Matrizes de transição como ferramenta de análise e previsão da qualidade da água em reservatórios : estudo de caso: Reservatório da Uhe Jurumirim

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Tobias BleningerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental. Defesa : Curitiba, 25/02/2021Inclui referências: p. 44-47Resumo: Reservatórios de água têm como função permitir uma taxa de controle sobre a variabilidade temporal da disponibilidade hídrica do local em que se encontram, desse modo criando uma maior segurança sobre esse recurso. A qualidade da água desses sistemas deve se apresentar adequada para os seus múltiplos usos, sendo que uma das principais ferramentas para a determinação desse critério é a modelagem matemática, pois não só apresenta excelente custo-benefício frente às demais opções, como também grande capacidade de resolução espacial, temporal e preditiva. Tendo em vista a importância da informação do estado de qualidade em que o reservatório se encontra, buscou-se desenvolver uma análise que leve em conta as aleatoriedades das principais variáveis que podem afetar tanto os regimes térmicos e/ou químicos de um reservatório. Para isso, propõe-se a aplicação de uma análise determinística e estatística conjunta, na qual sejam consideradas as probabilidades de ocorrência de um determinado evento na caracterização da qualidade da água do sistema. Durante a criação da metodologia, foi levada em conta dificultantes como a falta de dados sobre a qualidade da água dos reservatórios e também das demais variáveis necessárias para a implementação de uma modelagem. Essas considerações apresentam a desvantagem de dificultar o processo de representação do reservatório a partir de modelos matemáticos, porém como essa situação é recorrente em todo o globo, o método acaba ganhando força na sua capacidade de abrangência e aplicabilidade. A metodologia da pesquisa pode ser dividida em três grupos, sendo eles: Modelagem, Criação de Cenários e Compilação dos cenários. Por meio da modelagem cria-se um modelo padrão para replicação, possibilitando assim a definição de diferentes cenários, que então são analisados estatisticamente com base nas probabilidades das suas variáveis de entrada, e compilados em um arranjo de uma matriz de transição. Com isso obtêm-se uma ferramenta mais robusta, pouco dependente de medições em campo, de fácil adaptabilidade e replicabilidade para compreender as dinâmicas da qualidade da água em um sistema. Palavras-chaves: Matriz de transição, Reservatórios, Qualidade da água.Abstract: Water reservoirs have the function of allowing a rate of control over the temporal variability of the water availability in the region where they are located, thus bringing greater security over these resources. The water quality of these systems must be adequate for their multiple uses, and one of the main tools for this is the mathematical modelling of the system, because it not only presents excellent cost-benefit compared to other options, but also a large capacity for spatial, temporal and predictive resolution. In view of the importance of the water quality state in which the reservoir is, the objective of this work is to develop an analysis that takes into account the randomness of the main variables that can affect both the thermal and/or chemical regimes of a reservoir. For this, it is proposed a combination between a determinist and statistical analysis, where the probabilities of occurrence of a given event are considered within the characterization of the water quality of the reservoir. During the development of the methodology, difficult factors such as the lack of data on the water quality of reservoirs and also of other variables, were considered for the modelling. These considerations present the disadvantage of hindering the representation process of the mathematical models, however, as this situation is recurrent across the globe, the method ends up gaining strength in its reach and applicability. The research methodology can be divided into three groups: Modelling, Creation of Scenarios and Compilation of these scenarios. Though modelling a base layout capable of mass replication is created, thus enabling the definition of different scenarios, which are statistically analysed based on the probabilities of its inputs, and compiled into a state-transition matrix. With this, a more robust tool to understand the dynamics of water quality in a system is obtained, since it is not heavily dependent on field measurements and is easily adaptable and replicable. Key-words: State-Transition Matrix, Reservoir, Water Quality

AS SANÇÕES SOCIAIS DE NORBERTO BOBBIO NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19:: UMA ANÁLISE DO CENÁRIO ESPORTIVO MUNDIAL

The scenario of the COVID-19 Pandemic has brought a series of changes, especially legal, economic and social. This article aims to analyze the impact caused in the sports scenario due to COVID-19, especially regarding the social consequences in the face of those who chose not to be vaccinated. The main objective of the work is to analyze how athletes and fans who were not vaccinated suffered the social sanctions raised by Norberto Bobbio in his doctrine. The methodology applied corresponds to the inductive method, performing a social analysis of the scenario of American basketball and tennis Grand Slams, and from this juncture it was possible to observe what measures were imposed on athletes and fans who chose not to be vaccinated. This scenario provided the opportunity to observe in practice the application of social sanctions introduced in Norberto Bobbio's doctrine — with an emphasis on the isolation and social exclusion of individuals who chose not to be vaccinated.O cenário da Pandemia do COVID-19 trouxe uma série de mudanças, especialmente jurídicas, econômicas e sociais. O presente artigo visa analisar o impacto causado no cenário desportivo em razão da COVID-19, em especial quanto às consequências sociais em face daqueles que optaram por não se vacinar. O objetivo central do trabalho é analisar de que forma os atletas e os torcedores que não se vacinaram sofreram as sanções sociais levantadas por Norberto Bobbio em sua doutrina. A metodologia aplicada corresponde ao método indutivo realizando uma análise social do cenário do basquete americano e dos Grand Slams de tênis, e a partir dessa conjuntura foi possível observar quais foram as medidas impostas aos atletas e torcedores que optaram por não se vacinar. Esse cenário proporcionou a oportunidade de se observar na prática a aplicação de sanções sociais trazidas na doutrina de Norberto Bobbio — com um destaque ao isolamento e à exclusão social dos indivíduos que optaram por não se vacinar.&nbsp

A IMPRENSA DO SÉCULO XXI SOB A ÓTICA DE NEW YORK TIMES V. SULLIVAN

This article aims to analyze the figure of the 21st century press in the face of attacks carried out by state agents, from the perspective of the precedent established by the United States Supreme Court (SCOTUS) in the New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964). The main objective of the work is to observe the behavior of state agents in the face of criticisms conveyed by the media and contrast them with the understanding of SCOTUS consolidated in that case. The methodology applied corresponds to the inductive method, given the analysis of the aforementioned precedent and the reactions of Jair Bolsonaro and Donald Trump in the face of criticism made by the press during the 21st century, especially during their mandates. It was concluded that the media, much more than a means of disseminating information and news, also act with a critical bias and react to unlawful and unconstitutional acts carried out by political figures. Removing this voice from the media, albeit through intimidating ways, is to move towards an anti-democratic regime, whose state interference in communication vehicles becomes governmental protocol and free ideological debate becomes utopian.O presente artigo visa analisar a figura da imprensa do século XXI frente aos ataques realizados por agentes estatais, sob a ótica do precedente firmado pela Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos (SCOTUS) em New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964). O objetivo central do trabalho é observar as condutas dos agentes estatais perante às críticas veiculadas pelos meios de comunicação e contrastá-las ao entendimento da SCOTUS consolidado no referido caso. A metodologia aplicada corresponde ao método indutivo, diante da análise do referido precedente e das reações de Jair Bolsonaro e Donald Trump em face das críticas feitas pela imprensa no decorrer do século XXI, especialmente durante os seus mandatos. Concluiu-se que os veículos de comunicação, muito mais que um meio de divulgação de informações e notícias, agem também com viés crítico e reagem a atos antijurídicos e inconstitucionais realizados por figuras políticas. Retirar essa voz da mídia, ainda que por vias intimidatórias, é caminhar para um regime antidemocrático, cuja interferência estatal nos veículos de comunicação se tornam protocolo governamental e o livre debate ideológico passa a se tornar utópico

Persistent voting decisions in shareholder meetings

This study examined the determinants of voting decisions in shareholder meetings, with a special focus on voting persistence. The data captured votes on managerial proposals in shareholder meetings held by U.S. banks between 2003 and 2013. The dynamic panel data were analyzed using robust two-step system generalized method of moments estimation (GMM) with orthogonal deviations. The lagged voting decision was a significant factor in explaining subsequent voting decisions. This finding provides evidence of voting persistence. Although persistence is a prominent topic in behavioral economics, studies have tended to focus on buying, consumption, and investment decisions. Persistence in voting decisions at the corporate level has been underexplored, so this article contributes to the behavioral economics literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nuno Venturinha. Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018, 120 pages)

UIDB/00183/2020 UIDP/00183/2020This book symposium comprises a précis of Nuno Venturinha’s Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018) together with four critical commentaries on different aspects of the book by Marcelo Carvalho, João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter, Marcos Silva and Darlei Dall’Agnol, and the author’s replies.publishersversionpublishe

Textile sensors for ECG and respiratory frequency on swimsuits

Swimming constitutes one of the most demanding sports regarding technique. Years of training are necessary to master each one of the four styles. An important improvement and help for trainers would be a swimsuit that could provide information during training. This paper presents the research undertaken to develop textile sensors that will be used in a swimsuit. This paper will address ECG and respiratory frequency sensors and respective signals. The behaviour of the proposed sensors in different conditions (dry and wet environments) will be presented and discussed. The influence of movement on the signal quality and further interpretation, both by the muscular electrical signals as well as by the displacement of the electrodes, will be addressed. Other very important issue in swimming is drag. One approach that can reduce total drag consists in using compression. However, compressed fabrics will most likely modify the textile sensors’Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/EEA-ELC/70803/200

Hydrological impacts of large fires and future climate: modeling approach supported by satellite data

Fires have significant impacts on soil erosion and water supply that may be exacerbated by future climate. The aims of this study were: To simulate the effects of a large fire event in the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model previously calibrated to a medium-sized watershed in Portugal; and to predict the hydrological impacts of large fires and future climate on water supply and soil erosion. For this, post-fire recovery was parametrized in SWAT based on satellite information, namely, the fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) calculated from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The impact of future climate was based on four regional climate models under the stabilization (RCP 4.5) and high emission (RCP 8.5) scenarios, focusing on mid-century projections (2020–2049) compared to a historical period (1970–1999). Future large fire events (>3000 ha) were predicted from a multiple linear regression model, which uses the daily severity rating (DSR) fire weather index, precipitation anomaly, and burnt area in the previous three years; and subsequently simulated in SWAT under each climate model/scenario. Results suggest that time series of satellite indices are useful to inform SWAT about vegetation growth and post-fire recovery processes. Different land cover types require different time periods for returning to the pre-fire fraction of vegetation cover, ranging from 3 years for pines, eucalypts, and shrubs, to 6 years for sparsely vegetated low scrub. Future climate conditions are expected to include an increase in temperatures and a decrease in precipitation with marked uneven seasonal distribution, and this will likely trigger the growth of burnt area and an increased frequency of large fires, even considering differences across climate models. The future seasonal pattern of precipitation will have a strong influence on river discharge, with less water in the river during spring, summer, and autumn, but more discharge in winter, the latter being exacerbated under the large fire scenario. Overall, the decrease in water supply is more influenced by climate change, whereas soil erosion increase is more dependent on fire, although with a slight increase under climate change. These results emphasize the need for adaptation measures that target the combined hydrological consequences of future climate, fires, and post-fire vegetation dynamics.The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641762. FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.,under the project FirESmart “PCIF/MOG/0083/2017”

Medical diagnoses with a Cartographic Oriented Model

The human body is composed of several systems and organs that have a specific and well located position within it. Each organ is usually related to one or more physiological data. There is a subtle spatial interdependency on human’s body structure and behaviour. Because of this, doctors usually execute a spatial analysis when diagnosing a disease in a patient. The doctor has to combine patient’s medical data performing some “implicit” algebraic map operation. Although this is true, most of the models used to analyze, to process and to visualize these data, do not take into account the strong spatial interdependency inherent to human body’s functioning. These models usually treat morphological and physiological data in a full autonomous and isolated way. This happens because they are not “spatially” oriented, and do not interpret the human body as a 3D map, being composed by different parts and layers of information. The possibility of combining these layers using spatial algebraic operations, introduces a new degree of information insight. The main goal of the CHUB (Cartographic Human Body) model is to introduce a cartographic approach to help doctors to analyse, visualize and diagnosis human’s body illnesses

Study of vital sign monitoring with textile sensors in swimming pool environment

This paper presents the results of a series of experiments aiming at the optimisation of vital sign monitoring using textile electrodes to be used in a swimsuit. The swimsuit will integrate sensors for the measurement of several physiological and biomechanical signals; this paper will focus on ECG and respiratory movement analysis. The data obtained is mainly intended to provide tools for evaluation of high-performance swimmers, although applications can be derived for leisure sports and other situations. A comparison between electrodes based on different materials and structures, behaviour in dry and wet environments, as well as the behavior in different extension states, will be presented. The influence of movement on the signal quality, both by the muscular electrical signals as well as by the displacement of the electrodes, will be discussed. The final objective is the integration of the electrodes in the swimsuit by knitting them directly in the suit’s fabric in a seamless knitting machineFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/EEAELC/70803/200