7 research outputs found

    Prospective study of the primary evaluation of 1016 horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners, and the differentiation of critical and non‑critical cases

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    Background: The majority of research on the evaluation of horses with colic is focused on referral hospital populations. Early identification of critical cases is important to optimise outcome and welfare. The aim of this prospective study was to survey the primary evaluation of horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners, and compare the initial presentation of critical and non-critical cases. Results: Data from 1016 primary evaluations of horses presenting with clinical signs of colic were submitted by 167 veterinary practitioners across the United Kingdom over a 13 month period. The mean age of the study population was 13.5 years (median 12.0, range 0–42). Mean heart rate on primary presentation was 47 beats/min (median 44, range 18–125), mean respiratory rate was 20 breaths/min (median 16, range 6–100), and median gastrointestinal auscultation score (0–12, minimum–maximum) was 5 (range 0–12). Clinical signs assessed using a behavioural severity score (0–17, minimum–maximum), were between 0 and 6 in 70.4 % of cases, and 7 12 for 29.6 % of cases. Rectal examination was performed in 73.8 % of cases. Cases that responded positively to simple medical treatment were categorised retrospectively as ‘non-critical’; cases that required intensive medical treatment, surgical intervention, died or were euthanased were categorised as ‘critical’. Eight-hundred-and-twenty- two cases met these criteria; 76.4 % were ‘non-critical’ and 23.6 % were ‘critical’. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify features of the clinical presentation associated with critical cases. Five variables were retained in the final multivariable model: combined pain score: (OR 1.19, P 2.5 s (OR 3.21, P = 0.046, 95 % CI 1.023–10.09), weak pulse character (OR 2.90, P = 0.004, 95 % CI 1.39–5.99) and absence of gut sounds in ≄1 quadrant (OR 3.65, P < 0.001, 95 % CI 2.08–6.41). Conclusions: This is the first study comparing the primary presentation of critical and non-critical cases of abdominal pain. Pain, heart rate, gastrointestinal borborygmi and simple indicators of hypovolaemia were significant indicators of critical cases, even at the primary veterinary examination, and should be considered essential components of the initial assessment and triage of horses presenting with colic

    Genetic modifiers of radon-induced lung cancer risk: a genome-wide interaction study in former uranium miners

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    PURPOSE: Radon is a risk factor for lung cancer and uranium miners are more exposed than the general population. A genome-wide interaction analysis was carried out to identify genomic loci, genes or gene sets that modify the susceptibility to lung cancer given occupational exposure to the radioactive gas radon. METHODS: Samples from 28 studies provided by the International Lung Cancer Consortium were pooled with samples of former uranium miners collected by the German Federal Office of Radiation Protection. In total, 15,077 cases and 13,522 controls, all of European ancestries, comprising 463 uranium miners were compared. The DNA of all participants was genotyped with the OncoArray. We fitted single-marker and in multi-marker models and performed an exploratory gene-set analysis to detect cumulative enrichment of significance in sets of genes. RESULTS: We discovered a genome-wide significant interaction of the marker rs12440014 within the gene CHRNB4 (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.60, p = 0.0386 corrected for multiple testing). At least suggestive significant interaction of linkage disequilibrium blocks was observed at the chromosomal regions 18q21.23 (p = 1.2 × 10-6), 5q23.2 (p = 2.5 × 10-6), 1q21.3 (p = 3.2 × 10-6), 10p13 (p = 1.3 × 10-5) and 12p12.1 (p = 7.1 × 10-5). Genes belonging to the Gene Ontology term "DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair" (GO:0006307; p = 0.0139) or the gene family HGNC:476 "microRNAs" (p = 0.0159) were enriched with LD-blockwise significance. CONCLUSION: The well-established association of the genomic region 15q25 to lung cancer might be influenced by exposure to radon among uranium miners. Furthermore, lung cancer susceptibility is related to the functional capability of DNA damage signaling via ubiquitination processes and repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks by the single-strand annealing mechanism

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    Student Workload for Study Projects: Results of a SurveyAssessing Student Workload in a Long-Term School Placement at the University of Duisburg-Essen

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    Das Praxissemester in den LehramtsmasterstudiengĂ€ngen in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) bietet an den drei Lernorten Schule, Zentrum fĂŒr schulpraktische Lehrerausbildung (ZfsL) und UniversitĂ€t angehenden Lehrer_in nen Lehr-/Lerngelegenheiten zur fortgesetzten Professionalisierung. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist dabei die VerknĂŒpfung von Theorie und Praxis, die im Rahmen des&nbsp; Forschenden&nbsp; Lernens&nbsp; konzeptionell&nbsp; durch&nbsp; die&nbsp; universitĂ€ren&nbsp; Studienprojekte sowie&nbsp; das&nbsp; schulische&nbsp; Lernarrangement&nbsp; Unterrichtsvorhaben&nbsp; und&nbsp; organisatorisch durch die Einbindung unterschiedlicher Akteure aus Wissenschaft und Praxis realisiert wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie „gut“ das komplexe neue Praxiselement Praxissemester studierbar ist; ein Indikator ist der studentische Workload. Erste Antworten ergeben sich aus den im Praxissemester an der UniversitĂ€t&nbsp; Duisburg-Essen&nbsp; (UDE)&nbsp; durchgefĂŒhrten&nbsp; Workloaderhebungen.&nbsp; Zum Einsatz kam ein an der UDE entwickeltes und erprobtes Verfahren, bei dem der studentische&nbsp; Arbeitsaufwand&nbsp; differenziert&nbsp; nach&nbsp; den&nbsp; im&nbsp; Praxissemester&nbsp; vorgesehenen TĂ€tigkeiten wöchentlich ĂŒber die Laufzeit des gesamten Moduls Praxissemester erfragt wurde. Nach einem Einblick in die Grundkonzeption der Studienprojekte&nbsp; im&nbsp; Modul&nbsp; Praxissemester&nbsp; an&nbsp; der&nbsp; UDE&nbsp; und&nbsp; der&nbsp; Darstellung&nbsp; des Forschungsstandes zum studentischen Workload werden die Methodik der Workloaderhebungen und die zentralen Ergebnisse der Studie in Bezug auf die Studienprojekte&nbsp; vorgestellt.&nbsp; Kernergebnis&nbsp; ist,&nbsp; dass&nbsp; der&nbsp; reale&nbsp; Arbeitsaufwand&nbsp; fĂŒr&nbsp; die Studienprojekte&nbsp; den&nbsp; veranschlagten&nbsp; Workload,&nbsp; der&nbsp; sich&nbsp; aus den&nbsp; zeitlichen&nbsp; Vorgaben&nbsp; und&nbsp; den&nbsp; zu&nbsp; vergebenden&nbsp; ECTS-Leistungspunkten&nbsp; ergibt,&nbsp; deutlich&nbsp; ĂŒberschreitet. Unterschiede zeigten sich dabei interindividuell und im zeitlichen Verlauf.&nbsp; Abschließend&nbsp; werden&nbsp; die&nbsp; Ergebnisse&nbsp; diskutiert&nbsp; und&nbsp; weitergehender Forschungsbedarf eruiert.The five-month school placement constitutes a compulsory module within the Master of Education in initial teacher education (ITE) in North RhineWestphalia. It offers new opportunities to future school teachers to expand their professional&nbsp; competencies&nbsp; at&nbsp; three&nbsp; different&nbsp; locations:&nbsp; school,&nbsp; teacher&nbsp; training college (Zentrum fĂŒr schulpraktische Lehrerausbildung) and university. The main goal is to link theoretical learning and practical application as an integral element of&nbsp; ITE:&nbsp; students&nbsp; create&nbsp; theory-led&nbsp; study&nbsp; projects&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; executed&nbsp; during&nbsp; their school placement as part of their university curriculum, as well as planning and delivering subject-based teaching units in class. How do students cope with the complexity&nbsp; of&nbsp; this&nbsp; new&nbsp; practical&nbsp; element?&nbsp; One&nbsp; indicator&nbsp; is&nbsp; the&nbsp; students’&nbsp; workload. First conclusions can be drawn from a workload survey designed, tested and conducted at the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE). Weekly measures of (selfreported) hours of work spent on the different tasks were taken throughout the entire module. Firstly, there is a description of the concept and structure of study projects, which are the key element of the module. Next, an&nbsp; overview of the current state of research is given, and the methodology of the present workload survey and its core results are presented. The key result is that the reported workload for study projects significantly exceeds the scheduled workload, which is based on the modules’ guidelines and assigned ECTS points. The results vary between individual students and phases throughout the module. Finally, the results are discussed and a conclusion for further research is drawn

    Studentischer Arbeitsaufwand fĂŒr Studienprojekte

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    Das Praxissemester in den LehramtsmasterstudiengĂ€ngen in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) bietet an den drei Lernorten Schule, Zentrum fĂŒr schulpraktische Lehrerausbildung (ZfsL) und UniversitĂ€t angehenden Lehrer_in nen Lehr-/Lerngelegenheiten zur fortgesetzten Professionalisierung. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist dabei die VerknĂŒpfung von Theorie und Praxis, die im Rahmen des  Forschenden  Lernens  konzeptionell  durch  die  universitĂ€ren  Studienprojekte sowie  das  schulische  Lernarrangement  Unterrichtsvorhaben  und  organisatorisch durch die Einbindung unterschiedlicher Akteure aus Wissenschaft und Praxis realisiert wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wie „gut“ das komplexe neue Praxiselement Praxissemester studierbar ist; ein Indikator ist der studentische Workload. Erste Antworten ergeben sich aus den im Praxissemester an der UniversitĂ€t  Duisburg-Essen  (UDE)  durchgefĂŒhrten  Workloaderhebungen.  Zum Einsatz kam ein an der UDE entwickeltes und erprobtes Verfahren, bei dem der studentische  Arbeitsaufwand  differenziert  nach  den  im  Praxissemester  vorgesehenen TĂ€tigkeiten wöchentlich ĂŒber die Laufzeit des gesamten Moduls Praxissemester erfragt wurde. Nach einem Einblick in die Grundkonzeption der Studienprojekte  im  Modul  Praxissemester  an  der  UDE  und  der  Darstellung  des Forschungsstandes zum studentischen Workload werden die Methodik der Workloaderhebungen und die zentralen Ergebnisse der Studie in Bezug auf die Studienprojekte  vorgestellt.  Kernergebnis  ist,  dass  der  reale  Arbeitsaufwand  fĂŒr  die Studienprojekte  den  veranschlagten  Workload,  der  sich  aus den  zeitlichen  Vorgaben  und  den  zu  vergebenden  ECTS-Leistungspunkten  ergibt,  deutlich  ĂŒberschreitet. Unterschiede zeigten sich dabei interindividuell und im zeitlichen Verlauf.  Abschließend  werden  die  Ergebnisse  diskutiert  und  weitergehender Forschungsbedarf eruiert
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