10 research outputs found
Oral particle uptake and organ targeting drives the activity of amphotericin B nanoparticles
There are very few drug delivery
systems that target key organs
via the oral route, as oral delivery advances normally address gastrointestinal
drug dissolution, permeation, and stability. Here we introduce a nanomedicine
in which nanoparticles, while also protecting the drug from gastric
degradation, are taken up by the gastrointestinal epithelia and transported
to the lung, liver, and spleen, thus selectively enhancing drug bioavailability
in these target organs and diminishing kidney exposure (relevant to
nephrotoxic drugs). Our work demonstrates, for the first time, that
oral particle uptake and translocation to specific organs may be used
to achieve a beneficial therapeutic response. We have illustrated
this using amphotericin B, a nephrotoxic drug encapsulated within <i>N</i>-palmitoyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-trimethyl-6-<i>O</i>-glycol chitosan
(GCPQ) nanoparticles, and have evidenced our approach in three separate
disease states (visceral leishmaniasis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis)
using industry standard models of the disease in small animals. The
oral bioavailability of AmB-GCPQ nanoparticles is 24%. In all disease
models, AmB-GCPQ nanoparticles show comparable efficacy to parenteral
liposomal AmB (AmBisome). Our work thus paves the way for others to
use nanoparticles to achieve a specific targeted delivery of drug
to key organs via the oral route. This is especially important for
drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
Risk factors for revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty: A population-based study of 80,756 primary procedures in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry
Amide chemical exchange saturation transfer at 7T : A possible biomarker for detecting early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Background: The purpose of this work was to investigate noninvasive early detection of treatment response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements sensitive to amide proton transfer (APT) at 7T. Methods: CEST images were acquired in 10 tumors of nine breast cancer patients treated with NAC. APT signals in the tumor, before and after the first cycle of NAC, were quantified using a three-pool Lorentzian fit of the z-spectra in the region of interest. The changes in APT were subsequently related to pathological response after surgery defined by the Miller-Payne system. Results: Significant differences (P0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusions: This preliminary study shows the feasibility of using APT CEST magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive biomarker to assess the effect of NAC in an early stage of NAC treatment of breast cancer patients
Predictive outcomes of revision total hip replacement—A consecutive series of 1176 patients with a minimum 10-year follow-up
Phase I Dose escalation study with expansion cohort of the addition of nab-paclitaxel to capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapOx) as first-line treatment of metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (ACTION study)
First-line triplet chemotherapy including a taxane may prolong survival in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer. The added toxicity of the taxane might be minimized by using nab-paclitaxel. The aim of this phase I study was to determine the feasibility of combining nab-paclitaxel with the standard of care in the Netherlands, capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapOx). Patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma received oxaliplatin 65 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 bid on days 1–14 in a 21-day cycle, with nab-paclitaxel on days 1 and 8 at four dose levels (60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/m2, respectively), using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation phase, followed by a safety expansion cohort. Baseline tissue and serum markers for activated tumor stroma were assessed as biomarkers for response and survival. Twenty-six patients were included. The first two dose-limiting toxicities (i.e., diarrhea and dehydration) occurred at dose level 3. The resulting maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of 80 mg/m2 was used in the expansion cohort, but was reduced to 60 mg/m2 after three out of eight patients experienced diarrhea grade 3. The objective response rate was 54%. The median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival were 8.0 and 12.8 months, respectively. High baseline serum ADAM12 was associated with a significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.011). In conclusion, albeit that the addition of nab-paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 to CapOx may be better tolerated than other taxane triplets, relevant toxicity was observed. There is a rationale for preserving taxanes for later-line treatment. ADAM12 is a potential biomarker to predict survival, and warrants further investigation