Regulación de la respuesta antioxidante en sistema nervioso: función neuroprotectora de la vía de señalización NMDAR-CDK5- NRF2 en astrocitos

[ES]La neurotransmisión glutamatérgica inevitablemente conlleva a la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) que puede desencadenar en daño oxidativo y conducir eventualmente a la neurodegeneración. En este trabajo se describe que la activación fisiológica de los receptores de NMDA, en los astrocitos, desencadena una cascada de eventos de señalización destinados a proporcionar una protección antioxidante a las neuronas. La cascada de señalización se inicia con la entrada de Ca2+ mediada por NMDA, aunque se sostiene por la liberación de Ca2+ desde el retículo endoplásmico desencadenada por la activación de la PLC que conduce a la activación de la PKCdelta. Una vez activa, la PKCdelta mantiene p35 fosforilada para coactivar CDK5 en el citosol. Finalmente, la activación de esta vía de transducción dependiente de CDK5 resulta en la fosforilación de los residuos Thr395, Ser433 y Thr439 de NRF2, provocando su activación funcional. NRF2 activo en los astrocitos estimula la síntesis de GSH mediante el control de la expresión de la GCL, permitiendo la liberación de los precursores del GSH hacia las neuronas, que los utilizan para la síntesis "de novo" como mecanismo neuroprotector

El papel del ‘tercer sector’ en la intervención con los y las menores extranjeros/as no acompañados/as. Un estudio de caso en Zaragoza

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre el papel del llamado “Tercer Sector” en la intervención con los y las menores extranjeros/as no acompañados/as, analizando cómo actúa una entidad de la ciudad de Zaragoza en “el proceso” que se sigue con estos/as jóvenes, desde su llegada al país de acogida y su entrada al sistema de protección hasta la salida de este una vez cumplen la mayoría de edad. Nuestro estudio plantea una perspectiva crítica que impugna la concepción del modelo neoliberal, comparando una revisión bibliográfica con la información recogida mediante entrevistas y cuestionarios realizados a distintos profesionales de dicha entidad. <br /

Abrogating mitochondrial ROS in neurons or astrocytes reveals cell-specific impact on mouse behaviour

Article 101917, (2021)[EN]Cells naturally produce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), but the in vivo pathophysiological significance has long remained controversial. Within the brain, astrocyte-derived mROS physiologically regulate behaviour and are produced at one order of magnitude faster than in neurons. However, whether neuronal mROS abundance differentially impacts on behaviour is unknown. To address this, we engineered genetically modified mice to down modulate mROS levels in neurons in vivo. Whilst no alterations in motor coordination were observed by down modulating mROS in neurons under healthy conditions, it prevented the motor discoordination caused by the pro-oxidant neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). In contrast, abrogation of mROS in astrocytes showed no beneficial effect against the 3-NP insult. These data indicate that the impact of modifying mROS production on mouse behaviour critically depends on the specific cell-type where they are generated

Determination of a Power-Saving Method for Real- Time Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, battery life is a key resource that must be conserved as much as possible. Nowadays, the main way of achieve power saving in this type of circuits is to implement low-power RF (Radio Frequency) circuitry and network protocols that try to minimize the number of transmissions by the air. We think that adaptation to RF environment can minimize the power consumption and supply an extra saving of energy in this type of systems. This paper presents a power-saving method for wireless sensor networks with realtime constrains. Description of an example of this type of systems will be done in order to supply background where needs and challenges will be presented. Then, method will be presented with some results in order to obtain conclusions and an estimation of future works and applications.Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-229

Mechanical behavior of single-layer ceramized zirconia abutments for dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation

Objectives: This study was undertaken to characterize the mechanical response of bare (as-received) and single- layer ceramized zirconia abutments with both internal and external connections that have been developed to enhan - ced aesthetic restorations. Material and Methods: Sixteen zirconia implant abutments (ZiReal Post®, Biomet 3i, USA) with internal and ex - ternal connections have been analyzed. Half of the specimens were coated with a 0.5mm-thick layer of a low-fusing fluroapatite ceramic. Mechanical tests were carried out under static (constant cross-head speed of 1mm/min until fracture) and dynamic (between 100 and 400N at a frequency of 1Hz) loading conditions. The failure location was identified by electron microscopy. The removal torque of the retaining screws after testing was also evaluated. Results: The average fracture strength was above 300N for all the abutments, regardless of connection geometry and coating. In most of the cases (94%), failure occurred by abutment fracture. No significant differences were observed either in fatigue behavior and removal torque between the different abutment groups. Conclusions: Mechanical behavior of Zireal zirconia abutments is independent of the type of internal/external connection and the presence/absence of ceramic coating. This may be clinically valuable in dental rehabilitation to improve the aesthetic outcome of zirconia-based dental implant systems

Measuring Resilience in Women with Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease with pathophysiological factors not yet well known; it also presents a wide symptomatic range that makes us think about the need for multidisciplinary management. It is a chronic disease in which there is no definitive treatment, and is associated in a large majority of cases with psychological pathology. Connecting comorbidities and multimorbidities on a neurobiological, neuropsychological, and pathophysiological level could significantly contribute to their more successful prevention and treatment. In our study, resilience is analyzed as an adjunctive measure in the management of endometriosis. Methods: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was performed to analyse resilience levels in a sample of Spanish women suffering from endometriosis. CDRIS-25, CDRIS-10, BDI, the STAI, and the SF-36 Health Questionnaire were used for assessments. A representative group of 202 women with endometriosis was recruited by consecutive sampling. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for both resilience scales. Results: Mean CDRIS-25 and CDRIS-10 scores were 69.58 (SD 15.1) and 29.37 (SD 7.2), respectively. Women with adenomyosis and without signs of deep endometriosis showed the lowest scores. The best predictive model included women's age, years of endometriosis evolution, number of pregnancies, and history of fertility problems as the best predictive factors. Conclusions: Women build resilience as the number of years of evolution of the disease increases. Symptoms such as dyspareunia and continued abdominal pain were more prevalent among less resilient women

Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes after Very Early Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)-A Retrospective Analysis over the Period 2000-2020

Background and Objectives: Pre-term premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) responds for one third of preterm births, and it is associated with other complications that increase the risk of maternal or fetal poor outcome. To reduce uncertainty and provide accurate information to patients, the analysis of the large series is of great importance. In order to learn about the evolution over the time of the obstetric and perinatal outcomes in cases of PPROM at, or before, 28 weeks (very early PPROM) managed with an expectant/conservative protocol, we have designed the present study. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied all cases of very early PPROM attended in Malaga University Regional Hospital from 2000 to 2020. Results: Among 119,888 deliveries assisted, 592 cases of PPROM occurred in pregnancies at or before 28 weeks (0.49% of all deliveries, 3.9% of all preterm births and 12.9% of all cases of PPROM). The mean duration of the latency period between PPROM and delivery was 13.5 days (range 0 to 88 days), enlarging over the years. The mean gestational age at delivery was 27 weeks (SD 2.9; range 17-34). The proportion of cesarean deliveries was 52.5%. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 26.5%, decreasing over the period with a significant correlation Pearson's coefficient -0.128 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the period 2000-2020, there was an improvement in the outcomes of very early PPROM cases and perinatal mortality showed a clear trend to decrease.This publication was financed with funds from the University of Malaga

Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition

[EN]Having direct access to brain vasculature, astrocytes can take up available blood nutrients and metabolize them to fulfil their own energy needs and deliver metabolic intermediates to local synapses1,2. These glial cells should be, therefore, metabolically adaptable to swap different substrates. However, in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that astrocytes are primarily glycolytic3-7, suggesting glucose is their main metabolic precursor. Notably, transcriptomic data8,9 and in vitro10 studies reveal that mouse astrocytes are capable of mitochondrially oxidizing fatty acids and that they can detoxify excess neuronal-derived fatty acids in disease models11,12. Still, the factual metabolic advantage of fatty acid use by astrocytes and its physiological impact on higher-order cerebral functions remain unknown. Here, we show that knockout of carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1A (CPT1A)-a key enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation-in adult mouse astrocytes causes cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, decreased fatty acid oxidation rewired astrocytic pyruvate metabolism to facilitate electron flux through a super-assembled mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in attenuation of reactive oxygen species formation. Thus, astrocytes naturally metabolize fatty acids to preserve the mitochondrial respiratory chain in an energetically inefficient disassembled conformation that secures signalling reactive oxygen species and sustains cognitive performance

