Simulation der Auswirkung von Veränderungen der anisotropen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit im Gewebe des menschlichen Gehirns auf die Elektroenzephalographie

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss von Gewebeveränderungen durch Tumoren, Ischämien und Ödeme auf die Ausbreitung elektrischer Felder im Gehirn und damit auf die Elektroenzephalographie (EEG). Die Ergebnisse erklären Beobachtungen aus jüngeren Tierstudien und erlauben Vorhersagen für Messungen beim Menschen. Die in einem Teilvolumenen mit der Finiten-Elemente-Methode simulierten elektrischen Potentiale weisen wegen der gestörten Anisotropie des Gewebes, und damit der Leitfähigkeit, in fast allen Fällen einen Anstieg der Magnitude an der Oberfläche auf – selbst im Fall der Ischämie, bei der die Leitfähigkeit rapide abfällt. Aus einem Dipol in einer Furche (Sulcus) resultieren höhere Oberflächenpotentiale als durch einen auf einem Hügel (Gyrus) liegenden, sich viel näher an der Oberfläche befindenden Dipol, und zwar dann, wenn die Leitfähigkeit des darunter liegenden Gewebes sehr gering wird, wie es bei realen anämischen Infarkten der Fall ist. Dies ist mit dem Wegfall der Anisotropie und dem „Shunting- Eekt“ zu erklären. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass pathologische Veränderungen bei der Evaluierung von EG-Signalen und vor allem bei einer EEG-basierten Analyse der Quellen stets beachtet werden müssen

Multidisciplinary thesauri in Internet

Dentro de la serie de trabajos sobre tesauros en acceso abierto presentes en Internet, se presentan, en esta ocasión, los multidisciplinares y aquellos que, aún estando dedicados a una disciplina, recogen términos de diversas materias.Peer reviewe

Personnel Training System As A Management Component Of A Socially Responsible Organisation

The paper describes some practical aspects to justify the need for training and motivating staff to achieve the set results of a small business enterprise. The paper considers a commercial enterprise with the headcount up to 40 people. For such enterprises, commercial success, ensuring the well-being of the company employees, is closely related to the quality of their work. To achieve the required level of the personnel performance, a system of personnel training has been developed. The system is related to the organisation's goals on the basis of the balanced scorecard (BSC) system methodology. Methods of statistical data processing were used to study the current state of affairs and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of the organisation. To identify some possible problems in the main process of the organisation, the methodology of risk analysis was used. As a result of the work, staff activity standards have been developed, including the criteria for the staff performance assessment. The head of the organisation has been given an opportunity to manage on the basis of the actual data on the main process effectiveness

Experiences from treating seven adult 5q spinal muscular atrophy patients with Nusinersen

Background: The antisense oligonucleotide Nusinersen recently became the first approved drug against spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). It was approved for all ages, albeit the clinical trials were conducted exclusively on children. Hence, clinical data on adults being treated with Nusinersen is scarce. In this case series, we report on drug application, organizational demands, and preliminary effects during the first 10 months of treatment with Nusinersen in seven adult patients. Methods: All patients received intrathecal injections with Nusinersen. In cases with severe spinal deformities, we performed computed tomography (CT)-guided applications. We conducted a total of 40 administrations of Nusinersen. We evaluated the patients with motor, pulmonary, and laboratory assessments, and tracked patient-reported outcome. Results: Intrathecal administration of Nusinersen was successful in most patients, even though access to the lumbar intrathecal space in adults with SMA is often challenging. No severe adverse events occurred. Six of the seven patients reported stabilization of motor function or reduction in symptom severity. The changes in the assessed scores did not reach a significant level within this short time period. Conclusions: Treating adult SMA patients with Nusinersen is feasible and most patients consider it beneficial. It demands a complex organizational and interdisciplinary effort. Due to the slowly decreasing motor functions in adult SMA patients, long observation phases for this recently approved treatment are needed to allow conclusions about effectiveness of Nusinersen in adults

Further Dimensions for Sensing in Biofluids: Distinguishing Bioorganic Analytes by the Salt-Induced Adaptation of a Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Chemosensor

Insufficient binding selectivity of chemosensors often renders biorelevant metabolites indistinguishable by the widely used indicator displacement assay. Array-based chemosensing methods are a common workaround but require additional effort for synthesizing a chemosensor library and setting up a sensing array. Moreover, it can be very challenging to tune the inherent binding preference of macrocyclic systems such as cucurbit[n]urils (CBn) by synthetic means. Using a novel cucurbit[7]uril-dye conjugate that undergoes salt-induced adaptation, we now succeeded in distinguishing 14 bioorganic analytes from each other through the facile stepwise addition of salts. The salt-specific concentration-resolved emission provides additional information about the system at a low synthetic effort. We present a data-driven approach to translate the human-visible curve differences into intuitive pairwise difference measures. Ion mobility experiments combined with density functional theory calculations gave further insights into the binding mechanism and uncovered an unprecedented ternary complex geometry for CB7. TThis work introduces the non-selectively binding, salt-adaptive cucurbit[n]uril system for sensing applications in biofluids such as urine, saliva, and blood serum

