Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares modificables: obesidad y sedentarismo en escolares de una institución pública de la ciudad Guadalupe, N.L. México

Los escolares son un grupo poblacional vulnerable, se conoce que desde edades tempranas inician algunas enfermedades cardiovasculares, dos factores de riesgo que desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo de estas enfermedades son la presencia de sedentarismo y la obesidad. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la presencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares modificables: sedentarismo y obesidad, en escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad. Material y métodos: se trató de un diseño descriptivo, a partir de una población de 360 escolares en el que participaron 48 de ellos, con residencia en Guadalupe, N. L. México, a los que se les calculó el índice de masa corporal para clasificarlos de acuerdo con los percentiles del centro de control y prevención de enfermedades de Estados Unidos; también se utilizó un cuestionario para medir la presencia de sedentarismo. Resultados: se encontró que un 31,26% presentaba obesidad y un 39, 6% de los escolares eran sedentarios. Conclusiones: se encontraron porcentajes elevados de ambos factores de riesgo cardiovascular, lo que sugiere el replanteamiento de las intervenciones dirigidas al grupo de escolares para mejorar la eficacia en los resultados esperados en la prevención de obesidad y disminución de riesgos asociados con la salud cardiovascular

Eficiencia de uniformidad del riego por exudación en producción de Ca-psicum chinense Jacq. y su repercusión económica

In the search for agricultural irrigation systems that increase efficiency in the use of water, it was necessary to evaluate the uniformity and profitability of the irrigation system by exudation in the production of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). A randomized complete block analysis of variance was performed, with two treatments (exudation and dripping) with four repetitions. Irrigation by exudation showed greater application efficiency with a sheet of usable moisture (LHA) of 0.395 cm per day, while the drip system showed a LHA of 0.470 cm. Irrigation by exudation in the same way presented a higher coefficient of flow uniformity with 93% while by dripping it showed 89%, when evaluating the coefficient of pressure uniformity, this was higher in irrigation by exudation with 98% while that by drip was 89%. In the economic aspect, the irrigation by exudation generated a profitability of 77.91% and by drip 68.68% with a higher benefit/cost ratio of irrigation by exudation (3.53) than drip irrigation (2.19). From the results it is concluded that exudation irrigation is a viable alternative for its use in the cultivation of habanero pepper.En la búsqueda de sistemas de riego agrícola que incrementen la eficiencia en el uso del agua, fue necesario evaluar la uniformidad y rentabilidad del sistema de riego por exudación en la producción de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Se realizó un análisis de varianza de bloques completos al azar, con dos tratamentos (exudación y goteo) con cuatro repeticiones. El riego por exudación presentó mayor eficiencia de aplicación con una lámina de humedad aprovechable (LHA) de 0,395 cm diarios, mientras que el sistema por goteo mostró una LHA de 0,470 cm. El riego por exudación de igual manera presentó mayor coeficiente de uniformidad de caudal con 93% mientras que por goteo mostró un 89%, al evaluar el coeficiente de uniformidad de presión, esté fue superior en el riego por exudación con un 98% mientras que por goteo fue de un 89%. En el aspecto económico el riego por exudación generó una rentabilidad del 77,91% y por goteo el 68,68% con una mayor relación beneficio/costo el riego por exudación (3,53) que el riego por goteo (2,19). A partir de los resultados se concluye que el riego por exudación es una alternativa viable para su uso en el cultivo de chile habanero

Formulación de una idea de negocio sostenible para la producción de humus orgánico como fertilizante para cultivos de hortalizas en el municipio de Tuta -Boyacá.

El proyecto tiene como objetivo presentar la formulación de una idea de negocio sostenible para la producción de humus orgánico como fertilizante para cultivos de hortalizas en el municipio de Tuta, Boyacá. Esta idea de negocio busca promover una agricultura sostenible a partir del cuidado del medio ambiente, a partir de un análisis de la situación actual del municipio en cuanto a la producción agrícola, donde se identificó la necesidad de implementar prácticas sostenibles para el cuidado y protección del ecosistema, puesto que se ha visto afectada por el uso intensivo de agroquímicos generando impactos negativos como la erosión del suelo, la contaminación de los ríos y la pérdida de la biodiversidad. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo una investigación de las propiedades del humus orgánico como fertilizante para cultivos de hortalizas, donde se determinó que su uso promueve la producción de alimentos saludables y reduce la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos, originando unos cultivos más eficientes y responsables con el ecosistema. Por lo que a partir de la implementación de esta idea de negocio se pretende promover una agricultura con énfasis en la conservación medio ambiente en el municipio de Tuta, contribuyendo así a la generación de una economía sostenible donde se espera que la producción de humus orgánico permita mejorar la calidad y productividad de los cultivos de hortalizas, fomentando a su vez la generación de empleos en la región, dando paso a la formación de espacios de educación.The objective of the project is to present the formulation of a sustainable business idea for the production of organic humus as fertilizer for vegetable crops in the municipality of Tuta, Boyacá. This business idea seeks to promote sustainable agriculture based on environmental care, based on an analysis of the current situation of the municipality in terms of agricultural production, where the need to implement sustainable practices for the care and protection of the ecosystem was identified, since it has been affected by the intensive use of agrochemicals generating negative impacts such as soil erosion, river pollution and loss of biodiversity. Subsequently, research was conducted on the properties of organic humus as a fertilizer for vegetable crops, where it was determined that its use promotes the production of healthy food and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, resulting in more efficient and responsible crops with the ecosystem. Therefore, the implementation of this business idea is intended to promote agriculture with emphasis on environmental conservation in the municipality of Tuta, thus contributing to the generation of a sustainable economy where it is expected that the production of organic humus will improve the quality and productivity of vegetable crops, promoting in turn the generation of jobs in the region, giving way to the formation of educational spaces

Resistencia a antibióticos de bacterias aisladas de biopelículas en una planta de alimentos

Objetivo. Evaluar la resistencia a antibióticos y la capacidad de formación de biopelículas de bacterias aisladas en una planta de producción de alimentos. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron muestras de 3 zonas diferentes, en una planta procesadora de alimentos; en la lavadora de canastas, la mesa de producción y en la banda empacadora. Se aislaron e identificaron las bacterias presentes en cada una de las tres zonas y se determinó la capacidad formadora de biopelículas por medio de cuantificación celular. Asimismo se evaluó la resistencia de cada una de las bacterias aisladas frente a ocho diferentes antibióticos. Resultados. Se recuperaron 29 cepas, correspondientes a 13 géneros diferentes, los cuales fueron todos formadores de biopelículas. Se encontró que cerca del 50% de las bacterias aisladas fueron resistentes a antibióticos como la penicilina G y vancomicina. Adicionalmente se evidenció un alto grado de multirresistencia a los diferentes antibióticos. Conclusiones. La alta multirresistencia encontrada a antibióticos entre las bacterias analizadas podría ser un problema para salud pública ya que pueden ser transmitidas por alimentos. De igual manera es de gran importancia la capacidad de producción de biopelículas de la microbiota analizada así como la alta concentración de bacterias entéricas y ambientales, lo que sugiere deficiencia del programa de limpieza y desinfección de la planta

Validación de un instrumento para la valoración de la sostenibilidad en sistemas de riego

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar un instrumento de recolección de datos, que permite evaluar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de riego en las empresas agroexportadoras del departamento de Petén, Guatemala. Este instrumento se sometió a un proceso sistemático de validación que finalizó con una estructura sólida formulada por 62 ítems, diez variables y tres dimensiones. En el proceso de validación se consultó a expertos y jueces nacionales e internacionales. Se realizaron dos pruebas pilotos espaciadas en temporalidad para medir la estabilidad respectiva. Del índice de validez de contenido del cuestionario (CVI) se obtuvo un valor de 0.71. En cuanto al análisis factorial confirmatorio surgieron tres factores que en conjunto explicaron el 80.54 % de la varianza acumulada, además de mostrar una consistencia interna global (α =0.917) satisfactoria de acuerdo con el estadístico alfa de Cronbach. El cuestionario presentó estabilidad al realizar el análisis test y retest, con un coeficiente de Pearson de 0.929. En conclusión, se logró obtener un instrumento válido y confiable que permite medir con eficiencia las tres dimensiones de la sostenibilidad para los sistemas de riego.   &nbsp

