Land Use Change and Socio-Economic Evaluation in São Jorge Island (Between 15th and 20th Century)

The agenda explain the historical evolution of land uses in São Jorge Island (Azores- Portugal) between 15th-20th century.The economic exploitation of the island space prosecuted itself in simultaneous with his colony, one form to guarantee the auto supplying of the populations. First we assess the capacity of the island territory for different uses based on agronomic analysis and transform these capacities in attractiveness coefficients.Then we design a spatial interaction model with five different sectors which employment can be closely related with surface area, first to five zones in the island and within those zones to small plots of 1 hectare each.Finally we use historical data on population and main export crops in order to calibrate the model for each century. Therefore, based on data on the export crop and on the population it is possible to estimate the different land use of the island for all the sectors and to assess the carrying capacity of the island.

Stress e adaptação no processo de luto materno : um estudo exploratório

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014O processo de luto materno necessita de clarificação sobre os fatores de risco e protetores na trajetoria de adaptação. Entre estes, salientam-se o impacto, as estratégias de coping e os recursos e/ou vulnerabilidades. Pouca relevância tem sido dada aos processos socioculturais inerentes a cada contexto em que a mãe se insere. A presente investigação, de natureza qualitativa, pretende explorar estes constructos numa perspetiva sistémica, analisando, ainda, eventuais diferenças entre grupos culturais (mães portuguesas, brasileiras e africanas). Neste sentido, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a uma amostra composta por 15 mães de três subgrupos culturais. Posteriormente, os discursos recolhidos foram analisados através do software NVivo. Os resultados apontam para um impacto predominante a nível individual, conjugal e familiar. Este impacto tende a ser negativamente influenciado pela presença de vulnerabilidades, sobretudo a nível da rede social, de serviços de saúde e da sociedade dominante. Porém, as estratégias de coping - predominantemente de assimilação - e os recursos a nível conjugal, familiar e da rede social parecem colmatar as exigências trazidas pela perda de um filho. Verificaram-se algumas diferenças culturais, entre os subgrupos de amostra, nomeadamente na maior ou menor prevalência das dimensões estudadas em cada nível sistémico. De um modo geral, é evidenciado que a totalidade da amostra parece seguir uma trajetória adaptativa. Implicações metodológicas e clínicas foram consideradas.The process of maternal grief needs clarification in relation to the risk and protective factors intervening in the trajectory of adaptation. Among these, the impact, the coping strategies and the resources and the perceived vulnerabilities are evidenced. Little relevance has been given however to the sociocultural processes inherent to the context in which the grieving mothers live. This qualitative research seeks to explore these dimensions in a systemic perspective, also analyzing the possible differences between cultural groups (Portuguese, Brazilian and African mothers). Thus, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a sample consisting of 15 mothers of different cultural backgrounds. Subsequently, the participants’ discourses were analyzed through the software NVivo. The results suggested a strong individual, marital and familiar impact. This impact seems to be negatively influenced by the presence of vulnerabilities, mainly in the social network, health services and dominant society. However, the coping strategies – mainly of assimilation– and the marital, familiar and social resources seem to fulfill the demands brought by the death of a child. Some cultural differences emerged between the subgroups, mainly in the greater or minor prevalence of the dimensions en each systemic level. Overall, it is highlighted that the entire sample seems to follow an adaptive trajectory. Clinic and methodology implications are considered

Technical and Economic Characteristics of a CO2 Transmission Pipeline Infrastructure

Carbon capture and storage is considered one of the most promising technological options for the mitigation of CO2 emissions from the power generation sector and other carbon-intensive industries that can bridge the transition period between the current fossil fuel-based economy and the renewable and sustainable technology era. CCS involves the capture of CO2 from the sources, the transport CO2 through dedicated pipelines and ships, and the storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs, such as depleted oil and gas fields and saline aquifers, for its permanent isolation from the atmosphere. The development of CCS technologies has increased significantly in the last decades; however, there are still major gaps in knowledge of the cost of capture, transport and storage processes. Pipelines have been identified as the primary means of transporting CO2 from point-of-capture to site where it will be stored permanently but there is little published work on the economics of CO2 pipeline transport and most cost studies either exclude transport costs or assume a given cost per tonne of CO2 in addition to capture costs. The aim of this report is to identify the elements that comprise a CO2 pipeline network, provide an overview of equipment selection and design specific to the processes undertaken for the CO2 transport and to identify the costs of designing and constructing a CO2 transmission pipeline infrastructure.JRC.DDG.F.7-Energy systems evaluatio

The Evolution of the Extent and the Investment Requirements of a Trans-European CO2 Transport Network

The large scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Europe will require the development of new infrastructure to transport, using pipelines and ships, the captured CO2 from its sources (e.g. power plants) to the appropriate CO2 storage sites. This report describes the potential evolution of the CO2 transport network on the European scale for the period 2015 ¿ 2050, in terms of physical size and capital cost requirements. These estimates have been made based on an innovative and sound methodology. The results however depend strongly on the assumptions that have been made, especially in view of the long term horizon of the analysis, the uncertainty of CCS deployment rates and timelines, the lack of robust data on CO2 storage sites and the variability of pipeline construction costs. The size of the network grows steadily until 2030, to 8800 km, requiring around 9 billion euros of cumulative investment; followed by a step-change towards 2050, leading to a total investment of around 29 billion euros. This is based on a relatively conservative scenario of CCS deployment, as the amount of CO2 captured in 2050 does not meet the ambition for the decarbonisation of the European society by 2050. Scenarios compatible with the European vision for a decarbonised society by 2050, which will necessitate the capture of almost all CO2 emissions from both the power and the industrial sectors, would obviously be associated with a more extensive and hence more expensive CO2 transport network. By 2030, 16 EU Member States may be involved in cross-border CO2 transport. International coordination is therefore crucial for the development of an optimised trans-European CO2 transport network.JRC.DDG.F.7-Energy systems evaluatio

Relação entre composição corporal, imagem corporal, atividade fisica e ingeligência emocional em alunos universitários : estudo numa população portuguesa

La fecha de entrada en la Universidad aparece a menudo asociada con el abandono del hábito de práctica de actividad física, ya que muchas horas se dedican al estudio, con la consiguiente reducción del tiempo libre. Así, la experiencia deportiva en la Universidad, se considera un buen factor predictivo de la dedicación a la actividad física en la edad adulta (Basco et al., 1996, cit. por Lores, Murcia, Gutiérrez y Sicilia, 2003). En el ámbito psicológico, el ejercicio regular es beneficioso para la preservación de la función cognitiva, mejora de síntomas depresivos, así como de control personal y autoeficacia. Además de estos beneficios, el ejercicio también parece beneficiar la calidad de las relaciones interpersonales y la superación de retos, es decir, actúa también a nivel social (Sheikh et al., 2003). Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo la comprensión de la relación entre la composición corporal, la imagen corporal, nivel de actividad física y la inteligencia emocional en estudiantes universitarios. Para lograr este objetivo general, algunos objetivos específicos se han cumplido: caracterizar la muestra cuanto a las variables independientes (género, curso, edad, estado civil, niños y trabajador-estudiante), identificar los diferentes parámetros de composición corporal (peso, talla, IMC, %GV, %MM y GV), para analizar cómo los estudiantes percepcionan y sienten su imagen corporal, conocer el nivel de actividad física entre los estudiantes, conocer el grado de inteligencia emocional percibida, determinar cómo influyen las variables independientes en las diferentes dimensiones de análisis, y cómo se relacionan. En cuanto al diseño de la investigación: muestreo no probabilístico (por conveniencia), un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlaciona!. La recogida de datos se basa en la utilización de instrumentos cuantitativos (Figure Rating ScaleStunkard, Sorenson y Schlusinger, 1983 ; Body Shape Questionnaire - Cooper et al, 1987; International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Craig Marshall, Sgostrom, Bauman, Booth, Ainsworth et al, 2003; Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) - Salovey et al, 1995). Los individuos de la muestra (n = 400) tenían edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 61 años (edad media de 30,64± 8,85años), y la mayoría de los estudiantes (207), se encuentra en grupo de 18 a 28, 13 tienen entre 29 y 39 años, 44 entre 40 y 50 años, y el último de 18 años son entre 51 y 61 años. Cuanto al estado civil , la mayoría de los participantes son solteros (58,5%), 80 participantes (20%) están casados, 42 estan divorciados ( 1 0,5%), y el restante ( 11 %) respondieron "otro". Con respecto a la existencia de niños, 287 participantes (71 ,8%) no tienen hijos, y 113 (28,3%) tienen. La mayoría son estudiantes (262 estudiantes, 65,5%). La muestra incluye a los estudiantes de 17 cursos diferentes, de estudio diferentes (licenciatura, master y especializaciones) y el curso que tiene más estudiantes es la Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deporte (92). Se verificó que existe una relación inversa entre la mayoría de los parámetros de la composición corporal y la imagen corporal, es decir, los sujetos que se percepcionan con una silueta más voluminosa, son también los que están más insatisfechos por el exceso y más preocupados con su imagen corporal. Estos participantes también son los menos activos y los que presentaran menores valores de inteligencia emocional. Los estudiantes más activos son los que tienen una composición corporal más saludable, una imagen corporal más positiva, ya que están más satisfechos y menos preocupados, y aquellos con valores más altos en la inteligencia emocional. De este modo podemos decir que la actividad física tuvo un papel positivo e influyente en el resto de dimensiones en el análisis, demostrando ser un factor ventajoso y de protección para los sujetos.The time of entry into the University comes up often associated with the abandonment of the habit of physical activity, as many hours are devoted to the study, with a consequent reduction of free time. Thus, the sport experience in University, is considered a good indicator for physical activity dedication later in adulthood (Basco et al. , 1996, cit. by Lores, Murcia, Gutierrez & Sicilia, 2003). In the psychological field , regular exercise is beneficia! for the preservation of cognitive function , improve depressive symptoms, as well as personal control and self-efficacy. In addition to these benefits, exercise also seems to benefit the quality of interpersonal relationships and overcoming challenges (also acts at the social leve!) (Sheikh el al., 2003). Our work aims to understand the relationship between body composition, body image, physical activity leve! and emotional intelligence in college students. To achieve this general aim, sorne specific objectives have been met: characterize the sample (independent variables: gender, degree, age, marital status, children and student-employee), to identify the different parameters of body composition (weight, height, BMI,% FM,% MM and VFM), to analyze how students perceived and feel their body image, know the leve! of physical activity, know perceived emotional intelligence leve!, identify how the independent variables influence the different dimensions of analysis, and how they relate. As for the design of research: nonprobability sampling (by convenience), a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational. The data collection was based on the use of quantitative instruments (Figure Rating Scale - Stunkard, Sorenson and Schlusinger, 1983; Body Shape Questionnaire- Cooper el al, 1987; International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Craig Marshall, Sgostrom, Bauman, Booth, Ainsworth el al, 2003 ; Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) - Salovey el al. , 1995). The individuals in the sample (n =400) were aged between 18 and 61 years (mean age 30.64±8.85 years), with the majority of students (207), in the group of 18-28, 13 are between 29 and 39 years, 44 between 40 and 50 years, and 18 are between 51 and 61 years. Regarding marital status, most participants are single (58 .5%), 80 participants (20%) are married, 42 were divorced ( 1 0.5%), and the remaining ( 11 %) responded "other." With regard to the existence of children, 287 participants (71.8%) have no chi1dren, and 113 (28.3%) have. Most are working student (262 students - 65.5%). The sample includes students from 17 different degrees, different leve1s of study (1st degree, master and specializations), and the degree that has more students is the Physical Education and Sport - 1st degree (92). lt was found that there is an in verse relationship between most of the evaluated parameters of body composition and body image - subjects that are match its silhouette forms bulkier are also those who are more dissatisfied and more concemed by excess. These students are also the least active and those who were less values of emotional intelligence. Students seem to be more active values are those with healthy body composition, body image, since they are more satisfied and less concern and those with higher values in emotional intelligence. We can thus say that physical activity had a positive and influential role in the remaining dimensions in the analysis, proving to be an advantageous factor and protective

Negócios informais implementados por mulheres em contexto de crise: contributo para um estudo na região de Lisboa

JEL Classification System: D13No atual contexto de crise económica e de austeridade diferentes desafios são colocados aos cidadãos nacionais. Neste estudo a Mulher, e a sua atitude perante a crise, é o objeto primeiro da observação uma vez que em circunstâncias desta natureza as mulheres são sempre um dos grupos mais afetados, porém são também reconhecidas como importantes mobilizadoras de recursos com vista à melhoria das suas condições de vida e dos seus grupos domésticos. A informalidade é um dos instrumentos disponíveis à implementação de estratégias de adaptação a contextos adversos, sendo o foco deste estudo os pequenos negócios informais, de base doméstica, desenvolvidos por mulheres com o objetivo de melhor defenderem da crise, sua família. Realizaram-se entrevistas a dez mulheres com o objetivo de identificar qual a importância destes negócios informais, de base doméstica, para as suas intervenientes e para os seus grupos domésticos. Importa averiguar também a relação entre o surgimento destes negócios informais e os efeitos da crise económica e da austeridade, nomeadamente, no mercado de trabalho e no empobrecimento da população. Visa ainda apresentar as diferentes formas de utilização do reduzido lucro obtido.In the current context of economic crisis and austerity, national citizens face new challenges. The present study focuses on women and their attitude towards crisis since they are always amongst the most affected groups in this sort of circumstances. However, women are also known for being important resource mobilizers, facilitating the improvement of their life situation and that of their domestic group. Informality is presented as one of the available tools for implement adaptation strategies to overcome unfavorable circumstances. Therefore, the focus of this study centres on small informal businesses of domestic basis carried out by women with the purpose of protecting their families from the consequences of economic crisis. Ten women have been interviewed with the goal of assessing the importance of these informal businesses of domestic basis for the partakers and their domestic groups. It is also important to ascertain the relationship between the emergence of these informal businesses and the effects of the economic crisis and austerity, namely in the employment rates and population impoverishment. This study also investigates the different ways in which the small income is used by wome

Influenciadores digitais no desporto: o efeito social media nos atletas de alto rendimento em Portugal

O campo de investigação que relaciona o desporto de alto rendimento e a comunicação digital carece de conhecimento científico específico aprofundado. O objetivo geral pretende conhecer o efeito social media nos atletas de alto rendimento, nomeadamente dos influenciadores digitais, figuras emergentes dos nossos dias. Metodologicamente, a amostra é composta por 176 atletas de alto rendimento de nível A. Para recolha dos dados, recorremos ao inquérito por questionário aplicado através do Google forms com um total de 25 questões. As perguntas são do tipo fechadas, abertas, de escolha múltipla e de escala tipo Likert. Na análise estatística utilizámos essencialmente uma análise descritiva, apresentando as frequências absolutas e relativas das respostas categóricas e a média e o desvio padrão das respostas numéricas. Também foram calculadas correlações (Pearson correlation). Usámos o coeficiente τ de Kendall para calcular as correlações entre os vários itens de cada pergunta. Os resultados partem de uma identificação e caracterização dos inquiridos, e seguem para a análise de diferentes fatores evidenciados: A grande maioria dos atletas seguem influenciadores digitais; Os “health influencers” e os conteúdos informativos, lúdicos e de entretenimento, em particular os relacionados com o treino desportivo são os que mais interesse despertam; O Instagram, o WhatsApp e o YouTube são os canais de informação mais utilizados; Os computadores portáteis, os “smartphones” e os telemóveis são os dispositivos mais usados; Os vídeos e as imagens são os formatos de publicação que despertam mais atenção; Os atletas usam os dispositivos eletrónicos diariamente ou várias vezes por dia com tempos de utilização média entre uma e três horas; Os atletas alteraram hábitos ou seguiram conselhos dados por influenciadores digitais e os comportamentos mais frequentemente adotados por influência foram “Fazer o mesmo exercício”, “Fazer a mesma receita”, e seguir “Alguém por sugestão”. Como evidenciado na literatura para os utilizadores de social media, também os atletas são influenciados pelos seus pares, alterando e adotando comportamentos. Parece também perceber-se que existe uma influência na performance, quando afirmam que esta influência também altera o treino e a competição. Concluímos que a exposição a que os social media obrigam é algo que preocupa os atletas de alto rendimento, e que vai inteiramente ao encontro do propósito deste estudo, percebendo que é necessário mediar, estruturar e planear esta mesma exposição; DIGITAL INFLUENCERS IN SPORTS: The social media effect on high-performance athletes in Portugal Abstract: The field of research relating high-performance sport and digital communication lacks in-depth specific scientific knowledge. The overall objective is to know the social media effect on high-income highlands, particularly digital influencers, emerging figures of our day. Methodologically, the sample consists of 176 high-performance A-level athletes. The questions are closed, open, multiple-choice, and Likert-type scale. In the statistical analysis we essentially used a descriptive analysis, presenting the absolute and relative frequencies of categorical responses and the mean and standard deviation of numerical responses. Pearson correlations werealso calculated. We used Kendall's τ coefficient to calculate the correlations between the various items of each question. The results start from an identification and characterization of the respondents, and go on to analyze different factors evidenced: The vast majority of athletes follow digital influencers; Health influencers and informative, playful and entertainment content, in particular those related to sports training, are the ones that are most interested; Instagram, WhatsApp and YouTube are the most widely used information channels; Laptops, smartphones and mobile phones are the most commonly used devices; Videos and images are the publication formats that attract the most attention; Athletes use electronic devices daily or several times a day with average usage times between one and three hours; Athletes altered habits or followed advice given by digital influencers and the behaviors most often adopted by influence were "Doing the same exercise", "Making the same recipe", and following "Someone by suggestion". As evidenced in the literature for social media users, athletes are also influenced by their peers, altering and adopting behaviors. It also seems to be realized that there is an influence on performance, when they state that this influence also alters training and competition. We conclude that the exposure to which social media obliges is something that worries high- performance athletes, and that it is entirely in line with the purpose of this study, realizing that it is necessary to mediate, structure and plan this same exposure

AS RELAÇÕES COMERCIAIS ENTRE RÚSSIA E UNIÃO EUROPEIA E OS IMPACTOS DA CRISE NA UCRÂNIA

O presente artigo tem como objetivos principais traçar um panorama das relações comerciais entre União Europeia (UE) e Rússia na última década e analisar os impactos das sanções econômicas aplicadas em 2014 entre as partes em decorrência da crise ucraniana, partindo da análise descritiva de séries de dadosprimários e de pronunciamentos oficiais. A hipótese é de que as sanções tiveram efeitos negativos sobre as relações comerciais entre Rússia e UE, o que é validado pelos dados empíricos. Conclui-se que a alta interdependência entre a economia russa e a europeia impede a aplicação de sanções amplas, que tenham um impacto incontornável nessas economias. Assim, as sanções atuais não têm poder coercitivo alto o bastante para cumprir o objetivo a que se propõem: coagir a Rússia ou mesmo a UE a fim de resolver o conflito na Ucrânia

Physical-sensory evaluation of a cereal bar with quinoa: a preliminary study

The consumption of cereal bars has increased in recentyears because it is a quick and practical way to eat. Cereal bars are products obtained by blending dry ingredients and binder components which complement each other by conferring the sensory properties to the bars. Quinoa is considered a functional food, since in addition to providing basic nutrition, it has attributes with a direct positive effect on health and well-being. This study focuses on the evaluation of white quinoa and red quinoa bars, without added sugar or additives, suitable for use as healthy snacks. The effect of quinoa type and processing conditions on sensory properties of cereal bars was studied. Five different processing methods (baking and/or drying and/or heating) were evaluated. Bars with higher preliminary sensory scores were selected for further evaluation by a consumer panel and instrumental evaluation of texture and color (CIELab) . This work suggests that quinoa is an interesting functional ingredient to develop new cereal bars as an alternative to the conventional commercial products, with desirable physical and sensory proprieties

A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.publishe