Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Ipomoea staphylina Linn

Abstract Background Medicinal and aromatic plants have the potential to treat various disorders both human and animals. This present work investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Ipomoea staphylina leaves on Wistar rats against CCl4-induced liver injury. Methods In vitro free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea staphylina (AIS) was estimated using ABTS [2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)} and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. Pharmacologically important phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids were analyzed using HPLC technique. Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of CCl4 at 1 mL/kg body weight of Wistar rats twice a week for 8 weeks. Experimental rats received AIS orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks. Silymarin, a routine hepatoprotective drug, was used as a reference drug. Results Total phenolics and flavonoid content of AIS are 20.78 ± 0.86 mg of GAE/g and 17.78 ± 0.45 mg of RE/g of extract respectively. ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of AIS exhibits the IC50 value of 32.08 ± 0. 12 and 45.24 ± 0.65 μg/mL respectively. HPLC analysis of AIS showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, naringinin, qurecetin, rutin and flavon. Treatment with AIS restored the biochemical parameters towards normal level, prevented the occurrence of LPO and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the levels of enzymatic (SOD and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants in CCl4 administered Wistar rats. Histopathology results confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of AIS. Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we suggest that the I. staphylina leaves extract have potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity

An Adaptive Control for Autonomous Micro-Grid Using Swarm Intelligence Technique

Abstract- This paper aims at improving the quality of the power supply of the micro-grid where the DG units are connected as cluster of micro sources supplying loads. The micro-grid consists of two DG units connected in parallel to configure the grid. This work presents a controller for voltage-frequency regulation. The controller is designed with outer power loop and inner current loop. The proposed strategy for the regulation of voltage and frequency is implemented in two DG units when the micro-grid is islanded. Swarm intelligence technique is applied for the optimum control of micro-grid and to enhance the power quality by auto tuning of the controller

A Study on Awareness of Central Government Schemes for the Sustainable Development of Rural India with Reference to Coimbatore

The government of India has introduced many schemes for the development and upliftment of the rural people in India. The schemes were introduced to develop rural, underprivileged youth into a self-sufficient, employable workforce and to convert the rural population into a self-sustained generation with housing and income generation. Since it was introduced through banks and financial organizations, people in the banks and people who have knowledge about banks and loans alone were able to get the benefits of the schemes. To implement the schemes, the government of India has started programs through schools and colleges. The following are the objectives of the study. (i) to present the various central Government Schemes of Rural India, (ii) to present the socio-economic profile of the sample respondents, (iii) to study the level of awareness about the central government schemes and (iv) to give suggestions to create more awareness about the central government scheme for rural India. Though many schemes are available and many are developed in many parts of the country, people in the South are not aware of these schemes available for them. So, an attempt has been made to know the awareness of the Central Government Schemes available, the researchers had taken 238 random sample respondents in the city of Coimbatore. The results showed that the people had a medium level of awareness of the Central Government Schemes and suggestions were given accordingly

REDUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR BY COATING THE WINDING WITH Al 2 O 3 NANO FILLER MIXED ENAMEL

ABSTRACT -It has been observed that the addition of nano fillers to the enamel can greatly improve the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of enamel. Al 2 O 3 has been tested as nano filler. The micro particles of Al 2 O 3 are converted into nano particles by using the ball mill method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to augment the particle size of the prepared nano particles. The Al 2 O 3 nano filler was mixed with enamel by using ultrasonic vibrator. The enamel filled with the Al 2 O 3 nano filler was coated on the windings of a motor. The values of electromagnetic inference produced by normal induction motor and nano coated induction motor was measured and analysed. There was a reduction of 5 to 15% in the values of the electromagnetic interference produced by the normal induction motor when compared to that of Al 2 O 3 nano filler mixed enamel coated induction motor at various distances. I.INTRODUCTION Dielectric materials were construction materials which were frequently employed in contact with metals. In equipment and installations for the supply of electricity, heat was generated by ohmic losses in conductors, through dielectric losses in insulating materials and through magnetization and eddy-current losses in the iron. The dielectric losses will depend upon the dielectric properties of the insulation such as breakdown strength, partial discharge characteristics, frequency, type of applied voltage, intensity of electric field and loss tangent II.PREPARATION OF NANOFILLERS The micro powders of Al 2 O 3 were crushed into nano powders by Ball Mill method. The SEM images of Al 2 O 3 before and after Ball Mill show the particle size of the powders. The particle size was augment by SEM images. A. SEM analysis Before Synthesisation The micro size particles of Al 2 O 3 were in the range from 10 to 100 µm size. Th

Efficient constraint handling for optimal reactive power dispatch problems

In power engineering, minimizing the power loss in the transmission lines and/or minimizing the voltage deviation at the load buses by controlling the reactive power is referred to as optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD). Recently, the use of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) such as differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO), evolutionary programming (EP), and evolution strategies (ES) to solve ORPD is gaining more importance due to their effectiveness in handling the inequality constraints and discrete values compared to that of conventional gradient-based methods. EAs generally perform unconstrained searches, and they require some additional mechanism to handle constraints. In the literature, various constraint handling techniques have been proposed. However, to solve ORPD the penalty function approach has been commonly used, while the other constraint handling methods remain untested. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different constraint handling methods such as superiority of feasible solutions (SF), self-adaptive penalty (SP), εε-constraint (EC), stochastic ranking (SR), and the ensemble of constraint handling techniques (ECHT) on ORPD. The proposed methods have been tested on IEEE 30-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus systems. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the importance of employing an efficient constraint handling method to solve the ORPD problem effectively

Performance Analysis of Single Phase Induction Motor Coated with Al2O3 Nano Filler Mixed Enamel

Abstract — In the last decades, it has been shown that the properties of the enamel used in the induction motor were improved by adding the nano fillers to it. The performance of the motor was also improved by using the enamel filled with the nano fillers. In this paper, the performance of the single phase induction motor coated with Al2O3 nano filler mixed enamel was analyzed by conducting many tests such as open circuit test, short circuit test, load test and thermal withstanding test on it and the results were compared with that of the normal single phase induction motor. The test results show that there was a tremendous improvement in the performance of the single phase induction motor coated with Al2O3 nano filler mixed enamel when compared to that of the normal single phase induction motor. The efficiency of the induction motor was increased to a maximum 6 % by adding nano filler of Al2O3 to the enamel used as the coating for the windings in the single phase induction motor. The addition of nano fillers to the enamel has increased the temperature withstanding capacity of the induction motor. Hence the life time of the motor will be increased