Parental socialization styles as a predictor of suicidal ideation in high school students

Objective: To know if there is a significant difference between the types of maternal vs. paternal parental socialization and if they are predictors of suicidal ideation in students of  Ignacio Carrillo Franco (ICF) Preparatory School, May 2017.  Material and methods: Observational, transversal, prospective study. The studiend population was the high school students ICF. The parental socialization styles of both parents were measured using the ESPA-29 scale and the suicidal ideation (Roberts scale) of the students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using ANOVA and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program.  Results: There were 144 students, aged 15-17 (m16.31 ± SD 0.68). The maternal parental socialization style (Negligent vs Authoritarian Games-Howell m: 1.84, SD 0.57, Sig .011) shows significant difference vs paternal and maternal axes Acceptance/Implication (t: -2.85, Sig .005), Coercion/ Imposition (t 3.35, Sig .001), maternal dysplication (t 5.913, Sig .000) and paternal (t 3.343, Sig 0.001) are predictors of suicidal ideation.  Discussion: The mother plays the most important role in the suicidal ideation of adolescents; since according to their parental style they are the most predicted.  Key words: Styles of parental socialization, suicidal ideation, adolescents

Inhibitory Effects of Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) on Growth and Invasiveness of PC3 Human Prostate Cancer

New approaches are needed to the therapy of advanced prostate cancer. This study determined the effect of growth hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists, JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on growth of PC3 tumors as well as on angiogenesis and metastasis through the evaluation of various factors that contribute largely to the progression of prostate cancer. Human PC3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The treatment with JMR-132 (10 ug/day) or JV-1-38 (20 ug/day) lasted 41 days. We also evaluated the effects of JMR-132 and JV-1-38 on proliferation, cell adhesion and migration in PC-3 cells in vitro. Several techniques (Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and zymography) were used to evaluate the expression levels of GHRH receptors and its splice variants, GHRH, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9, beta-catenin and E-cadherin. GHRH antagonists suppressed the proliferation of PC-3 cells in vitro and significantly inhibited growth of PC3 tumors. After treatment with these analogues, we found an increase in expression of GHRH receptor accompanied by a decrease of GHRH levels, a reduction in both VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression and in active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9, a significant increase in levels of membrane-associated ?-catenin and a significant decline in E-cadherin. These results support that the blockade of GHRH receptors can modulate elements involved in angiogenesis and metastasis. Consequently, GHRH antagonists could be considered as suitable candidates for therapeutic trials in the management of androgen-independent prostate cancer.Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaComunidad de MadridUniversidad de AlcaláMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacio

Induction of more aggressive tumoral phenotypes in LNCaP and PC3 cells by serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent and sixth most fatal cancer in men worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, our understanding of its etiology and the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease is substantially limited. In recent years, the potential participation of exosomes in this process has been suggested. Therefore, we aim to study the effect of exosomes isolated from the serum of patients with PCa on various cellular processes associated with increased tumor aggressiveness in two PCa cell lines: LNCaP-FGC and PC3. The exosomes were isolated by filtration wand ultracentrifugation. Their presence was confirmed by immunodetection of specific markers and their size distribution was analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results obtained demonstrated that serum exosomes from PCa patients increased migration of PC3 cells and neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP-FGC cells regardless of the grade of the tumor. PCa serum exosomes also enhanced the secretion of enzymes related to invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutics, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, and gamma-glutamyltransferase in both cell lines. Altogether, these findings support the pivotal participation of exosomes released by tumoral cells in the progression of PCa. Future studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the observed changes could provide crucial information on this disease and help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) P118/00526, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), A way to make Europe to AM

