Timed written picture naming in 14 european languages

We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion & Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217\u2013236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output

The queering of photography: A generative encounter

This thesis considers what a queering of photography entails. It is situated in photographic studio practice using a large format camera, and is supported by aspects of materially informed, non-dialectical theories. Key thinkers include Karen Barad, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Johnny Golding, Martin Heidegger, Jean-François Lyotard, and Luce Irigaray. The original contribution to knowledge that this thesis offers comprises of a rethinking the ways in which a photograph is ontologically conditioned. It proposes a new concept of the photographic image that addresses its materiality – in the form of the poetic and the sensuous – in relationship to a generative principle: the photograph’s ability to claim agential movement outside of pre-established measures. This generativity forms the bases for a materially rooted, queer, methodology that overturns the binary rooted logic that underpins the dominant discourse of photography, for example truth/falsehood, copy/original, subject/object, analogue/digital. The thesis has been developed through the production of the photographic works Looking Out, Looking In; Turn; Figural, Figurative; Frame; and Skin, and is structured in three parts; Binary, Material Image, and Encounter. Binary problematises how representation has reduced queer to identity by positioning it in opposition to heteronormativity and photography’s amplification of this fixity. This concern of agential deficiency is further addressed by outlining how the photograph has been granted agency when theorised. The thesis proposes that the photograph has predominantly been conditioned as something less than what it is: as a mediator (of a referent, of the human psyche, of new technological dissemination). The second part, Material Image, turns to the photograph’s material constitution. Addressed materially, the photograph is enabled agency as image: no longer made passive as a mediator, it is ontologically conditioned through a self-referentiality. Queer is here presented as generative process where materialities and dimensions are renegotiated. The third part of the thesis, Encounter, addresses the causality underpinning this generative condition. While duration, light, and different spatial conditions within the camera optics comprise key ingredients, the metric measure enables their cohesion as image. In this way, the image reveals the queering of photography and the underpinning causality grounds it. Entangling traditional photographic disciplines with contemporary feminist concerns, this PhD culminates in making present how existence is conditioned through the human measure

Influence of CD4 or CD8 deficiency on collagen-induced arthritis

The role of T cells in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model for rheumatoid arthritis is not clarified, and different results have been reported concerning the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells. To address this issue, we have investigated B10.Q mice deficient for CD4 or CD8. The mice lacking CD4 were found to be less susceptible to disease, but not completely resistant, whereas the CD8 deficiency had no significant impact on the disease. No difference in the development of late occurring relapses was noted. Interestingly, the CD4-deficient mice had a severely reduced response to the glycosylated form of the immunodominant type II collagen (CII) 256–270 peptide whereas the response to the non-glycosylated peptide was not significantly different. Furthermore, CD4-deficient mice had lower antibody responses to CII, explaining the lower disease susceptibility. In comparison with previously reported results, it is apparent that the lack of CD4 molecules has a different impact on CIA if present on different genetic backgrounds, findings that could possibly be related to the occurrence of different disease pathways of CIA in different mouse strains