DON RAMIRO ESTEVEZ 1928-1996

In Memoriam DON RAMIRO ESTEVEZ 1928-1996</p

Contingency Fuel Reduction

This project reviews the minimum fuel regulations for commercial passenger flights in different countries and intends to scientifically support a change in the existing contingency fuel requirement regulation in Brazil. This change represents fuel savings for Brazilian air operations, and it deploys into competitive advantage for Brazilian airlines compared to foreign air operators. The objective of this project is to provide the Brazilian civil aviation regulators with the necessary data to justify the reduction of the contingency fuel values from the current 10% to 5%. This project bases the analysis on the historical data of fuel planning and fuel consumption from two major Brazilian airlines, operating under the Civil Aviation Regulation RBAC 121. The historical data is analyzed by establishing relationships between flight planning and execution, indicating the fuel that was planned and consumed at each stage of the flight. The analysis of the impact in the contingency fuel change from 10% to 5% was made by simulating multiple scenarios capable of creating different fuel quantities for flight planning and random consumption values. The mathematical model is simulated using the Monte Carlo methodology, which calculates the amount of remaining fuel from each simulated flight 5 to analyze the operational risk, then support decision making. Therefore, this project presents a theoretical and practical proposal to reduce the minimum contingency fuel values required by Brazilian regulation, with a focus on safe and efficient flight operations. Este projeto revisa os regulamentos mínimos de combustível para voos comerciais de passageiros em diferentes países, e pretende apoiar cientificamente uma mudança na regulamentação existente do requisito de combustível de contingência no Brasil. Essa mudança representa uma economia de combustível nas operações aéreas brasileiras, e desdobra-se em vantagem competitiva para as empresas aéreas brasileiras quando comparadas com aos operadores aéreos estrangeiros. O objetivo deste projeto é fornecer aos reguladores da aviação civil Brasileira dados necessários para justificar a redução dos valores de combustível de contingência dos atuais 10% para 5%. Este projeto tem sua análise baseada em dados históricos de planejamento e consumo de combustível de voos de duas grandes companhias aéreas brasileiras, que operam de acordo com o Regulamento de Aviação Civil RBAC 121. Estes dados históricos foram analisados, estabelecendo-se as relações entre o planejamento e a execução do voo, indicando-se o combustível que foi efetivamente planejado e consumido em cada etapa do voo. A análise do impacto da alteração do combustível de contingência de 10% para 5%, foi feita pela simulação de múltiplos cenários capazes de simular diferentes quantidade de combustível 7 planejado e consumido. O modelo matemático é simulado usando a metodologia de Monte Carlo, que calcula a quantidade de combustível remanescente de cada voo simulado para analisar o risco da operação e suportar a tomada de decisão. Diante disso, este projeto apresenta uma proposta teórica e prática para reduzir os valores mínimos de combustível de contingência exigidos pela legislação brasileira, garantindo segurança e eficiência nas operações de voo

The proximal point method for locally lipschitz functions in multiobjective optimization with application to the compromise problem

This paper studies the constrained multiobjective optimization problem of finding Pareto critical points of vector-valued functions. The proximal point method considered by Bonnel, Iusem, and Svaiter [SIAM J. Optim., 15 (2005), pp. 953–970] is extended to locally Lipschitz functions in the finite dimensional multiobjective setting. To this end, a new (scalarization-free) approach for convergence analysis of the method is proposed where the first-order optimality condition of the scalarized problem is replaced by a necessary condition for weak Pareto points of a multiobjective problem. As a consequence, this has allowed us to consider the method without any assumption of convexity over the constraint sets that determine the vectorial improvement steps. This is very important for applications; for example, to extend to a dynamic setting the famous compromise problem in management sciences and game theory.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de GoiásConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel SuperiorMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadAgence nationale de la recherch

Economical Evaluation through Gross Profit and Cash Flow in Different Beef Cattle Systems in Rio Grande Do Sul

Beef cattle production is suffering numerous difficulties in productive and economical terms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Expanding new markets, competition with other meats, external competition through imported Mercosul beef, new growth and slaughter processes bring new challenges to the Brazilian livestock production. In the case of Rio Grande do Sul, another factor to be considered is the competition with Central States in the internal market. Meat prices received by farmers in the last years stayed constant, but prices of the main production inputs are still rising. This scenery brought continuous income decrease to the beef cattle farmers. As a result, many farmers are selling part of their lands or leaving beef cattle production. This paper aims to compare gross income and cash flows in three farms with different beef cattle systems during the years of 2003 and 2004, as well as analysing the cost percentage of different inputs necessary to the production systems. The farms are located in different regions: Campanha, Depressão Central and Fronteira Oeste, representing important agricultural production regions in the in Rio Grande do Sul state. The results show that without technological modernisation in beef cattle production systems and integration with agriculture, it becomes difficult to remunerate all the production factors. Planning allows a better income distribution, reducing the months of negative cash flow. However, the low profit per area demonstrates the gravity of the economical situation of beef cattle farmers in Rio Grande do Sul.beef cattle systems, gross profit, cash flow, Livestock Production/Industries,

Tracking and dynamic tuning of a wireless powered endoscopic capsule

This work presents an inductive wireless power transfer system for powering an endoscopy capsule supplying energy to power electronic devices allocated inside a capsule of ≈26.1 mm × 9 mm. A receiver with three coils in quadrature with dimensions of ≈9 mm × 9 mm × 10 mm is located inside the capsule, moving freely inside a transmitter coil with 380 mm diameter through translations and revolutions. The proposed system tracks the variations of the equivalent magnetic coupling coefficient compensating misalignments between the transmitter and receiver coils. The power on the load is estimated and optimized from the transmitter, and the tracking control is performed by actuating on a capacitance in the matching network and on the voltage source frequency. The proposed system can prevent load overheating by limiting the power via adjusting of the magnitude of voltage source VS. Experimental results with uncertainties analysis reveal that, even at low magnetic coupling coefficients k ranging from (1.7 × 10−3 , 3.5 × 10−3 ), the power on the load can be held within the range of 100–130 mW. These results are achieved with any position of the capsule in the space, limited by the diameter of the transmitter coil and height of 200 mm when adjusting the series capacitance of the transmitter in the range (17.4, 19.4) pF and the frequency of the power source in the range (802.1, 809.5) kHz

Efeitos de retardantes químicos na propagaçao de incendios florestais

Orientador: Ronaldo Viana SoaresDissertaçao (mestrado) -Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curso de Pós-Graduaçao em Engenharia FlorestalÁrea de concentração: SilviculturaResumo: Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Estação de Pesquisas Florestais de Rio Negro, da Faculdade de Florestas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Rio Negro-PR. com os objetivos de desenvolver uma técnica preventiva eficiente e econômica para evitar a propagação de incêndios florestais em margens de estradas e aceiros através de retardantes químicos. Usou-se o Sulfato de amônia (NH4)2SO4 com 20% de nitrogênio amoniacal e Diamônia fosfato (NH4)2HPO4 com 18% de nitrogênio e 46% de equivalente P2O5 nas concentrações de 50 gramas, 200 gramas e 250 gramas por metro quadrado. Cada concentração foi dissolvida em 10 litros de água e pulverizada em cada parcela previamente preparada. O delineamento usado foi o de parcelas sub-divididas em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As sub-parcelas tinham dimensões de 6,0 por 2,0 metros. A distância entre uma sub-parcela e outra era de 1 m e entre uma repetição e outra 2,0m. Esses foram gradeados para que não houvesse propagação do fogo , de uma parcela para outra ou entre repetições. Os elementos coletados para o desenvolvimento deste estudo obedeceram três fases distintas ou seja 10, 20 e 40 dias após a instalação do experimento. Os resultados evidenciam que os tratamentos com Diamônia fosfato, nas doses de 250 e 200 g/m2, e Sulfato de amônia 250 g/m2, foram os tratamentos mais eficientes no retardamento de propagação do fogo. Foi constatado também, que a eficiência dos tratamentos foi sensivelmente influenciada pela precipitação pluviométrica, ocorrida após a aplicação dos mesmos. Quanto a parte econômica, verificou-se ser viável somente para regiões que apresentem longos períodos de estiagem.Abstract: This experiment was conducted at the Forest School Research Station, in Rio Negro, Parana. The purpose was to test the effectiveness of chemical retardants on preventing forest fires in typical road margin vegetations. Two products were used: 1) Ammonionium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 with 20% ammoniacal nitrogen; 2) Diammonium phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 with 18% nitrogen with 46% equivalent P2O5. Concetrations of 50g, 100g, 200g and 250g per square meter were used. The concentrations were dissolved in 10 liters of water and applied evenly over each prepared plot. The experimental design consisted of subdivided plots in a random block style with four repetitions. The dimensions of the sub-plots were 6x2m. The distance between blocks was 2 m, and between plots was 1 m. The spaces between the plots and the blocks were plowed to prevent propagation of fire from one plot to another. The sub-plots were burned on three different intervals: 10, 20 and 40 days after the beginning of the experiment. Results showed that Diammonium phosphate and Ammonium sulphate of 250 and 200 g/m 2 , respectively, were the most effective in retarding the propagation of fires. It was also observed that the efficiency of the treatments was substantially influenced by rainfall that fell after application of the chemical substances. Regarding the economical aspects of the technique, it seems to be feasible for regions that present long periods of drought

Avaliação do Nível de Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos no Setor de Engenharia de Projetos de um Estaleiro de Grande Porte no Nordeste Brasileiro

This present study aims to evaluate the Project Management Maturity level in the Design department of a large shipyard in Brazilian Northeast, from the analysis of answers of a questionnaire developed by Prado. For this, the questionnaires were distributed among managers and coordinators and the results were analyzed using tools developed by the author. These results point to a project management maturity level considered weak when compared with other companies in different segments. It was noticed that continuous improvement plans and processes shall be used to compliance with the best practices developed by the PMBOK.  O presente trabalho visa avaliar o nível de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos no setor de Engenharia de Projetos de um Estaleiro de grande porte no nordeste brasileiro, a partir da análise das respostas de um questionário desenvolvido por Prado. Para isso os questionários foram distribuídos entre gerentes e coordenadores e os resultados foram analisados através das ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo autor. Esses apontam para um nível de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos considerado fraco quando comparado com outras empresas de diversos segmentos. Foi constatada a necessidade de planos de melhoria contínua e de processos para o atendimento às boas práticas desenvolvidas pelo PMBOK