Molecular Recognition of Glycan-Bearing Glycomacromolecules Presented at Membrane Surfaces by Lectins: An NMR View

Lectin–glycan interactions are at the heart of a multitude of biological events. Glycans are usually presented in a multivalent manner on the cell surface as part of the so-called glycocalyx, where they interact with other entities. This multivalent presentation allows us to overcome the typical low affinities found for individual glycan–lectin interactions. Indeed, the presentation of glycans may drastically impact their binding by lectins, highly affecting the corresponding binding affinity and even selectivity. In this context, we herein present the study of the interaction of a variety of homo- and heteromultivalent lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules and their lipid conjugates with two human galectins. We have employed as ligands the glycomacromolecules, as well as liposomes decorated with those structures, to evaluate their interactions in a cell-mimicking environment. Key details of the interaction have been unravelled by NMR experiments, both from the ligand and receptor perspectives, complemented by cryo-electron microscopy methods and molecular dynamics simulations.M.H. and L.H. thank the DFG for support through the ViroCarb research consortium (HA5950/5-2) and the CeMSA@HHU (Center for Molecular and Structural Analytics @ Heinrich-Heine University) for recording the mass spectrometric and the NMR-spectroscopic data for the structural conformation of the glycomacromolecules and their lipid conjugates. The CIC bioGUNE EM platform is also thanked for infrastructural support during cryo-EM data collection. The group in Spain thank the European Research Council (RECGLYCANMR, Advanced grant no. 788143), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for grants PDI2021-1237810B-C21, PID2021-126130OB-I00, CEX2021-001136-S, and CIBERES, an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain, for generous funding

The C-Terminal Half of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein, Industrially Produced in Plants, Is Valid as Antigen in COVID-19 Serological Tests

Background: The fight against the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a huge demand of biotechnological, pharmaceutical, research and sanitary materials at unprecedented scales. One of the most urgent demands affects the diagnostic tests. The growing need for rapid and accurate laboratory diagnostic tests requires the development of biotechnological processes aimed at producing reagents able to cope with this demand in a scalable, cost-effective manner, with rapid turnaround times. This is particularly applicable to the antigens employed in serological tests. Recombinant protein expression using plants as biofactories is particularly suitable for mass production of protein antigens useful in serological diagnosis, with a neat advantage in economic terms. Methods: We expressed a large portion of the nucleoprotein (N) derived from SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. After purification, the recombinant N protein obtained was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human sera. To validate the ELISA, a panel of 416 sera from exposed personnel at essential services in Madrid City Council were tested, and the results compared to those obtained by another ELISA, already validated, used as reference. Furthermore, a subset of samples for which RT-PCR results were available were used to confirm sensitivity and specificity of the test. Results: The performance of the N protein expressed in plants as antigen in serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection was shown to be highly satisfactory, with calculated diagnostic sensitivity of 96.41% (95% CI: 93.05-98.44) and diagnostic specificity of 96.37 (95% CI: 93.05-98.44) as compared to the reference ELISA, with a kappa (K) value of 0.928 (95% CI:0.892-0.964). Furthermore, the ELISA developed with plant-derived N antigen detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 84 out of 93 sera from individuals showing RT-PCR positive results (86/93 for the reference ELISA). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the N protein part derived from SARS-CoV-2 expressed in plants performs as a perfectly valid antigen for use in COVID-19 diagnosis. Furthermore, our results support the use of this plant platform for expression of recombinant proteins as reagents for COVID-19 diagnosis. This platform stands out as a convenient and advantageous production system, fit-for-purpose to cope with the current demand of this type of biologicals in a cost-effective manner, making diagnostic kits more affordable.Work at Agrenvec and at the CBGP was funded in part by grant COV20-00114 from the Autonomous Region of Madrid (CAM) to FP. The CBGP thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation (SEV-2016-0672).S