Arquitectura y paisaje contemporáneo en monumentos y contextos históricos

[SPA] Las actuaciones en Patrimonio ofrecen la oportunidad de ensalzar, aún más si cabe, el innato valor de sus paisajes. En el caso de Granada, que es fundamentalmente un paisaje, romper una perspectiva es tan grave como demoler un monumento primordial. El centro José Guerrero es una oportunidad de sumar un mirador más en una ciudad de miradores. En el Museo de Bellas Artes, Palacio de Carlos V, la luz natural y el paisaje son los puntos de partida de la intervención. Por último, la torre del homenaje de Huéscar es un puesto de observación militar que, desmochado tras la conquista de la ciudad en 1434, ingresó en el ajuar de lo doméstico.[ENG] Heritage performances offer the opportunity to praise, even further, the innate value of their landscapes. In the case of Granada, which is primarily a landscape perspective break as bad as demolishing a monument primordial. José Guerrero Centre is an opportunity to add a gazebo in a city of more viewpoints. At the Museum of Fine Arts, Palace of Charles V, the natural light and the landscape are the starting points of intervention. Finally, the keep of Huéscar is a military observation post, topped after the conquest of the city in 1434, he joined the outfit of the domesti

Viviendas Sociales en el Pago de Viñana. Molvízar

Universidad Pablo de OlavideMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación CSO2009-06819-EUniversidad de Granada 1975-200

Production of microalgal external organic matter in a Chlorella-dominated culture: influence of temperature and stress factors

Although microalgae are recognised to release external organic matter (EOM), little is known about this phenomenon in microalgae cultivation systems, especially on a large scale. A study on the effect of microalgae-stressing factors such as temperature, nutrient limitation and ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) competition in EOM production by microalgae was carried out. The results showed non-statistically significant differences in EOM production at constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C. However, when the temperature was raised from 25 to 35 °C for 4 h a day, polysaccharide production increased significantly, indicating microalgae stress. Nutrient limitation also seemed to increase EOM production. No significant differences were found in EOM production under lab conditions when the microalgae competed with AOB for ammonium uptake. However, when the EOM concentration was monitored during continuous outdoor operation of a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant, nitrifying bacteria activity was likely to be responsible for the increase in EOM concentration in the culture. Other factors such as high temperatures, ammonium-depletion and low light intensities could also have induced cell deterioration and thus have influenced EOM production in the outdoor MPBR plant. Membrane fouling seemed to depend on the biomass concentration of the culture. However, under the operating conditions tested, the behaviour of fouling rate with respect to the EOM concentration was different depending on the initial membrane state

Life cycle assessment of AnMBR technology for urban wastewater treatment: A case study based on a demo-scale AnMBR system

This study aims at assessing the environmental performance of a projected full-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating urban wastewater (UWW) at ambient temperature. To this aim, data from an AnMBR demonstration plant equipped with commercially available equipment, including industrial hollow fiber and degassing membranes, was used for projecting a full-scale facility. The use of real operation data allows to obtain robust results that contribute to improve the knowledge of the environmental performance of this technology, pointing out its strengths and the challenges that still need to be addressed. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied by means of Ecoinvent data base and ReCiPe2016 methodology considering 1 kg of removed COD as functional unit. Additionally, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were conducted. Energy balance showed AnMBR performing as energy producer (net energy surplus up to - 0.688 kWh⋅kg CODrem - 1 ) and carbon sink (emissions credit up to 0.223 kgCO2eq⋅kgCODrem - 1). Results also showed energy recovery, heavy metals in sludge, dissolved methane in the effluent, and effluent nutrient content as the most important aspects affecting LCA outcome. Construction phase affected some impact categories significantly (e.g., 51-71% in mineral resource scarcity, 18-27% in fossil resource scarcity, 21-28% in water consumption), therefore its exclusion should be carefully evaluated. CHP efficiency, dissolved methane recovery, filtration productivity, membrane scouring, reactor mixing, HRT and SRT appeared most influencing parameters. Finally, actions leading to increase the recovery and valorization of dissolved methane and/or of nutrients through, for instance, fertigation, improve the environmental performance of AnMBR for UWW treatment

Improving membrane photobioreactor performance by reducing light path: operating conditions and key performance indicators

Microalgae cultivation has been receiving increasing interest in wastewater remediation due to their ability to assimilate nutrients present in wastewater streams. In this respect, cultivating microalgae in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) allows decoupling the solid retention time (SRT) from the hydraulic retention time (HRT), which enables to increase the nutrient load to the photobioreactors (PBRs) while avoiding the wash out of the microalgae biomass. The reduction of the PBR light path from 25 to 10 cm increased the nitrogen and phosphorus recovery rates, microalgae biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency by 150, 103, 194 and 67%, respectively. The areal biomass productivity (aBP) also increased when the light path was reduced, reflecting the better use of light in the 10-cm MPBR plant. The capital and operating operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) of the 10-cm MPBR plant were also reduced by 27 and 49%, respectively. Discharge limits were met when the 10-cm MPBR plant was operated at SRTs of 3-4.5 d and HRTs of 1.25-1.5 d. At these SRT/HRT ranges, the process could be operated without a high fouling propensity with gross permeate flux (J20) of 15 LMH and specific gas demand (SGDp) between 16 and 20 Nm3air·m−3permeate, which highlights the potential of membrane filtration in MPBRs. When the continuous operation of the MPBR plant was evaluated, an optical density of 680 nm (OD680) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) were found to be good indicators of microalgae cell and algal organic matter (AOM) concentrations, while dissolved oxygen appeared to be directly related to MPBR performance. Nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration and the soluble chemical oxygen demand:volatile suspended solids ratio (sCOD:VSS) were used as indicators of nitrifying bacteria activity and the stress on the culture, respectively. These parameters were inversely related to nitrogen recovery rates and biomass productivity and could thus help to prevent possible culture deterioration

