Zum Normativierungsstreit in Galicien

Seit fast 30 Jahren hat die autonome Region Galicien nun schon eine offiziell anerkannte sprachliche Norm und genauso lang besteht auch eine Spaltung der Experten. In dem Streit stehen sich die sogenannten Autonomisten, welche die offizielle Norm verteidigen und die Reintegrationisten, die das Portugiesische als Anhaltspunkt verwenden, gegenüber. Schon vor der Offizialisierung gab es Diskussionen und Debatten über die ideale Norm für das Galicische, aber erst mit der gesetzlichen Festlegung 1982 eskalierte der Streit. Auch wenn es oberflächlich um linguistische Fragen, allen voran die der Orthographie geht, hat man es hier jedoch viel eher mit einer politischen Problematik zu tun. Die Rolle des spanischen Nationalstaates, die galicische Identität und die von der regionalen Regierung Galiciens verfolgte Sprachpolitik sind äußerst wichtige Punkte in der Diskussion. Aktuell kann man von einem Fortbestehen des Normativierungsstreites sprechen, obwohl sich die Situation weitgehend entspannt hat und man versucht sich anzunähern. Die Lage, in der sich das Galicische heute befindet ist äußerst kritisch, man muss sich fragen, ob die Auseinandersetzungen der Experten überhaupt noch von Bedeutung sind und ob das Verschwinden des Galicischen durch einen Kurswechsel in der Sprachpolitik doch noch aufzuhalten wäre

Lernen im Museum mit Heft und Stift

Es wird ein exemplarisches Konzept non-personaler Kunstvermittlung in Form eines kunstpädagogischen Begleithefts für Kinder dargelegt. Dies wurde zur temporären Ausstellung „Rembrandt, Tizian, Bellotto – Geist und Glanz der Dresdner Gemäldegalerie“ in der Kunsthalle München (22.08.–23.11.2014) entwickelt, um individuelle und spielerisch-bildende Zugänge zu den Originalen zu eröffnen. Im Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie ein solches Vermittlungsprogramm von den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen und Rahmenbedingungen bis hin zum konkreten Endprodukt umgesetzt werden kann. Diese praktischen Anregungen für die kunstpädagogische Arbeit wollen zugleich ein systematisches Vorgehen für diese Art der musealen Kunstvermittlung etablieren

Lernen im Museum mit Heft und Stift

Es wird ein exemplarisches Konzept non-personaler Kunstvermittlung in Form eines kunstpädagogischen Begleithefts für Kinder dargelegt. Dies wurde zur temporären Ausstellung „Rembrandt, Tizian, Bellotto – Geist und Glanz der Dresdner Gemäldegalerie“ in der Kunsthalle München (22.08.–23.11.2014) entwickelt, um individuelle und spielerisch-bildende Zugänge zu den Originalen zu eröffnen. Im Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie ein solches Vermittlungsprogramm von den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen und Rahmenbedingungen bis hin zum konkreten Endprodukt umgesetzt werden kann. Diese praktischen Anregungen für die kunstpädagogische Arbeit wollen zugleich ein systematisches Vorgehen für diese Art der musealen Kunstvermittlung etablieren

Diseño organizacional basado en procesos y su influencia en la productividad laboral del Oleocentro The Caroline E.I.R.L., Chocope, 2019

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la implementación de un diseño organizacional basado en procesos en la productividad laboral en un oleocentro. El estudio fue pre experimental de pre test y post test, utilizando las técnicas de entrevista y observación validado y confiable (juicio de expertos) aplicados a los tres procesos operacionales: Ventas, Cambio de aceite y Lavado; y a los tres trabajadores: Administradora, Cambiador, Lavador y al Gerente General. Los datos fueron procesados en el software SPSS (t de Student) e indicadores, teniendo como resultados: En el proceso de venta con un p<0.05 aceptando la hipótesis alterna, se redujo de 1427.40 a 1164.37 segundos, y de S/.3.71 a S/.3.03 soles, en el proceso de cambio de aceite con un p<0.05 aceptando la hipótesis alterna, se redujo de 1510.22 a 1242.18 segundos, y de S/.3.92 a S/.3.23 soles y en el proceso de lavado con un p<0.05 aceptando la hipótesis alterna, se redujo de 3886.95 a 3563.15 segundos, y de S/.10.10 a S/.9.26 soles. Se concluyó que el diseño organizacional basado en procesos influye significativamente en la productividad laboral. Además, se proyecta un de VAN de 11,292.76, el TIR de 49% y un B/C de 2.10.The research aimed to determine the influence of the implementation of an organizational design based on processes in labor productivity in an oleocenter. The study was pre-experimental pre test and post-test, using validated and reliable interview and observation techniques (expert judgment) applied to the three operational processes: Sales, Oil Change and Washing; and to the three workers: Administrator, Changer, Washing Machine and the General Manager. The data were processed in the SPSS software (T student) and indicators, having as a result: In the sales process with a p <0.05 accepting the alternate hypothesis, it was reduced from 1427.40 to 1164.37 seconds, and from S/.3.71 to S/.3.03 soles, in the oil change process with a p <0.05 accepting the alternate hypothesis, it was reduced from 1510.22 to 1242.18 seconds, and from S/.3.92 to S/.3.23 soles and in the washing process with a p <0.05 accepting the alternate hypothesis, was reduced from 3886.95 to 3563.15 seconds, and from S/.10.10 to S/.9.26 soles. It was concluded that the process-based organizational design significantly influences labor productivity. In addition, a NPV of 11,292.76, the IRR of 49% and a B/C of 2.10 are projected

Hazards and disasters in the geological and geomorphological record: a key to understanding past and future hazards and disasters

Hazards and disasters have occurred throughout Earth's History and thus the geological record is an important resource for understanding future hazards and disasters. The Earth Science Group (ESG) of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) carried out a "Hazard and Disaster Event Survey" to identify Earth Science collections in European museums that represent hazards and disasters throughout the geological record, and recent times. The aim is to use the collections within the survey as an educational and research resource that promotes the importance of museum collections for understanding past and future hazard and disaster events. The survey pinpointed a wide variety of hazards (e.g. earthquakes, volcanism, floods, impact events, etc.), representing a vast time span in Earth's history (Proterozoic to Holocene), that are documented in the collections of the participating museums. Each hazard and disaster event has been described in terms of how they are preserved (e.g. fossil record or rock record), spatial scale, impact on life, and geological age. Here we showcase seven examples in detail which include well-known and less-known events from the survey that have contributed to our understanding of hazard and disaster processes and their impact on life. Also we present general conclusions and lessons learnt from the "Hazard and Disaster Event Survey"

European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome - Update 2017

In order to provide a common standard for the treatment of mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force (EORTC-CLTF) published in 2006 its consensus recommendations for the stage-adapted selection of management options for these neoplasms. Since then, the understanding of the pathophysiology and epidemiology of MF/SS has advanced, the staging system has been revised, new outcome data have been published and novel treatment options have been introduced. The purpose of the present document is to update the original recommendations bearing in mind that there are still only a limited number of controlled studies to support treatment decisions for MF/SS and that often treatment is determined by institutional experience and availability. This consensus on treatment recommendations was established among the authors through a series of consecutive consultations in writing and a round of discussion. Recommended treatment options are presented according to disease stage, whenever possible categorised into first-and second-line options and supported with levels of evidence as devised by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM). Skin-directed therapies are still the most appropriate option for early-stage MF, and most patients can look forward to a normal life expectancy. For patients with advanced disease, prognosis is still grim, and only for a highly selected subset of patients, prolonged survival can be achieved with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). There is a high need for the development and investigation in controlled clinical trials of treatment options that are based on our increasing understanding of the molecular pathology of MF/SS. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Dense 4D nanoscale reconstruction of living brain tissue

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of living brain tissue down to an individual synapse level would create opportunities for decoding the dynamics and structure–function relationships of the brain’s complex and dense information processing network; however, this has been hindered by insufficient 3D resolution, inadequate signal-to-noise ratio and prohibitive light burden in optical imaging, whereas electron microscopy is inherently static. Here we solved these challenges by developing an integrated optical/machine-learning technology, LIONESS (live information-optimized nanoscopy enabling saturated segmentation). This leverages optical modifications to stimulated emission depletion microscopy in comprehensively, extracellularly labeled tissue and previous information on sample structure via machine learning to simultaneously achieve isotropic super-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and compatibility with living tissue. This allows dense deep-learning-based instance segmentation and 3D reconstruction at a synapse level, incorporating molecular, activity and morphodynamic information. LIONESS opens up avenues for studying the dynamic functional (nano-)architecture of living brain tissue

Fludarabine-treosulfan compared to thiotepa-busulfan-fludarabine or FLAMSA as conditioning regimen for patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)

Background: Limited data is available to guide the choice of the conditioning regimen for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing transplant with persistent disease. Methods: We retrospectively compared outcome of fludarabine-treosulfan (FT), thiotepa-busulfan-fludarabine (TBF), and sequential fludarabine, intermediate dose Ara-C, amsacrine, total body irradiation/busulfan, cyclophosphamide (FLAMSA) conditioning in patients with refractory or relapsed AML. Results: Complete remission rates at day 100 were 92%, 80%, and 88% for FT, TBF, and FLAMSA, respectively (p = 0.13). Non-relapse mortality, incidence of relapse, acute (a) and chronic (c) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) rates did not differ between the three groups. Overall survival at 2 years was 37% for FT, 24% for TBF, and 34% for FLAMSA (p = 0.10). Independent prognostic factors for survival were Karnofsky performance score and patient CMV serology (p = 0.01; p = 0.02), while survival was not affected by age at transplant. The use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was associated with reduced risk of grade III–IV aGVHD (p = 0.02) and cGVHD (p = 0.006), with no influence on relapse. Conclusions: In conclusion, FT, TBF, and FLAMSA regimens provided similar outcome in patients undergoing transplant with active AML. Survival was determined by patient characteristics as Karnofsky performance score and CMV serology, however was not affected by age at transplant. ATG appears able to reduce the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD without influencing relapse risk

Effects of Sorafenib on Intra-Tumoral Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients with Refractory Sarcomas (NCI Protocol 6948)

Purpose: Jain Sorafenib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with therapeutic efficacy in several malignancies. Sorafenib may exert its anti-neoplastic effect in part by altering vascular permeability and reducing intra-tumoral interstitial hypertension. As correlative science with a phase II study in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), we evaluated the impact of this agent on intra-tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), serum circulating biomarkers, and vascular density. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced STS with measurable disease and at least one superficial lesion amenable to biopsy received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. Intratumoral IFP and plasma and circulating cell biomarkers were measured before and after 1–2 months of sorafenib administration. Results were analyzed in the context of the primary clinical endpoint of time-to-progression (TTP). Results: In 15 patients accrued, the median TTP was 45 days (range 14–228). Intra-tumoral IFP measurements obtained in 6 patients at baseline showed a direct correlation with tumor size. Two patients with stable disease at two months had post-sorafenib IFP evaluations and demonstrated a decline in IFP and vascular density. Sorafenib significantly increased plasma VEGF, PlGF, and SDF1$\alpha$ and decreased sVEGFR-2 levels. Increased plasma SDF1$\alpha$ and decreased sVEGFR-2 levels on day 28 correlated with disease progression. Conclusions: Pretreatment intra-tumoral IFP correlated with tumor size and decreased in two evaluable patients with SD on sorafenib. Sorafenib also induced changes in circulating biomarkers consistent with expected VEGF pathway blockade, despite the lack of more striking clinical activity in this small series