Studies of the winter-time boundary layer over the Baltic Sea based on pilot balloon soundings

Sisältää myös toisen artikkelin: U. Larsson, L. Norling, S. Carlberg, S. Lööf, A. Tolstoy, K. von Bröckl, V. Elizarjeva, W. Kaiser, J. Lassig, I. Mäkinen, T. Melvasalo: Intercalibration of methods for cholorophyll measurements in the Baltic Se

Mixing height determination by ceilometer

International audienceA novel method for estimating the mixing height based on ceilometer measurements is described and tested against commonly used methods for determining mixing height. In this method an idealised backscatter profile is fitted to the observed backscatter profile. The mixing height is one of the idealised backscatter profile parameters. An extensive amount of ceilometer data and vertical soundings data from the Helsinki area in 2002 is utilized to test the applicability of the ceilometer for mixing height determination. The results, including 71 convective and 38 stable cases, show that in clear sky conditions the mixing heights determined from ceilometer based aerosol profiles and BL-height estimates based on sounding data are in a good agreement. Rejected outlier cases corresponded to very low aerosol concentrations in the mixed layer leading to a very weak aerosol backscatter signal in the lowest layer

Localized thinning for strain concentration in suspended germanium membranes and optical method for precise thickness measurement

We deposited Ge layers on (001) Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and used them to fabricate suspended membranes with high uniaxial tensile strain. We demonstrate a CMOS-compatible fabrication strategy to increase strain concentration and to eliminate the Ge buffer layer near the Ge/Si hetero-interface deposited at low temperature. This is achieved by a two-steps patterning and selective etching process. First, a bridge and neck shape is patterned in the Ge membrane, then the neck is thinned from both top and bottom sides. Uniaxial tensile strain values higher than 3% were measured by Raman scattering in a Ge membrane of 76 nm thickness. For the challenging thickness measurement on micrometer-size membranes suspended far away from the substrate a characterization method based on pump-and-probe reflectivity measurements was applied, using an asynchronous optical sampling technique.EC/FP7/628197/EU/Heat Propagation and Thermal Conductivity in Nanomaterials for Nanoscale Energy Management/HEATPRONAN

Prevalência de esofagopatia chagásica no Município de Mambaí, Goiás - Brasil

Em Mambaí, área endêmica de doença de Chagas, foram realizadas abreugrafias do esôfago com filme de 70mm, em 1.145 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 1.184 dofeminino, de 4 a 87 anos, dos quais 1.006eram soropositivos. Os pacientes foram posicionados em oblíqua anterior direita e tomadas duas abreugrafias: uma imediatamente à ingestão de 75 ml de suspensão baritada e outra 60 segundos após. Setenta e seis (3,2%) indivíduos apresentaram esofagopatia, sendo que 71(7%) entre os 1.006 soropositivos e, 5(0,37%) entre os 1.323 soronegativos. Dos 76 esofagopatas 47(61,8%) eram do sexo masculino e 29(38,1%) do sexo feminino. Segundo a classificação de Rezende e cols 48(63,1%) pertenciam ao grupo I, 18(23,7%) ao grupo II, 5(6,6%) ao grupo III e 5(6,6%) ao grupo IV. Entre os infectados a esofagopatia aumentou progressivamente com a idade, principalmente a partir dos 30 anos, alcançando a prevalência de 21,5% após os 59 anos.In Mambai, an endemic area for Chagas disease, contrast radiography of the oesophagus using 70 mm film was done in 1,145 male and I,184 female individuals. Ages ranged from 4 to 87 years. The patients were positioned in the right anterior oblique position and two films taken, one immediately after ingestion of 75 ml of barium contrast and another 60 seconds later. Seventy six (3.2%) individuals had oesophageal abnormalities of whom 71(7%) were among 1,006 seropositives and 5(0.37%) were among 1,323 seronegatives. Of the 76 patients, 47 (61.8%) were male and 29(38.1%) female. Following the classification of Rezende and colleagues, 48(63.1%), belonged to group 1,18(23.7%), to group II, 5(6.6%) and 5(6.6%) to group IV. The prevalence of oesophageal disease increased with age especially after 30 years, reaching 21.5% in the group over 59 years of age

Development of a Model for Quality Process Stage Development Software Applied Unit Systems UTMACH

In the present investigation discloses some models or standards focused on system development process. Pretending to give a solution to the user dissatisfaction that causes no profiling to develop quality system. And with reference to the systems unit of the Technical University of Machala and under the investigative process that took place it was detected that there is no order of development in the Unit, the various schedules that are performed many times outside the scope of work team. Due to this circumstance and aims these preliminary detected based on a comparative analysis of the various models or standards applied quality system to create a working environment that allows Systems Unit improve the system development process. Forming itself the quality model system that will engage the Systems Unit