The architectural research, the architectural design and the environmental conditioning of the project to adapt the main fl oor of the Charles V Palace in Granada

El Palacio de Carlos V, situado en el Conjunto Monumental de la Alhambra de Granada, a pesar de su apariencia de edifi cio concluido de acuerdo a un proyecto, el de Pedro Machuca, no llegó a ser ejecutado en su totalidad. Constituye un claro ejemplo de lo que la historiografía moderna denominaría como edifi cio sujeto a “larga duración”. Su planta principal acoge en la actualidad el Museo de Bellas Artes de Granada. Tras el proyecto de terminación del Palacio realizado por Torres Balbás en 1928, la idea de instalar dicho museo se produce en la década de 1940, con un proyecto realizado por F. Prieto Moreno e inaugurado en 1958. En el año 2000 se redacta el Proyecto de Adecuación de la Planta Principal del Palacio de Carlos V. Ese proyecto está ya ejecutado, aunque el proyecto museográfi co tiene previsto su fi nalización en 2007. El citado proyecto de adecuación aborda, desde la investigación arquitectónica, el acondicionamiento ambiental de las salas del palacio, especialmente el lumínico, el higrotérmico y el de calidad del aire, así como la inclusión de las instalaciones necesarias acordes al uso expositivo, que garanticen principalmente la contemplación visual de las obras expuestas, las condiciones de conservación de esas obras, el confort de los visitantes y la efi ciencia energética. El artículo expone el modo respetuoso en el que este proyecto de adecuación da respuesta a estos objetivos.The Charles V Palace is located in the Complex of Monuments of the Alhambra in Granada; despite the fact that it appears to be a fi nished building according to the design by Pedro Machuca, actually it was never completed. It is a clear example of what modern history writers would term a “longduration” building. Its main floor currently houses the Fine Arts Museum of Granada. The proposal to install this museum here was put forward in the 1940s, after the palace was completed in 1928 by Torres Balbás. The project was implemented by F. Prieto Moreno and the museum was opened in 1958. In 2000, the project to adapt the main floor of the Charles V Palace was drawn up. This project has already been implemented, although the museum project is expected to be completed in 2007. Based on architectural research, the abovementioned project includes environmental conditioning of the palace rooms, especially light, hygrothermal and air quality conditioning, as well as the installations required for exposition purposes, which mainly guarantee the visual observation of the works of art on display, conservation conditions of these works, visitors’ comfort and energy efficiency. This article details the respectful way in which this adaptation project is meeting those objectives

A semi-industrial AnMBR plant for urban wastewater treatment at ambient temperature: Analysis of the filtration process, energy balance and quantification of GHG emissions

A semi-industrial scale AnMBR urban wastewater treatment plant was operated for 580 days at ambient temperature (ranging from 10-30 ○C) to assess its long-term filtration performance, energy balance and GHG emissions. The applied 20ºC-standardized transmembrane flux (J20) was varied between 15 and 25 LMH and the specific gas demand per m2 of membrane (SGDm) was modified between 0.10 to 0.40 Nm3·m-2·h-1 (corresponding to a specific gas demand per permeate volume (SGDP) between 10 to 20 Nm3·m-3). The filtration strategy allowed successful long-term operations without any chemical cleaning requirements and little fouling for 233 days. The plant operated as a net energy producer for more than 50 % of the experimental period, with an average net energy demand of -0.169±0.341, -0.190±0.376 and -0.205±0.447 kWh·m-3, considering 0 %, 50 % and 70 % of dissolved methane recovery, respectively. Finally, demethanization of AnMBR effluent is needed to achieve an environmentally sustainable operation of the technology. Therefore, the combination of AnMBR with degassing membranes appears as a suitable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment

A semi-industrial scale AnMBR for municipal wastewater treatment at ambient temperature: performance of the biological process

A semi-industrial scale AnMBR plant was operated for more than 600 days to evaluate the long-term operation of this technology at ambient temperature (ranging from 10 to 27 ºC), variable hydraulic retention times (HRT) (from 25 to 41 h) and influent loads (mostly between 15 and 45 kg COD·d−1). The plant was fed with sulfate-rich high-loaded municipal wastewater from the pre-treatment of a full-scale WWTP. The results showed promising AnMBR performance as the core technology for wastewater treatment, obtaining an average 87.2 ± 6.1 % COD removal during long-term operation, with 40 % of the data over 90%. Five periods were considered to evaluate the effect of HRT, influent characteristics, COD/-S ratio and temperature on the biological process. In the selected periods, methane yields varied from 70.2±36.0 to 169.0±95.1 STP L CH4·kg−1 CODinf, depending on the influent sulfate concentration, and wasting sludge production was reduced by between 8 % and 42 % compared to conventional activated sludge systems. The effluent exhibited a significant nutrient recovery potential. Temperature, HRT, SRT and influent COD/-S ratio were corroborated as crucial parameters to consider in maximizing AnMBR performance

Maximizing resource recovery from urban wastewater through an innovative facility layout

[EN] This research work proposes an innovative layout for urban wastewater treatment based on anaerobic technology, microalgal cultivation and membrane technology. The proposed Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) system can treat urban wastewater efficiently, complying with legal discharge limits and allowing for resource recovery, i.e. energy, nutrients and reclaimed water. In addition, the proposed layout produces less solid wastes than a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and it is possible to recover energy as biogas, not only from the original wastewater sources but also from the biomass generated in the WRRF system