on SRPB between the two groups.  For intrview persons who never attend church the ways to get existential health was for three of them to engage in different activities as physical exercise, music, spending time with relatives and friends. The fourth person, who estimated higher on SRPB, described a number of aspects of existential health. Among those who often attend Sunday service this was not per se a a factor mentioned as an explanation to their high existential health. Instead it was their Christian faith as a whole that made their existential health.  Researchers in Psychology of religion in Sweden claim an existential epidemiology spread, especially in groups of young people and immigrants. This study shows rather low existential health also in a group of elderly . A collaboration between health care centers and local priests, deacons, pastors and imams are suggested to prevent and treat low existential health. 

    EN SOL I VARDAGEN om lÀsprojekt i grundskolan

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    Syftet med detta examensarbete Àr att belysa begreppet och företeelsen lÀsprojekt och att undersöka varför lÀrare vÀljer att arbeta med och i lÀsprojekt. Första delen bestÄr av textstudier dÀr begreppet och företeelsen sÀtts in i ett historiskt och samhÀlleligt sammanhang och dÀr definitioner görs. Andra delen bestÄr av resultat frÄn fÀltundersökningar och intervjuer och beskriver hur tre sinsemellan mycket olika lÀsprojekt i grundskolan ser ut och vad de inblandade lÀrarna tycker om sina lÀsprojekt. I diskussionen konstateras att lÀsprojekt har rötter bÄde i den reformpedagogiska traditionen och i ett engagemang för lÀsning frÄn samhÀllets sida, men att lÀsprojekten inte har nÄgon fast och given form. Slutsatsen som dras Àr att lÀrarna vÀljer att arbeta med och i lÀsprojekt, eftersom de likt en sol lyser upp skolvardagen för bÄde lÀrare och elever och dÀrför upplevs som mycket stimulerande

    Blir man friskare av gudstjÀnster? : En jÀmförande studie i tvÄ steg av existentiell hÀlsa hos pensionÀrer.

    No full text
    For several decades much research has shown that people who often attend religious services estimate their life quality and health higher than people who never attend church. (e g Koenig, McCullough & Larson, 2001, 2012). Much of this research has been done in USA. What about Sweden - one of the most secularized countries in the world? The theories of existential epidemiology and of the importance of existential health to other aspects of health from prof. Valerie DeMarinis were used as a theoretical base in this study.  The purpose of this mixed method sequential study was to compare 247 elderly (medium age 75) according to their frequencies of church attendance: Were there any significant correlations between frequency of church attendance and existential health according to WHOQOL-SRPB? Where there any significant correlations between existential health and the other aspects of health assessed in WHOQOL?  What factors were mentioned as explanations to existential health among elderly in this secular country? This question was investigated in the second qualitative part of the study where eight interviews were done, four with persons who never attend church and four who often did. The interview persons were matced to demografic variables and to general health according to WHOQOL. Statistical calculations were made with Spearmans rank order correlation and Mann-Withneys U-test for nonparametri variables. The interviews were analyzed both inductively and deductively.  The results showed significant correlations on 0,01 level between church attendance and all aspects of existential health in SRPB. The result also showed significant correlations between every aspect of existential health to other aspects of health, most clearly to social and psychological health. The correations were stronger to some of the aspects of existential health. It was also  a clear difference in existential health accordning to assessment on SRPB between the two groups.  For intrview persons who never attend church the ways to get existential health was for three of them to engage in different activities as physical exercise, music, spending time with relatives and friends. The fourth person, who estimated higher on SRPB, described a number of aspects of existential health. Among those who often attend Sunday service this was not per se a a factor mentioned as an explanation to their high existential health. Instead it was their Christian faith as a whole that made their existential health.  Researchers in Psychology of religion in Sweden claim an existential epidemiology spread, especially in groups of young people and immigrants. This study shows rather low existential health also in a group of elderly . A collaboration between health care centers and local priests, deacons, pastors and imams are suggested to prevent and treat low existential health. 

    Upplevelser av nedsatt svÀljningsförmÄga hos personer med dysfagi till följd av stroke

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    Stroke is one of the most common diseases in Sweden and the third most common cause of death (National guidelines concerning stroke, 2000). Dysphagia is a common problem for stroke patients with almost 50 percent of patients suffering from severe swallowing dysfunction (Axelsson, Asplund, Norberg & Eriksson, 1989). The purpose of this study was to investigate how stroke patients with dysphagia experience their swallowing disorders. The method used was a qualitative literature study. An analysis of content was carried out using ideas and inspiration from Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The results are presented in three categories: lost swallowing function, changed sense of community and lost hope for recovery. The results showed that stroke patients with swallowing dysfunction were influenced in different ways: physically, psychologically and socially. The nursing staff have an important role trying to understand patients' experiences in order to offer them the best care

    The External Costs of Traffic Air Pollution. Proposal of method for cost calculations based on an examination of ExternE-calculations for Stockholm and Sweden

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    In 2002 the external costs of air pollution from the Swedish transport sector were calculated using the methodology developed within the EU-funded ExternE-projects. A comparison of these estimates with those presently in use in Swedish transport analysis revealed important differences, especially for particulate matter. The main purpose of this project was to examine the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study and based on the findings from this examination propose a method to be used for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impacts. In addition, the methods used for the cost calculation for pollutants with regional impact should be described. In the report, the results are presented in two parts. In the first part, the method we propose for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impact is presented. We suggest that the calculation is based on three components; exposure estimates, effects estimates and values. The product of these three gives the final cost. In this part of the report we also present the approaches currently used to calculate the cost for pollutants with a regional impact. In part two of the report we present in greater detail the findings from the examination of the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study

    The External Costs of Traffic Air Pollution : Proposal of method for cost calculations based on an examination of ExternE-calculations for Stockholm and Sweden

    No full text
    In 2002 the external costs of air pollution from the Swedish transport sector were calculated using the methodology developed within the EU-funded ExternE-projects. A comparison of these estimates with those presently in use in Swedish transport analysis revealed important differences, especially for particulate matter. The main purpose of this project was to examine the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study and based on the findings from this examination propose a method to be used for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impacts. In addition, the methods used for the cost calculation for pollutants with regional impact should be described. In the report, the results are presented in two parts. In the first part, the method we propose for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impact is presented. We suggest that the calculation is based on three components; exposure estimates, effects estimates and values. The product of these three gives the final cost. In this part of the report we also present the approaches currently used to calculate the cost for pollutants with a regional impact. In part two of the report we present in greater detail the findings from the examination of the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study
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