Nutrição mineral de hortaliças: XXIX. absorção de macronutrientes por quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria spp.)

The aim of this work was to estimate the differences in growth (dry weight basis), nutrients uptake, fruits yield, total uptake and exportation of nutrients among several strawberry cultivars: Campinas (IAC-2712), Camanducaia (IAC-3530), Monte Alegre (IAC-3113) and SH-2. The experimental was carried out in the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", in field conditions, in 1975/76. The soil belongs to Terra Roxa Estruturada type, and "Luiz de Queiroz" serie. This soil has been cultivated for more than 25 years. The experimental design was that randomized blocks with four replications and analysed together following the design of split-plot. The soil of the plots were revolved to a deep of 12 cm following application of 10 kg organic matter/m². The fertilizers were applied in the groove and in the same amount for all cultivars: Ammonium sulfate (20% N), 10 g/m; triple superphosphate (20% P(2)0(5)) 10 g/m; Potassium cloride (60% K(2)0), 10 g/m. Therty days after planting, 10 g/plant of ammonium sulfate was applied. After 76 days from planting, the firsa sample was taken. Other samples were taken in equal intervals of 20 days, up to 216 days. When a decrease in fruitproduction was noted. The sample (plants) were divided in stems, leaves and fruits and chemical analysis were made for N, R, K, Ca, Mg e S. The variation on production (dry matter) nutrient uptake' and fruits yield, were obtained from data calculated by adjusted regression equation analysis. The maxima point from these equations were taken to show the total nutrient uptake. From the data obtained, the following conclusions could be drawn. Growth - The dry matter of stems, leaves and fruits were different among the cultivars. The production of dry matter by the stems and fruits were linnear for all cultivars up to 196 and 216 days. The highest productions on dry matter varied between 15 to 25 g and 12 to 20 g/plant. The maximum production of dry matter in the leaves among the cultivars varied between 20 to 30 g at 196 and 173 days respectivelly. The cultivars Campinas (IAC-2712) and Camanducaia (IAC-3530) produced more dry matter than SH-2 cultivar. Nutrient uptake -< The were differences on nutrient content in stems and leaves among cultivars (R, K, Ca, S, B) and in the fruits for N, R, K, Mg, S. The highest absorption of nutrients (days after planting) is shown in Table I. Yield - No significant difference in fruit production was observed among the cultivars. The highest yield among the cultivars showed a variation between 103 to 151 g per plant at the 207 and 207 days,Efetuou-se um estudo para avaliar a absorção e a extração dos macronutrientes nos seguintes cultivares de morangueiro: Campinas (IAC-2712); Camanducaia (IAC-3530) ; Monte Alegre (IAC-3113) e SH-2 em condições de campo. A instalação deu-se em um solo pertencente ao grande grupo Terra Roxa Estruturada, e à série "Luiz de Queiroz" cultivado intensivamente com hortaliças há mais de 25 anos, em Piracicaba-SP. A adubação aplicada foi uniforme para todos os cultivares. São apresentadas as concentrações dos macronutrientes em porcentagem nos seguintes órgãos: caules, folhas e frutos dos cultivares em função da idade (X) em dias. Constatou-se que os cultivares diferem quanto à absorção dos macronutrientes (R, K, Ca e S em relação a caules e folhas, e, N, R, K, Mg e S em relação aos frutos). Constatou-se também que os cultivares extraem totais diferentes de R, K, Ca, Mg e S sendo as extrações de R pelos cultivares menores do que as extrações de Ca e Mg, e no global as de Mg são equivalentes às de S. As quantidades máximas extraídas pelos cultivares para uma população de 150.000 plantas/ha foram : N - 192 kg; R - 24-50 kg; K - 133-244 kg; Ca - 76-116 kg; Mg - 30-34 kg; S - 13-27 kg. - A maior produção de matéria seca tanto nos órgãos como na planta inteira, ocorreu nos cultivares Campinas (IAC-2712) e Camanducaia (IAC-3530) e a menor produção verificou-se no cultivar SH-2. - Os cultivares diferem na absorção dos nutrientes: R, K, Ca, S para caules e folhas. E para frutos, N, R, K, Mg e S. - Os cultivares atingem o máximo da absorção de nutrientes nos órgãos nas seguintes épocas, em dias: - Os cultivares extraem e exportam totais diferentes de R, K, Ca e Mg. - Tanto os macronutrientes são extraídos em quantidades mais elevadas através das folhas e em menor proporção por caules e frutos. - As extrações de N, K e Ca são mais altas que aquelas dos demais macronutrientes. - As extrações de R pelos cultivares são menores que as de Ca e Mg, sendo ainda as extrações de Ca superiores às de Mg, enquanto no global as de Mg são equivalentes às de S. - A extração de macronutrientes verifica-se na ordem decrescente: K, N, Ca, Mg, S e P

The choroid plexus as a sex hormone target: Functional implications

The choroid plexuses (CPs) are highly vascularized branched structures that protrude into the ventricles of the brain, and form a unique interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In recent years, novel functions have been attributed to this tissue such as in immune and chemical surveillance of the central nervous system, brain development, adult neurogenesis and circadian rhythm regulation. Sex hormones (SH) are widely recognized as modulators in several neurodegenerative diseases, and there is evidence that estrogens and androgens regulate several fundamental biological functions in the CPs. Therefore, SH are likely to affect the composition of the CSF impacting on brain homeostasis. This review will look at implications of the CPs' sex-related specificities.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal – http://www.fct.pt) project grants (PTDC/SAU-NEU/114800/2009); and by FEDER funds through the POCI – COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation in Axis I – Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (Project No. 007491) and National Funds by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology (Project UID/Multi/00709). Joana Tomás was supported by a grant from CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002015. Telma Quintela is a recipient of a FCT fellowship (SFRH/BPD/70781/2010). The work at ICVS/3B’s has the support of Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). Fernanda Marques is a recipient of a FCT Investigator award (IF/00231/2013) of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio