Modelo tectónico reciente de la Cuenca Alta del Tajo (parte central española)

Active tectonics within the Upper Tagus Basin is related to the lithospheric flexure affecting the Palaeozoic basement of the basin. This flexure displays NE-SW trending. Besides, this structure is in agreement with the regional active stress field defined by the maximum horizontal stress with NW-SE trending. In this tectonic framework, irregular clusters of instrumental seismicity (Mw< 5.0) fade in the zone bounded by the Tagus River and the Jarama River valleys. These clusters are related to major NW-SE trending faults of suspected strike-slip kinematics. Moreover, reverse faults with NE-SW trending are affected by the strike-slip system as well. Despite the reverse faults are in agreement with the present SHMAX orientation, though, they apparently are blocked as seismogenic sources (scarce instrumental seismicity recorded today). In addition, we have determined the regional and local stress/ strain fields and two different fracture patterns were observed. Hence, we have divided the area in two zones: (1) the lateral bands of the basin, defined by reverse faulting (NE-SW trending) and strike-slip faulting (NW-SE trending) and (2) the central zone of the basin characterized by shallow normal faulting and NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. Furthermore, surface faulting and liquefaction structures are described affecting Middle to Late Pleistocene fluvial deposits, suggesting intrabasinal palaeoseismic activity (5.5 < M < 6.5) during the Late Quaternary. The obtained structural and tectonic information has been used to classify and characterize the Upper Tagus Basin as a semi-stable intraplate seismogenic zone, featured by Pleistocene slip-rates < 0.02 mm/yr. This value is low but it affords the occurrence of Pleistocene paleoearthquakes.La tectónica activa de la Cuenca Alta del río Tajo está caracterizada por la presencia de una flexión litosférica localizada en el basamento paleozoico, y cuyo eje se orienta según NE-SW. Esta flexión es coherente con el estado de esfuerzos actual en la zona, definido mediante la orientación del esfuerzo máximo horizontal, SHMAX, según NW-SE. En este contexto, la sismicidad en el borde sur del Sistema Central aparece concentrada en fallas direccionales según NW-SE, registrándose terremotos de magnitud < 5.0 (S. XX). Estos desgarres sectorizan el sistema de fallas inversas (NE-SW) que estructuran la cadena montañosa, las cuales a pesar de estar orientados coherentemente con el estado actual de esfuerzos, aparecen bloqueados o desactivados como fuentes sismogénicas. La geometría de la flexura condiciona la ocurrencia de una zona de concentración anómala de esfuerzos que resulta en la agrupación de eventos sísmicos localizada entre los valles de los ríos Tajo y Jarama. El estudio sismotectónico indica que el campo actual de deformación se encuentra distribuido en dos zonas relacionadas con la flexión: (1) una zona central caracterizada por la presencia de fallas normales superficiales y desgarres orientados según NE-SW; y (2) zona lateral caracterizada por fallas de tipo inverso (NE-SW) y desgarres (NW-SE) y que bordea a la zona anterior. Estudios paleosísmicos en la zona muestran la ocurrencia de diferentes niveles de liquefacción afectando a los depósitos fluviales del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior en los valles de los ríos Manzanares, Jarama y Tajo, así como una importante variedad de estructuras de deformación. En general la granulometría licuefactada muestra diques de arena, aunque en algún caso aparecen niveles decimétricos de gravas. A partir de los datos sismotectónicos, geológicos y paleosísmicos descritos y recopilados para esta zona, la Cuenca alta del Tajo puede clasificarse como una zona sismogénica intraplaca con velocidades de deformación pleistocenas inferiores a 0,02 mm/año y sismicidad instrumental difusa de tamaño moderado-bajo

Uso de aplicaciones estéreo para difundir estudios arqueológicos. Aplicación a Museos Virtuales

[ES] Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son hoy día una herramienta fundamental para la difusión de los estudios arqueológicos, tal y como lo justifica la existencia en Internet de multitud de museos virtuales. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos, no se aprovechan todas las posibilidades que las nuevas tecnologías ofrecen. En este trabajo se propone la visualización estéreo de un prototipo de Museo Virtual de Arte Ibérico mediante distintas herramientas, tanto de uso colectivo como individual que permiten aumentar la sensación de autenticidad en el observador y la percepción de un mayor nivel de realismo[EN] Nowadays information and communication technologies are fundamental tools for disseminating archaeology, as it shows the number of Virtual Museums available through Internet. However, many of them do not use all the possibilities that the new technologies could offer. This paper proposes the visualization of a prototype of Virtual Museum of Iberian Art by means of a stereo system. It can use both individual and collective tools in order to increase the authenticity sensation and the realism level of the observer.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España y la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos FEDER, bajo el proyecto de investigación TIN2007-67474-C03. Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Junta de Andalucía y la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos FEDER, bajo el proyecto de investigación P07-TIC-02773. Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Junta de Andalucía y la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos FEDER, bajo el proyecto de investigación P06-TIC-01403. Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Universidad de Jaén, a través de su Plan de Apoyo a la Investigación, al Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, bajo el proyecto de investigación UJA-08-16-02.Robles Ortega, MD.; Feito Higueruela, FR.; Jiménez Delgado, JJ.; Segura Sánchez, RJ. (2010). Uso de aplicaciones estéreo para difundir estudios arqueológicos. Aplicación a Museos Virtuales. Virtual Archaeology Review. 1(2):155-159. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2010.4719OJS15515912AMES, A. L., NADEAU, D. R. A., & MORELAND, J. L. (1996). VRML 2.0 Sourcebook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.ARNAUD, C. (2007). Protecting our cultural heritage. Chemical & Engineering news, nº 85, pp. 34-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n050.p034http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n032.p034AUKSTAKALNIS, S., BLATNER, D. (1992). Silicon Mirage; The Art and Science of Virtual Reality. Berkeley, CA, USA: Peachpit Press.BURDEA, G., COIFFET, P. (2003). Virtual Reality Technology. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., second ed.DEL PINO GONZÁLEZ, L. (1995). Realidad Virtual. Paraninfo.FEITO, F., JIMÉNEZ, J., OGAYAR, C., ROBLES, M., SEGURA, R., & CASTRO, M. (2006). Proyectos de Investigación (2004-2005), Universidad de Jaén, chap. Nuevas tecnologías para Museos Ibéricos Virtuales y Reales. pp. 83-139.SHERMAN, W. R. & CRAIGM, A. B. (2002). Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.TARRÉS RUIZ, F. (2000). Sistemas audiovisuales. Edicions UPC.YOUNGSEOK, K., KESAVADAS, T., & PALEY, S. (2006). The virtual site museum: A multipurpose, authoritative, and functional virtual heritage resource. Presence Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, nº 15, pp. 245-261.ZHENG, J.Y. (2000). Virtual Recovery and Exhibition of Heritage. IEEE Multimedia, n º 7 (2), pp. 31-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/93.84842

Evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de Museos Virtuales

[ES] Paralelamente al desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías, los Museos virtuales han ido evolucionando e incorporando contenidos con el objetivo de facilitar la transmisión del conocimiento. Para que estos nuevos elementos resulten útiles y accesibles para el usuario final, se deben incluir considerando no sólo aspectos técnicos sino también de usabilidad como, por ejemplo, la facilidad y sencillez en el manejo. En este artículo se describe la evolución de las principales tecnologías usadas para el desarrollo de museos virtuales, especialmente las que generan contenido 3D. Asimismo se estudian los requisitos fundamentales para incluir estos elementos de manera satisfactoria. Finalmente se realiza una comparativa de este tipo de aplicaciones con métodos de difusión tradicionales como libros o revistas y con los museos reales.[EN] Thanks to the development of the new technologies, virtual museums have incorporated new contents that make the transmission of the knowledge easier. These new elements should be included considering not only technical features but also usability and simplicity requirements for end users. In this paper, we describe the evolution of the main technologies utilized in the creation of virtual Museums, specifically those which generate 3D content. We also describe how to include these new contents in order to obtain a successful result. Finally, we compare virtual Museums with another traditional ways of transmitting knowledge such as, real museums, books, and magazines.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España y la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos FEDER, bajo el proyecto de investigación TIN2007-67474-C03-03. Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía bajo el proyecto P07-TIC-02773.Robles Ortega, MD.; Feito Higueruela, FR.; Jiménez Delgado, JJ.; Segura Sánchez, RJ. (2012). Evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de Museos Virtuales. Virtual Archaeology Review. 3(7):34-38. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4382OJS343837AMIGONI, F. et al. (2009): "The Minerva system: A step Howard automatically created virtual museums", en Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23. pp. 204-232.CABALLERO, F.J (2011): "Nuevos métodos de difusión del arte. Espacios expositivos virtuales: proyecto UMUSEO". En Actas de El Patrimonio Cultural y Natural como motor de desarrollo: Investigación e Innovación.CANO, J (2011): "Nuevas Tecnologías: Recursos emocionales para la exhibición del conocimiento en los Museos". En Actas de El Patrimonio Cultural y Natural como motor de desarrollo: Investigación e Innovación.CARROZZINO, M. et al. (2010): "Beyond virtual museums: Experiencing immersive virtual reality in real museums", en Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 11 (4). pp. 452-458CORCORAN, F. et al. (2002): "Inuit3d: An interactive virtual 3d web exhibition". En Proceedings of the Museums and the Web, [online]http://www.archimuse.com/mw2002/papers/corcoran/corcoran.html [Consulta: 15-03-2011].HANISCH, F. et al. (2000): "Reconstruction and virtual model of the Schikard calculator". En Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 1, pp. 335-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(00)01090-6HARNAUD, C.H. (2007): "Protecting our cultural heritage". En Chemical & Engineering news, vol. 85 (50), pp. 34-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n050.p034HERNÁNDEZ, L. (2010): "Galicia Dixital. Una exposición de patrimonio e-tangible. El Museo Vacío". En Virtual Archaeological Review (VAR), vol. 1(1), pp. 35-39.MOLTENBREY, K. (2001): "Preserving the Past", En Computer Graphics World, vol. 24(9).ROBLES ORTEGA, M.D. et al. (2010): "Uso de aplicaciones estéreo para difundir estudios arqueológicos. Aplicación a Museos Virtuales". En Virtual Archaeological Review (VAR), vol. 1(2), pp. 138-142.VINCE, J. (1995): Virtual reality systems. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co

Membrane-assisted reactive crystallisation for the recovery of dissolved phosphorus in vivianite form from liquid effluents

Novel membrane crystallisation processes resolve the mixing challenge on conventional crystallisers, by providing fixed interfacial area over which supersaturation is controlled for nucleation. Moreover, the membrane surface is thought to reduce interfacial energy and encourage micromixing. In this regard, a novel membraneassisted reactive crystallisation (MARC) process was used in this work for the dissolved phosphorous recovery in form of vivianite crystals from a phosphate-rich solution by means of the dosing of iron (II). To characterise the role of the boundary layer in controlling nucleation, a batch lab-scale system was used for the crystallization tests, and different hydraulic conditions (Reynolds ranging from 105 to 395) and polymeric membranes were tested. The crystallisation process was influenced by the hydraulic conditions, in which a low liquid velocity led to a lower induction time and vivianite supersaturation, and therefore, higher nucleation rates. Membrane properties were characterised to establish their role in the modification of the critical free energy requirement for nucleation, and for the promotion of micromixing, as possible factors that can be used to modify nucleation kinetics. As result, the bulk induction time tended to decrease with the increase in membrane hydrophobicity, roughness, pore size and porosity. Spherical vivianite nanoparticles were always synthesised with a mean size around 35 nm and a narrow distribution independently of the hydraulic conditions and membrane used. Finally, the crystallisation kinetic conformed to a diffusion-dependent nucleation mechanism, in which higher residence times for mixing increased the ion collision probability for nucleation. Importantly, this study demonstrated that MARC is an attractive prospect for nutrient recovery from wastewaters where crystal nucleation can be easily controlled by setting the operational conditions and membrane properties, eliciting considerable process intensification over existing conventional crystalliser.European Union funding: 71408

The role of neo-tectonics in the sedimentary infilling and geomorphological evolution of the Guadalquivir estuary (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain) during the Holocene.

Spain) has yielded new evidence regarding the sedimentary infilling and geomorphological evolution of the Guadalquivir estuary during the Holocene. The sedimentation and geomorphological disposition have been strongly conditioned by neotectonic activity along a set of SW-NE alignments, interrupted by other alignments that follow E-W and NW-SE directions. The most conspicuous of the SW-NE alignments is the Torre Carbonero-Marilópez Fault (TCMF). South of this fault, the estuary experienced a marked subsidence from about 4000 to 2000 cal. yr BP through a series of sedimentary sequences of retrogradation and aggradationwithin the context of relative sea-level rise. From c. 2000 cal. yr BP to the present the subsidence has remained relatively dormant, with progradation of the littoral systems and infilling of the marshland progressing within a context of sea-level stability. Our results reveal that neotectonic activity is a critical factor thatmust also be reckonedwith in any attempt to understand the Holocene geomorphological evolution in the Guadalquivir estuary

Compilation of parameterized seismogenic sources in Iberia for the SHARE European-scale seismic source model.

