29 research outputs found
"Smoking in Children's Environment Test": a qualitative study of experiences of a new instrument applied in preventive work in child health care
Background Despite knowledge of the adverse health effects of passive smoking, children are still  being exposed. Children's nurses play an important role in tobacco preventive work  through dialogue with parents aimed at identifying how children can be protected from  environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. The study describes the experiences of  Child Health Care (CHC) nurses when using the validated instrument SiCET (Smoking  in Children's Environment Test) in dialogue with parents. Method In an intervention in CHC centres in south-eastern Sweden nurses were invited to use  the SiCET. Eighteen nurses participated in focus group interviews. Transcripts were  reviewed and their contents were coded into categories by three investigators using  the method described for focus groups interviews. Results The SiCET was used in dialogue with parents in tobacco preventive work and resulted  in focused discussions on smoking and support for behavioural changes among parents.  The instrument had both strengths and limitations. The nurses experienced that the  SiCET facilitated dialogue with parents and gave a comprehensive view of the child's  ETS exposure. This gave nurses the possibility of taking on a supportive role by offering  parents long-term help in protecting their child from ETS exposure and in considering  smoking cessation. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the SiCET supports nurses in their dialogue with parents  on children's ETS exposure at CHC. There is a need for more clinical use and evaluation  of the SiCET to determine its usefulness in clinical practice under varying circumstances.funding agnencies|Swedish National Institute of Public Health||Futurum - The Academy for Healthcare, Jonkoping County Council|
Rosendal
Rosendal ligger i nordvÀstra SkÄne, i Kropps socken strax nordöst om Helsingborg. I denna uppsats behandlas godsets omgivningar ur ett dÄtida, nutida och framtida perspektiv. Betoningen ligger pÄ park och trÀdgÄrd, men Àven det omgivande landskapet behandlas översiktligt.
Rosendals historia tar sin början Är 1615, dÄ lÀnsmannen Bille lÀt anlÀgga godset i vattenrika omgivningar. Slottet bestod endast av en flygel som tillsammans med ekonomilÀngorna omslöt en stor borggÄrd. Allt omgavs av en bred vallgrav som tjÀnade som försvar mot fiender. Under 1600-talet fanns antagligen inte mycket vÀxtlighet i slottets omgivningar eftersom sÄdan skulle ha tjÀnat som skydd för fiender. Det fanns dock en trÀdgÄrd med Ätta regelbundna kvarter och ett litet lusthus norr om slottet.
Under 1700-talet inrymde anlĂ€ggningen enligt en samtida kĂ€lla bl.a. frukttrĂ€d i kvarter, hĂ€ckar och en parterr samt allĂ©er, plantager, skogslundar och en vacker humlegĂ„rd. Under mitten av 1700-talet skedde stora förĂ€ndringar i anlĂ€ggningen, inspirerade av barocken. Till slottet adderades den östra flygeln med sitt torn. De centralaxlar i form av blandallĂ©er som idag delvis Ă„terfinns i anlĂ€ggningen tillkom ocksĂ„ under 1700-talet. Ăven den sĂ„ kallade MossgĂ„ngen tillkom troligtvis under denna tid, liksom den klippta lövgĂ„ngen/bersĂ„n av lind och avenbok. Större delen av bersĂ„n finns kvar Ă€n idag, dock nĂ„got förvuxen. Av MossgĂ„ngen Ă„terstĂ„r idag bara enstaka gamla trĂ€d och flera stora stubbar. Den VĂ€stra trĂ€dgĂ„rden som troligtvis tillkom under 1700-talet var indelad i fyra kvarter. Under 1700-talet förĂ€ndrades troligtvis kvartersindelningen i den Norra TrĂ€dgĂ„rden till tolv kvarter och sĂ„ sĂ„g det sedan ut en bit in pĂ„ 1900-talet.
Under 1700-talet och 1800-talets början var Lunden en Ă€ngsmark bevuxen med ekar. Parken med det slingrande gĂ„ngsystemet inom Lunden torde ha tillkommit nĂ„gon gĂ„ng mellan 1820-1852. Ăven den VĂ€stra trĂ€dgĂ„rden fick under 1800-talet, i tidens anda, mer böljande former. BorggĂ„rden verkar ha sett ungefĂ€r likadan ut genom tiderna. Den pĂ„ 1800-talet anlagda buxbomslabyrinten stod kvar i det sydvĂ€stra hörnet av Norra trĂ€dgĂ„rden till 1960-talet dĂ„ parken omdanades. Norra och östra vallgraven dikades troligen ut i slutet av 1800-talet.