A PCI AER Co-Processor Evaluation Based on CPUs Performance Counters

Image processing in digital computer systems usually considers the visual information as a sequence of frames. These frames are from cameras that capture reality for a short period of time. They are renewed and transmitted at a rate of 25-30 frames per second, in a typical real-time scenario. Digital video processing has to process each frame in order to obtain a filter result or detect a feature on the input. This processing is usually based on very complex and expensive (in resources) operations for an efficient real-time application. Brain can perform very complex visual processing in real-time using relatively simple cells, called neurons, which codify the information into spikes. Spike-based processing is a relatively new approach that implements the processing by manipulating spikes one by one at the time they are transmitted, like a human brain. The spike-based philosophy for visual information processing based on the neuro-inspired Address Event Representation (AER) is achieving nowadays very high performances. In this work we study the low level performance for real-time scenarios of a spike-based co-processor connected to a conventional PC and implemented through a PCI board. These low level lacks are focused both in the software conversion of static frames into AER format and in the bottleneck of the PCI interface

p38γ and p38δ regulate postnatal cardiac metabolism through glycogen synthase 1

During the first weeks of postnatal heart development, cardiomyocytes undergo a major adaptive metabolic shift from glycolytic energy production to fatty acid oxidation. This metabolic change is contemporaneous to the up-regulation and activation of the p38γ and p38δ stress-activated protein kinases in the heart. We demonstrate that p38γ/δ contribute to the early postnatal cardiac metabolic switch through inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) and glycogen metabolism inactivation. Premature induction of p38γ/δ activation in cardiomyocytes of newborn mice results in an early GYS1 phosphorylation and inhibition of cardiac glycogen production, triggering an early metabolic shift that induces a deficit in cardiomyocyte fuel supply, leading to whole-body metabolic deregulation and maladaptive cardiac pathogenesis. Notably, the adverse effects of forced premature cardiac p38γ/δ activation in neonate mice are prevented by maternal diet supplementation of fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. These results suggest that diet interventions have a potential for treating human cardiac genetic diseases that affect heart metabolism.G.S. is a YIP EMBO member. B.G.T. was a fellow of the FPI Severo Ochoa CNIC program (SVP-2013-067639) and currently is funded by the AHA-CHF (AHA award number: 818798). V.M.R. is a FPI fellow (BES-2014-069332) and A.M.S. is a fellow of the FPI Severo Ochoa CNIC program (BES-2016-077635). This work was funded by the following grants: to G.S.: funding from the EFSD/Lilly European Diabetes Research Programme Dr Sabio, from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MINECO-FEDER SAF2016-79126-R and PID2019-104399RB-I00), Comunidad de Madrid (IMMUNOTHERCAN-CM S2010/BMD-2326 and B2017/BMD-3733) and Fundación Jesús Serra; to P.A.: Ayudas para apoyar grupos de investigación del sistema Universitario Vasco (IT971-16 to P.A.), MCIU/AEI/FEDER, funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-095134-B-100); Excellence Network Grant from MICIU/AEI (SAF2016-81975-REDT and 2018-PN188) to PA and GS; to J.V.: funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-097019-B-I00), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria grant PRB3 (PT17/0019/0003- ISCIII-SGEFI / ERDF, ProteoRed), and “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (project code HR17-00247); to J.P.B.: funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2019-105699RB-I00, RED2018‐102576‐T) and Escalera de Excelencia (CLU-2017-03); to J.A.E.: funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MINECO (RED2018-102576-T, RTI2018-099357-B-I00), CIBERFES (CB16/10/00282), and HFSP (RGP0016/2018). RAP (XPC/BBV1602 and MIN/RYC1102). The CNIC is supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript