A Re-Reflection to Protection Standards of International Intellectual Property In the Context of Climate-Friendly Technology Transfer

There is an unsettled debate regarding the role of intellectual property (IP) in the development and transfer of climate friendly technologies under the international climate negotiation. Such debate arises from distinct opinions on IP protection standards. It can worsen the solution of climate-friendly technology transfer to developing countries. This study aims to address the question of whether a premise for minimum protection standards exists in the international IP system combined with climate-friendly technology transfer. First, the basic problem of why international IP standards pose a threat to climate-friendly technology transfer is clarified. Second, three levels of arguments are applied to prove that the IP protection standard is not the only minimum requirement. The negative effects on the transfer of climate-friendly technology arise from ambiguous existing legal provisions and practices. Third, this study provides some suggestions for improvement for international IP standards accommodating the transfer of climate-friendly technology. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n6p17

A Brief Discussion on Wide Area Security and Stability Control of Power System Based on Response

At present, with the continuous development of China's social economy, the scale of domestic power system has been further expanded, which also makes the structure of China's power grid system gradually become more complex[1]. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously increase the single unit capacity of power equipment. The purpose is to make the single unit capacity match the operation of power system, so as to improve the operation performance of power system. Besides, it can also increase economic benefits. Based on this, this paper expounds the concept and control mode of power system stability. Then the key technology of wide area security and stability control of power system based on response is analyzed from four aspects. They are wide area dynamic feature information extraction, disturbed trajectory prediction, system stability discrimination and stability control. Finally, the practical application is discussed in detail. It hopes that the power sectors can improve the stability control level of power system wide area security

Constraining C iii] Emission in a Sample of Five Luminous z = 5.7 Galaxies

Recent observations have suggested that the CIII]$\lambda1907/1909$ emission lines could be alternative diagnostic lines for galaxies in the reionization epoch. We use the F128N narrowband filter on the Hubble Space Telescope's ($\it{HST}$) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to search for CIII] emission in a sample of five galaxies at z = 5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. Using the F128N narrowband imaging, together with the broadband imaging, we do not detect CIII] emission for the five galaxies with $J_{\rm{AB}}$ ranging from 24.10 -- 27.00 in our sample. For the brightest galaxy J132416.13+274411.6 in our sample (z = 5.70, $J_{\rm{AB}} = 24.10$), which has a significantly higher signal to noise, we report a CIII] flux of $3.34\pm1.81 \times 10^{-18}$ $\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$, which places a stringent 3-$\rm\sigma$ upper limit of $5.43\times 10^{-18}$ $\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$on CIII] flux and 6.57 \AA\ on the CIII] equivalent width. Using the stacked image, we put a 3-$\rm\sigma$upper limit on the mean CIII] flux of$\mathrm{2.55\times10^{-18}\ erg\ s^{-1}\ cm^{-2}}$, and a 3-$\rm\sigma$upper limit on the mean CIII] equivalent width of 4.20 {\AA} for this sample of galaxies at z = 5.70. Combined with strong CIII] detection reported among high-z galaxies in the literature, our observations suggest that the equivalent widths of CIII] from galaxies at z$>$ 5.70 exhibit a wide range of distribution. Our strong limits on CIII] emission could be used as a guide for future observations in the reionization epoch

Application of remote online learning in oral histopathology teaching in China

The aim of this study was to investigate the application of remote learning and virtual microscopy in oral histopathology teaching, a unique experience in China. The oral histopathology teaching in Nanjing Medical University has been extraordinary. 98 third-year dental students of Grade 2016 took oral histopathology theoretical course face-to-face in 2019 (Traditional group). The 94 participants of Grade 2017 took online oral histopathology course using digital methods(E-Learning platform and Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching Center for Dentistry) in 2020. During the practical laboratory sessions, the students in both Traditional group and Online group observed the same glass slides for morphological learning. A questionnaire survey explored students' attitudes towards the remote online learning. Results: The mean Theory test scores of the Online group (80.93±12.15) were significantly higher than those of the Traditional group (73.65±8.46) (P 85) of the Online group (54%) was also significantly higher than that of the Traditional group (15%) (P< 0.01). Furthermore, both remote learning and virtual microscopy courses were well accepted by students according to the questionnaire. This study found that remote learning and virtual technology have a positive impact on oral histopathology. The findings reveal that the application of remote online learning has enhanced oral histopathology teaching in China

Waste Clearance in the Brain

Waste clearance (WC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for the proper and healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This review features our current understanding of brain WC, both within and external to the brain parenchyma. We describe the interplay of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), interstitial fluid (ISF), and perivascular spaces within the brain parenchyma for brain WC directly into the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We also discuss the relevant role of the CSF and its exit routes in mediating WC. Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels, and their relevance to brain WC are highlighted. Controversies related to brain WC research and potential future directions are presented

A polymorphism in porcine miR-22 is associated with pork color

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators that play key roles in meat color regulation. Changes in miRNA expression affect their target mRNAs, leading to multifunctional effects on biological processes and phenotypes. In this study, a G &gt; A mutation site located upstream of the precursor miR-22 sequence in Suhuai pigs was significantly correlated with the meat color parameter a*(redness) of the porcine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. AA genotype individuals had the highest average meat color a* value and the lowest miR-22 level. When G &gt; A mutation was performed in the miR-22 overexpression vector, miR-22 expression significantly decreased. Considering that Ca2+ homeostasis is closely related to pig meat color, our results further demonstrated that ELOVL6 is a direct target of miR-22 in pigs. The effects of miR-22 on skeletal muscle intracellular Ca2+ were partially caused by the suppression of ELOVL6 expression

Discovery of 16 new z ∼ 5.5 quasars: filling in the redshift gap of quasar color selection

We present initial results from the first systematic survey of luminous z ∼ 5.5 quasars. Quasars at z ∼ 5.5, the post-reionization epoch, are crucial tools to explore the evolution of intergalactic medium, quasar evolution, and the early super-massive black hole growth. However, it has been very challenging to select quasars at redshifts 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7 using conventional color selections, due to their similar optical colors to late-type stars, especially M dwarfs, resulting in a glaring redshift gap in quasar redshift distributions. We develop a new selection technique for z ∼ 5.5 quasars based on optical, near-IR, and mid-IR photometric data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), UKIRT InfraRed Deep Sky Surveys—Large Area Survey (ULAS), VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS), and Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer. From our pilot observations in the SDSS-ULAS/VHS area, we have discovered 15 new quasars at 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7 and 6 new lower redshift quasars, with SDSS z band magnitude brighter than 20.5. Including other two z ∼ 5.5 quasars already published in our previous work, we now construct a uniform quasar sample at 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7, with 17 quasars in a ∼4800 square degree survey area. For further application in a larger survey area, we apply our selection pipeline to do a test selection by using the new wide field J-band photometric data from a preliminary version of the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS). We successfully discover the first UHS selected z ∼ 5.5 quasar

DESI Survey Validation Data in the COSMOS/Hyper Suprime-Cam Field: Cool Gas Trace Main-sequence Star-forming Galaxies at the Cosmic Noon

We present the first result in exploring the gaseous halo and galaxy correlation using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey validation data in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and Hyper Suprime-Cam field. We obtain multiphase gaseous halo properties in the circumgalactic medium by using 115 quasar spectra (signal-to-noise ratio > 3). We detect Mg ii absorption at redshift 0.6 < z < 2.5, C iv absorption at 1.6 < z < 3.6, and H i absorption associated with the Mg ii and C iv. By crossmatching the COSMOS2020 catalog, we identify the Mg ii and C iv host galaxies in 10 quasar fields at 0.9< z < 3.1. We find that within the impact parameter of 250 kpc, a tight correlation is seen between the strong Mg ii equivalent width and the host galaxy star formation rate. The covering fraction f c of the strong Mg ii selected galaxies, which is the ratio of the absorbing galaxy in a certain galaxy population, shows significant evolution in the main-sequence galaxies and marginal evolution in all the galaxy populations within 250 kpc at 0.9 < z < 2.2. The f c increase in the main-sequence galaxies likely suggests the coevolution of strong Mg ii absorbing gas and the main-sequence galaxies at the cosmic noon. Furthermore, Mg ii and C iv absorbing gas is detected out of the galaxy virial radius, tentatively indicating the feedback produced by the star formation and/or the environmental effects

The Correlation between Thyrotropin and Dyslipidemia in a Population-based Study

This study investigated the relationship between serum thyrotrophin levels and dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects. A total of 110 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and 1,240 euthyroid subjects enrolled in this study. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had significantly lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those who were euthyroid. The lipid profiles were each categorized and mean thyrotrophin levels were higher in subjects in the dyslipidemia subclasses than subjects in the normal subclasses. Thyrotrophin was positively associated with serum triglyceride and negatively associated with serum HDL-C in women. Thyrotrophin was also positively associated with total cholesterol (TC) in the overweight population along with TC and LDL-C in overweight women. In the euthyroid population, thyrotrophin was positively associated with TC in the overweight population. In conclusion, serum thyrotrophin was correlated with dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects; the correlation was independent of insulin sensitivity