I enlighet med tidens ideal var Rosendal under 1900-talets början en nyttotrÀdgÄrd och liksom under föregÄende Ärhundrade inramad av hÀckar. HÀcken lÀngs Norra trÀdgÄrden bestÄende av avenbok har idag förvuxit sig till ett grönskande lövvalv. Den fruktodling i Norra trÀdgÄrden, som vi i dag ser spÄr av i form av enstaka ÀppeltrÀd, kom till under 2:a vÀrldskriget. Det fanns dock frukttrÀd lÄngt tidigare. I VÀstra trÀdgÄrden finns ett stort rhododendronbuskage som bör ha tillkommit nÄgon gÄng pÄ 1920-talet. I övrigt har stora förÀndringar genomförts och bara fragment av den Àldre anlÀggningen finns kvar. Av vÀxthuset som stod vid trÀdgÄrdsmÀstarbostaden finns bara fundamentet kvar.
Under 1960- och 1970-talet skedde en rad förÀndringar under H. Steen Christensens ledning. Branten mot den torrlagda norra vallgraven planades ut, och bÀcken fick en mer slingrande form, vilket bidrar till det romantiska uttrycket i dagens anlÀggning. Bron över bÀcken och de idag delvis övervÀxta trapporna tillkom under denna tid liksom sockertoppsgranarna och rhododendrondalen. Med tiden blev det för dyrt och tidskrÀvande att klippa grÀset i den norra delen, vilket gjorde att fÄr fick ta över grÀsskötseln. Dessa bidrar till den tÀmligen idylliska stÀmningen.
Den södra allén som i början av 1900-talet delvis bestod av fyra trÀdrader bestÄr idag bara av tvÄ. I denna har man Äterplanterat trÀd, vilket gör den mer homogen Àn den norra som bara delvis Àr bevarad. Lunden Àr idag en vacker betesmark, glest bevuxen med framförallt stora ekar. OmrÄdet splittrades dock beklagligt nog av motorvÀgsbygget pÄ 1970-talet. Hela Lundens skötsel styrs idag av ett naturvÄrdsavtal och stora delar av den klassas som nyckelbiotoper med sÀrskilt höga naturvÀrden. Parken som ursprungligen Àr en del av Lunden karakteriseras idag frÀmst av högvuxna bokar och sly. HÀr finns Àven nÄgra trÀd som inte hör hemma i den naturlika skogsmiljön, nÀmligen tall, lÀrktrÀd och jÀttethujor, vilket vittnar om att omrÄdet varit en romantisk 1800-tals park.
Med utgÄngspunkt i den historiska dokumentationen och inventeringen av dagens vÀxtmaterial analyseras anlÀggningens vÀrden utifrÄn flera kriterier. Dessutom har en översiktlig bevarandestrategi utarbetats, med byggnadsminnesförklaringen frÄn Är 2005 i Ätanke. I strategin betonas att ett varsamt bevarande med restaurerande insatser bör tillÀmpas pÄ anlÀggningen i stort, men att Àven punktvisa rekonstruktioner kan bli aktuella i mindre delar av anlÀggningen. Slottet skulle i framtiden kunna bredda sin funktion och öppnas upp för allmÀnheten med spökvandringar, marknader, teaterförestÀllningar och caféverksamhet som exempel pÄ nya verksamheter. För att bevara det omgivande landskapets och trÀdgÄrdsanlÀggningarnas vÀrden föresprÄkas en kontinuerlig föryngring och Äterplantering av utgÄnget och döende vÀxtmaterial i samtliga delar av anlÀggningen. Dessutom framhÄlls vikten av fortsatt bete bÄde i det omgivande landskapet, Lunden, Norra trÀdgÄrden och Gamla dammen
Aktivitetskort i undervisningen : UtvÀrdering av ett micropausmaterial
Syftet med studien var att undersöka om micropauser med sÄkallade aktivitetskort kunde leda till ökad koncentration och arbetsvilja hos elever. Aktivitetskortleken Àr en kortlek med korta pausaktiviteter som lÀrare skall kunna anvÀnda under sÄkallade micropauser. Syftet med studien var ocksÄ att undersöka huruvida aktivitetskortleken hade nÄgra begrÀnsningar och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Metoden som anvÀndes för att besvara studiens frÄgestÀllningar var ett utvÀrderingsformulÀr som fyra lÀrare som under tvÄ veckor anvÀnt aktivitetskortleken besvarade. Resultatet av studien visade dels att kortleken bidrog till ökad koncentration i form av arbetsvilja och motivation samt dels till att göra eleverna livliga och stojiga. Kortleken utvecklades med sex nya kort för att jÀmna ut balansen mellan de mest energigivande korten och de nya lugnande aktiviteterna i form av avslappningsövningar och massage. Kortleken har inte nÄgra direkta begrÀnsningar gÀllande elevernas Älder eller undervisande Àmne
Blir man friskare av gudstjÀnster? : En jÀmförande studie i tvÄ steg av existentiell hÀlsa hos pensionÀrer.
For several decades much research has shown that people who often attend religious services estimate their life quality and health higher than people who never attend church. (e g Koenig, McCullough & Larson, 2001, 2012). Much of this research has been done in USA. What about Sweden - one of the most secularized countries in the world? The theories of existential epidemiology and of the importance of existential health to other aspects of health from prof. Valerie DeMarinis were used as a theoretical base in this study. The purpose of this mixed method sequential study was to compare 247 elderly (medium age 75) according to their frequencies of church attendance: Were there any significant correlations between frequency of church attendance and existential health according to WHOQOL-SRPB? Where there any significant correlations between existential health and the other aspects of health assessed in WHOQOL? What factors were mentioned as explanations to existential health among elderly in this secular country? This question was investigated in the second qualitative part of the study where eight interviews were done, four with persons who never attend church and four who often did. The interview persons were matced to demografic variables and to general health according to WHOQOL. Statistical calculations were made with Spearmans rank order correlation and Mann-Withneys U-test for nonparametri variables. The interviews were analyzed both inductively and deductively. The results showed significant correlations on 0,01 level between church attendance and all aspects of existential health in SRPB. The result also showed significant correlations between every aspect of existential health to other aspects of health, most clearly to social and psychological health. The correations were stronger to some of the aspects of existential health. It was also a clear difference in existential health accordning to assessment on SRPB between the two groups. For intrview persons who never attend church the ways to get existential health was for three of them to engage in different activities as physical exercise, music, spending time with relatives and friends. The fourth person, who estimated higher on SRPB, described a number of aspects of existential health. Among those who often attend Sunday service this was not per se a a factor mentioned as an explanation to their high existential health. Instead it was their Christian faith as a whole that made their existential health. Researchers in Psychology of religion in Sweden claim an existential epidemiology spread, especially in groups of young people and immigrants. This study shows rather low existential health also in a group of elderly . A collaboration between health care centers and local priests, deacons, pastors and imams are suggested to prevent and treat low existential health.Â
EN SOL I VARDAGEN om lÀsprojekt i grundskolan
Syftet med detta examensarbete Àr att belysa begreppet och företeelsen lÀsprojekt och att undersöka varför lÀrare vÀljer att arbeta med och i lÀsprojekt. Första delen bestÄr av textstudier dÀr begreppet och företeelsen sÀtts in i ett historiskt och samhÀlleligt sammanhang och dÀr definitioner görs. Andra delen bestÄr av resultat frÄn fÀltundersökningar och intervjuer och beskriver hur tre sinsemellan mycket olika lÀsprojekt i grundskolan ser ut och vad de inblandade lÀrarna tycker om sina lÀsprojekt. I diskussionen konstateras att lÀsprojekt har rötter bÄde i den reformpedagogiska traditionen och i ett engagemang för lÀsning frÄn samhÀllets sida, men att lÀsprojekten inte har nÄgon fast och given form. Slutsatsen som dras Àr att lÀrarna vÀljer att arbeta med och i lÀsprojekt, eftersom de likt en sol lyser upp skolvardagen för bÄde lÀrare och elever och dÀrför upplevs som mycket stimulerande
Blir man friskare av gudstjÀnster? : En jÀmförande studie i tvÄ steg av existentiell hÀlsa hos pensionÀrer.
For several decades much research has shown that people who often attend religious services estimate their life quality and health higher than people who never attend church. (e g Koenig, McCullough & Larson, 2001, 2012). Much of this research has been done in USA. What about Sweden - one of the most secularized countries in the world? The theories of existential epidemiology and of the importance of existential health to other aspects of health from prof. Valerie DeMarinis were used as a theoretical base in this study. The purpose of this mixed method sequential study was to compare 247 elderly (medium age 75) according to their frequencies of church attendance: Were there any significant correlations between frequency of church attendance and existential health according to WHOQOL-SRPB? Where there any significant correlations between existential health and the other aspects of health assessed in WHOQOL? What factors were mentioned as explanations to existential health among elderly in this secular country? This question was investigated in the second qualitative part of the study where eight interviews were done, four with persons who never attend church and four who often did. The interview persons were matced to demografic variables and to general health according to WHOQOL. Statistical calculations were made with Spearmans rank order correlation and Mann-Withneys U-test for nonparametri variables. The interviews were analyzed both inductively and deductively. The results showed significant correlations on 0,01 level between church attendance and all aspects of existential health in SRPB. The result also showed significant correlations between every aspect of existential health to other aspects of health, most clearly to social and psychological health. The correations were stronger to some of the aspects of existential health. It was also a clear difference in existential health accordning to assessment on SRPB between the two groups. For intrview persons who never attend church the ways to get existential health was for three of them to engage in different activities as physical exercise, music, spending time with relatives and friends. The fourth person, who estimated higher on SRPB, described a number of aspects of existential health. Among those who often attend Sunday service this was not per se a a factor mentioned as an explanation to their high existential health. Instead it was their Christian faith as a whole that made their existential health. Researchers in Psychology of religion in Sweden claim an existential epidemiology spread, especially in groups of young people and immigrants. This study shows rather low existential health also in a group of elderly . A collaboration between health care centers and local priests, deacons, pastors and imams are suggested to prevent and treat low existential health.Â
Upplevelser av nedsatt svÀljningsförmÄga hos personer med dysfagi till följd av stroke
Stroke is one of the most common diseases in Sweden and the third most common cause of death (National guidelines concerning stroke, 2000). Dysphagia is a common problem for stroke patients with almost 50 percent of patients suffering from severe swallowing dysfunction (Axelsson, Asplund, Norberg & Eriksson, 1989). The purpose of this study was to investigate how stroke patients with dysphagia experience their swallowing disorders. The method used was a qualitative literature study. An analysis of content was carried out using ideas and inspiration from Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The results are presented in three categories: lost swallowing function, changed sense of community and lost hope for recovery. The results showed that stroke patients with swallowing dysfunction were influenced in different ways: physically, psychologically and socially. The nursing staff have an important role trying to understand patients' experiences in order to offer them the best care
The External Costs of Traffic Air Pollution. Proposal of method for cost calculations based on an examination of ExternE-calculations for Stockholm and Sweden
In 2002 the external costs of air pollution from the Swedish transport sector were calculated using the methodology developed within the EU-funded ExternE-projects. A comparison of these estimates with those presently in use in Swedish transport analysis revealed important differences, especially for particulate matter. The main purpose of this project was to examine the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study and based on the findings from this examination propose a method to be used for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impacts. In addition, the methods used for the cost calculation for pollutants with regional impact should be described. In the report, the results are presented in two parts. In the first part, the method we propose for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impact is presented. We suggest that the calculation is based on three components; exposure estimates, effects estimates and values. The product of these three gives the final cost. In this part of the report we also present the approaches currently used to calculate the cost for pollutants with a regional impact. In part two of the report we present in greater detail the findings from the examination of the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study
The External Costs of Traffic Air Pollution : Proposal of method for cost calculations based on an examination of ExternE-calculations for Stockholm and Sweden
In 2002 the external costs of air pollution from the Swedish transport sector were calculated using the methodology developed within the EU-funded ExternE-projects. A comparison of these estimates with those presently in use in Swedish transport analysis revealed important differences, especially for particulate matter. The main purpose of this project was to examine the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study and based on the findings from this examination propose a method to be used for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impacts. In addition, the methods used for the cost calculation for pollutants with regional impact should be described. In the report, the results are presented in two parts. In the first part, the method we propose for the cost calculation for pollutants with local impact is presented. We suggest that the calculation is based on three components; exposure estimates, effects estimates and values. The product of these three gives the final cost. In this part of the report we also present the approaches currently used to calculate the cost for pollutants with a regional impact. In part two of the report we present in greater detail the findings from the examination of the calculations for Stockholm in the Swedish ExternE-study