XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Use of commercial fertilizer in the cell kinetics of Desmodesmus opoliensis (Chlorophyceae), preliminary report

Las microalgas son microorganismos fotosintéticos reconocidos por su producción de vitaminas, carbohidratos, pigmentos y lípidos. Sin embargo, esta producción es afectada por la composición de nutrientes micro y macrominerales en el sistema de cultivo, que para algunos casos constituyen altos costos, un 70% en la producción de microalgas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un fertilizante edáfico comercial como medio de cultivo para la microalga Desmodesmus opoliensis y su efecto en la cinética celular. Para esto, se utilizó como medio comercial Remital® en cultivos estáticos, evaluando un total de cuatro concentraciones (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 y 2.0 gr/l de agua destilada), este medio de cultivo fue comprando con el medio F/2 Guillard (1 ml/l) por triplicado para cada medio de cultivo (n=3). Para determinar la curva cinética y su comportamiento, la densidad celular (cel/ml) se llevó a cabo por medio de conteo celular en cámara de Neubauer y las clorofilas totales (μg/ml) por espectrofotometría, a una tempertura de cultivo de 242 °C y un fotoperiodo de 12:12 (Luz:Oscuridad) durante 14 días. El F/2 Guillard alcanzó una densidad celular máxima de 4.33±1.96 (106 cel/ml). El tratamiento con concentraciones de 2 g/l, mostró el mayor crecimiento con un promedio de 2.9x106 cel/m, sin diferencias estadísticas significativas al ser comparado con las diferentes concentraciones del fertilizante comercial Remital® (P>0.05). Estos resultados confirman y permiten el uso de fertilizantes no convencionales como el Remital® en la producción de Desmodesmus opolienis.The microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms recognized for their production of vitamins, carbohydrates, pigments and lipids. However, this production is affected by the composition of micro and macro nutrients in the culture system,which in some cases constitute high costs, 70% in the production of microalgae. The objective of this study was to evaluate a commercial edaphic fertilizer as a culture medium for the microalgae Desmodesmus opoliensis and its effect on cell kinetics. For this, Remital® was used as a commercial medium in static cultures, evaluating a total of four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 gr/l of distilled water), this culture medium was purchased with the Guillard F/2 medium (1 ml/l) in triplicate for each culture medium (n= 3). To determine the kinetic curve and its behavior, the cell density (cel/ml) was carried out by means of cell count in Neubauer chamber and total chlorophylls (μg/ml) by spectrophotometry, at a culture temperature of 24 ± 2 °C and a photoperiod of 12:12 (light:dark) for 14 days. The Guillard F/2 reached a maximum cell density of 4.33±1.96 (106 cells/ml). The treatment with concentrations of 2 g/l, showed the highest growth with an average of 2.9x106 cel/ml, without significant statistical differences when compared with the different concentrations of the commercial fertilizer Remital® (P>0.05). These results confirm and allow the use of unconventional fertilizers such as Remital® in the production of Desmodesmus opolienis

Phenolic Profile and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Three Chilean Altiplano Plants: <i>Clinopodium gilliesii</i> (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae], <i>Mutisia acuminata</i> Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera, and <i>Tagetes multiflora</i> (Kunth) [Asteraceae]

This research aimed to identify the phenolic profile and composition of the aerial parts of three native species used in traditional medicine in the Andean Altiplano of northern Chile: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae] (commonly known as Muña-Muña), Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Chinchircoma), and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth), [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Gracilis), as well as to evaluate their potential inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Polyphenolic enriched-extracts (PEEs) of the species were prepared and analyzed and the main components were quantified using HPLC-DAD. In total, 30 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in all species, including simple phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols (monomers and polymers), flavanones, and flavonols. In addition, other main phenolics from the extracts were tentatively identified by ESI-MS-MS high-resolution analysis. T. multiflora extract showed the greatest anti-AChE and BChE activity in comparison with C. gilliesii and M. acuminata extracts, being the anti-AChE and BChE activity weak in all extracts in comparison to galantamine control. To comprise to better understand the interactions between cholinesterase enzymes and the main phenolics identified in T. multiflora, molecular docking analysis was conducted

Estados alterados : reconfiguraciones estatales, luchas políticas y crisis orgánica en tiempos de pandemia

Con claroscuros y matices diferenciados, América Latina sigue siendo un espacio abigarrado de experiencias y posibilidades en disputa, en el que no parece haber lugar para la rendición. Lo que vendrá tras esta crisis sanitaria, económica y social será el resultado, seguramente, de las contradicciones que se despliegan cada día, en cada lucha, en cada rebeldía, en cada decisión de resistir, en cada voluntad de avanzar y no dejarse vencer en un mundo en el que el destino anti-capitalista parece, cada vez más, el único posible y necesario de construir. Del prólogo de Mabel Thwaites Re

Libro Rojo de Peces Dulceacuícolas de Colombia (2012)

En el marco del Plan Operativo Anual (2010 – 2011 - 2012) del Programa de Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad del Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, se llevó a cabo la actualización del Libro Rojo de peces dulceacuícolas de Colombia o proceso de evaluación del riesgo de extinción y evolución del estado de conservación de las especies de peces dulceacuícolas, como también es conocido. Esta iniciativa se llevó a cabo con el aval del Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial – MAVT (hoy Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible – MADS) y la participación del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, WWF Colombia, y la Universidad de Manizales. En este proceso contribuyeron más de 50 investigadores, vinculados a unas 30 instituciones académicas, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales.Bogotá, D. C

Caracterização das explorações agrícolas no Ribatejo

Face à importância da adopção de incentivos à reestruturação fundiária no nosso país, é continuamente vital a análise do tipo de investimento que se vem a realizar desde a nossa entrada na Comunidade. Este trabalho constitui um primeiro estudo referente à caracterização das explorações agrícolas que beneficiaram de apoios, no Ribatejo. Numa segunda e terceira fases pretende-se relacionar os investimentos realizados com a estrutura física da exploração e uma posterior caracterização do beneficiário-tipo

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care