Создание системы управления жалобами в организации

Одним из главных факторов образования конкурентоспособности является результативное управление, во всех сферах деятельности предприятия. Цель работы создание стандарта организации "Порядок рассмотрения и удовлетворения рекламации от потребителя" и разработка алгоритма реализации данного процесса для поддержания системы менеджмента качества. Предметом исследования является система управления жалобами в организации. Результатом внедрения системы рассмотрения жалоб в организации является то, что система менеджмента становится более ориентированной на заказчиков. Это позволяет укрепить контакты со своими потребителями, а так же улучшить качество продукции с помощью выполнения и соблюдения всех временных сроков, требований и последовательностей действий, прописанных в стандарте организации.One of the main factors for the formation of competitiveness is effective management, in all areas of the enterprise.The purpose of the work is the creation of the organization's standard "Order of consideration and satisfaction of the complaint from the consumer" and the development of an algorithm for implementing this process to maintain the quality management system. The subject of the study is the complaint management system in the organization. The result of the introduction of the complaints system in the organization is that the management system becomes more customer-oriented. This allows us to strengthen contacts with our customers, improve the quality of products through the implementation and compliance with all the time limits, the requirements prescribed in the standard

The Svalbard Carboniferous to Cenozoic Composite Tectono-Stratigraphic Element

The Svalbard Composite Tectono-Stratigraphic Element is located on the north-western corner of the Barents Shelf and comprises a Carboniferous to Pleistocene sedimentary succession. Due to Cenozoic uplift the succession is subaerially exposed in the Svalbard archipelago. The oldest parts of the succession consist of Carboniferous to Permian mixed siliciclastic, carbonate and evaporite and spiculitic sediments that developed during multiple phases of extension. The majority of the Mesozoic succession is composed of siliciclastic deposits formed in sag basins and continental platforms. Episodes of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous contraction are evident in the eastern part of the archipelago and in nearby offshore areas. Differential uplift related to the opening of the Amerasian Basin and the Cretaceous emplacement of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province created a major hiatus spanning from most of the Late Cretaceous and early Danian throughout the Svalbard Composite Tectono-Stratigraphic Element. The West Spitsbergen Fold and Thrust Belt and the associated foreland basin in central Spitsbergen (Central Tertiary Basin) formed as a response to the Eurekan orogeny and the progressive northward opening of the North Atlantic during the Palaeogene. This event was followed by formation of yet another major hiatus spanning the Oligocene to Pliocene. Multiple reservoir and source rock units are exposed in Svalbard providing analogues to the offshore prolific offshore acreages in southwest Barents Sea and are important for de-risking of plays and prospects. However, the archipelago itself is regarded as high-risk acreage for petroleum exploration. This is due to Palaeogene contraction and late Neogene uplift of particularly the western and central parts. In the east there is an absence of mature source rocks, and the entire region is subjected to strict environmental protection

The clinical features of asthma exacerbations in early-onset and eosinophilic late-onset asthma may differ significantly

Over 20 years ago, the concept of asthma control was created and appropriate measurement tools were developed and validated. Loss of asthma control can lead to an exacerbation. Years ago, the term "clinically significant asthma exacerbation" was introduced to define when a loss of control is severe enough to declare it an asthma exacerbation. This term is also used by health insurances to determine when an exacerbation is eligible for reimbursement of biologics in clinical practice, however, it sometimes becomes apparent that a clear separation between loss of "asthma control" and an exacerbation is not always possible. In this review, we attempt to justify why exacerbations in early allergic asthma and adult eosinophilic asthma can differ significantly and why this is important in clinical practice as well as when dealing with health insurers

Resting and Post Bronchial Challenge Testing Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure in Individuals with and without Asthma

Objective: There is conflicting evidence about resting carbon dioxide levels in asthmatic individuals. We wanted to determine if transcutaneously measured carbon dioxide levels prior and during bronchial provocation testing differ according to asthma status reflecting dysfunctional breathing. Methods: We investigated active firefighters and policemen by means of a validated questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, spirometry, bronchial challenge testing with methacholine (MCT) and measurement of transcutaneous blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PtcCO 2) at rest prior performing spirometry, one minute and five minutes after termination of MCT. A respiratory physician blinded to the PtcCO2 results assigned a diagnosis of asthma after reviewing the available study data and the files of the workers medical screening program. Results: The study sample consisted of 128 male and 10 female individuals. Fifteen individuals (11%) had physiciandiagnosed asthma. There was no clinically important difference in median PtcCO 2 at rest, one and five minutes after recovery from MCT in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics (35.6 vs 35.7 mmHg, p = 0.466; 34.7 vs 33.4 mmHg, p = 0.245 and 37.4 vs 36.4 mmHg, p = 0.732). The median drop in PtcCO2 during MCT and the increase after MCT was lower in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics (0.1 vs 3.2 mmHg, p = 0.014 and 1.9 vs 2.9 mmHg, p = 0.025). Conclusions: PtcCO2 levels at rest prior and during recovery after MCT do not differ in individuals with or without physicia