Abstract: SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) is an EC-funded project (FP7) that aims to evaluate European seismic hazards using an integrated, standardized approach. In the context of SHARE, we are compiling a fully-parameterized active fault database for Iberia and the nearby offshore region. The principal goal of this initiative is for fault sources in the Iberian region to be represented in SHARE and incorporated into the source model that will be used to produce seismic hazard maps at the European scale. The SHARE project relies heavily on input from many regional experts throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region. At the SHARE regional meeting for Iberia, the 2010 Working Group on Iberian Seismogenic Sources (WGISS) was established; these researchers are contributing to this large effort by providing their data to the Iberian regional integrators in a standardized format. The development of the SHARE Iberian active fault database is occurring in parallel with IBERFAULT, another ongoing effort to compile a database of active faults in the Iberian region. The SHARE Iberian active fault database synthesizes a wide range of geological and geophysical observations on active seismogenic sources, and incorporates existing compilations (e.g., Cabral, 1995; Silva et al., 2008), original data contributed directly from researchers, data compiled from the literature, parameters estimated using empirical and analytical relationships, and, where necessary, parameters derived using expert judgment. The Iberian seismogenic source model derived for SHARE will be the first regional-scale source model for Iberia that includes fault data and follows an internationally standardized approach (Basili et al., 2008; 2009). This model can be used in both seismic hazard and risk analyses and will be appropriate for use in Iberian- and European-scale assessments

A high concentration of TGF-β correlates with opportunistic infection in liver and kidney transplantation

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been associated with numerous human infections, but its role in the occurrence of opportunistic infection (OI) after solid organ transplantation remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the utility of the TGF-β following in vitro stimulation of whole peripheral blood (WPB) as a surrogate biomarker of post-transplant OI in a cohort of liver and kidney recipients. Thirty liver and thirty-one kidney transplant recipients were recruited to be prospectively monitored for one-year post-transplantation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to calculate IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β concentration in the supernatant from the activated WPB. Recipients showed higher TGF-β concentrations compared to IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10 at baseline, although these differences were not significant between INF and NoINF. However, recipients who developed an OI within the first sixth months had a higher concentration of TGF-β than those without OI. A concentration of TGF-β > 363.25 pg/ml in liver and TGF-β > 808.51 pg/ml in kidney recipients were able to stratify patients at high risk of OI with a sensitivity and specificity above 70% in both types of solid organ transplantations. TGF-β could provide valuable information for the management of liver and kidney recipients at risk of post-transplant infection.Our work was possible thanks to the support and funding obtained from the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)”, Spanish Ministry of Health (Grant Number PI15/01370 and P19/01194); and co-funding by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with the principle of “A manner to build Europe”

La Base de Datos de Fallas Activas en el Cuaternario de Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)

ABSTRACT. The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI) is an initiative lead by the Institute of Geology and Mines of Spain (IGME) for building a public repository of scientific data regarding faults having documented activity during the last 2.59 Ma (Quaternary). QAFI also addresses a need to transfer geologic knowledge to practitioners of seismic hazard and risk in Iberia by identifying and characterizing seismogenic fault-sources. QAFI is populated by the information freely provided by more than 40 Earth science researchers, storing to date a total of 262 records. In this article we describe the development and evolution of the database, as well as its internal architecture. Additionally, a first global analysis of the data is provided with a special focus on length and slip-rate fault parameters. Finally, the database completeness and the internal consistency of the data are discussed. Even though QAFI v.2.0 is the most current resource for calculating fault-related seismic hazard in Iberia, the database is still incomplete and requires further review.RESUMEN. La Base de Datos de Fallas Activas de Iberia (QAFI) es una iniciativa promovida por el Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) para construir un repositorio público de información científica sobre fallas con actividad en los últimos 2,59 Ma (Cuaternario). Además, la QAFI persigue establecer una base sobre la que facilitar la transferencia de conocimiento geológico al ámbito tecnológico de la gestión del riesgo sísmico en Iberia, en particular en la identificación y caracterización de fuentes sismogénicas tipo falla. La QAFI se ha construido a partir de la información proporcionada de modo altruista por más de 40 investigadores en ciencias de la Tierra conteniendo actualmente un total de de 262 registros. En este artículo se describe la concepción y evolución de la base de datos, y su arquitectura interna. Además, se ofrece un primer análisis global de los datos que contiene, con especial interés en parámetros tan importantes como la longitud y tasa de deslizamiento de las fallas. Finalmente se discuten dos temas cruciales en cualquier base de datos: su completitud y la homogeneidad de los datos. Se concluye que QAFI v.2.0, pese a ser la fuente más actualizada de información disponible en Iberia sobre peligrosidad sísmica de fallas concretas, dista aun de ser completa, por lo que nuevas revisiones y versiones deberán seguir llevándose a cabo en el futuro

Impact of institutional organization on research productivity and multidisciplinarity

In this article, we will describe a model to examine the influence of differently organized institutions on their scientific productivity. We take two extreme cases, on one hand, an institution divided in departments with no collaboration between people in different departments. These could be disciplines or merely projects. On the other hand, we consider an institution that allows interactions between all individuals, without a departmental structure to a department. We compare the results with data from the Institute of Renewable Energy (IER) at UNAM, which has changed its organization and policies during the last 30 years, and we could quantitatively predict the changes observed in productivity and multidisciplinarity. This model can be applied to a broader set of institutions and processes