Remembering the River: Traditional Fishery Practices, Environmental Change and Sovereignty on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation

The Pamunkey Indian Tribe has engaged in riverine-oriented subsistence practices for centuries and has a long history of local natural resource management. However, tribal participation and interest in the traditional practice of fishing on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation have declined significantly in the past few decades. This thesis combines contemporary ethnographic fieldwork with historical literature research to explore socio-economic, cultural and environmental change on the Reservation through the window of the tribe\u27s declining shad fishery. The research addressed three questions: 1) How have the history of colonial expansion and shifts in the global political economy affected traditional natural resource practices and environmental sovereignty on the Reservation? 2) How is the tribe responding to the political ecology of environmental change and natural resource management? In what ways does their recent acquisition of Federal Recognition impact this approach? 3) How do tribal members perceive that the environment is changing on the Reservation and what might this mean for the continuation of their traditional practices and culture? I concluded that the Pamunkey face an immediate risk of losing fishing as a traditional practice, which would impact conceptions of Pamunkey tribal identity. As the tribe adapts to their new federal status, the next few years will be extremely formative as tribal leadership may choose to revitalize old traditions or leave them in the past. Environmental changes on the Reservation have historically been driven by shifts in the global market economy and climate change is perceived by tribal members to pose a significant risk to the Reservation\u27s continuity. The Pamunkey have historically been limited to local environmental conservation efforts, but Federal Recognition creates an opportunity to contribute to broader environmental conversations

Customer Attitudes to Water Use and Its Conservation

© 2016 Jenkins et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Aims: Understanding how customers engage with and view their water usage is crucial to the design of more effective water demand management policies and programmes. This paper presents the findings of a small-scale research project that sought to explore customer attitudes to the use of water and its conservation, particularly in the context of seasonal tariffs used during the summer peak usage months (May to August). Study Design: The study adopted a qualitative approach, implemented through a series of face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted with domestic water users in Bishops Stortford, East Hertfordshire (UK). The research was carried out by staff from the School of Life and Medical Sciences at the University Hertfordshire. The study was conducted over a period of 6 weeks. Methodology: A series of 20 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out with a pre-defined sample population. The selected customers were split into two equal sized groups depending on their relative water usage to reflect either an increase or a decrease in water usage [as a consequence of Affinity Water’s seasonal tariff trial]. Results and Discussion: The study highlights study participants as being disengaged from their water usage and the associated efforts to reduce their usage, so simply increasing water prices at seasonal peak usage times was not, on this occasion, an effective method to adopt to reduce domestic water usage. However, by subsequently exploring customer attitudes towards a selected range of alternative water conservation measures, such as the subsidisation of water efficient appliances, and rebates for reduced water usage, it is established that alternative water conservation measures may have the potential to more effectively encourage a reduction in water usage. However, as the findings of this study also serve to highlight, the issue of ‘institutional trust’ emerges as a key issue to consider when seeking reductions in water usage by increasing its unit cost, with accusation of profiteering looming large. Conclusion: It is suggested that a richer mix of policy responses demand management will be needed to convince domestic water users of the need to reduce their water usage.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Twas a Thursday in Class…

The purpose of this article is to describe a service-learning partnership between a human sexuality class and a community agency that assists those affected by intimate partner violence and sexual assault, and the benefits of the service-learning experience from the viewpoints of two of the students

"Попівська академія" як культурно-просвітницький осередок на Слобожанщині

У статті аналізується діяльність культурного осередку на х. Попівка (тепер Сумщина), який зіграв істотну роль у розвитку освіти й духовності на Слобожанщині.This article analyzes the activities of the cultural center at village Popovci (now Sumy region), which played a significant role in the development of education and spirituality in Slobozhanshina

Approach to simple elbow dislocations in the emergency department

La luxación de codo es una lesión frecuente cuando se habla de afectación a nivel de esta articulación. Afecta principalmente al sexo masculino y se considera la luxación más frecuente en niños. Se clasifica dependiendo de la afectación de la lesión en luxación simple, cuando no asocia fractura; o compleja, cuando asocia fractura o inestabilidad articular. Otra clasificación es según la dirección del desplazamiento, que en el 80% de veces es posterolateral, mientras el otro 20% comprende los desplazamientos posteromedial, anterior o divergente. En niños es frecuente que ocurra una subluxación de cabeza radial conocida como “codo de niñera”, la cual ocurre cuando una persona más alta tira al niño desde arriba. Se confirma el diagnóstico con radiografías AP y lateral del miembro afectado. La resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada son herramientas útiles en luxación compleja de codo, ya que esta sirve para delimitar la fractura o lesión de ligamentos y plantear el manejo quirúrgico, por lo tanto, no es la herramienta de elección en la luxación simple de codo. El tratamiento será conservador mediante reducción cerrada e inmovilización cuando se está frente a una luxación simple, o manejo quirúrgico si asocia fracturas o inestabilidad en ligamentos.Elbow dislocation is a frequent injury when it comes to involvement at the level of the elbow joint, it mainly affects males and is considered the most frequent dislocation in children. It is classified depending on the involvement of the lesion in simple dislocation, when it is not associated with a fracture, or complex, when it is associated with a fracture or joint instability. Another classification is according to the direction of displacement, which 80% of the time is posterolateral, while the other 20% comprises posteromedial, anterior, or divergent displacements. In children, a radial head subluxation known as "Pulled Elbow" occurs frequently, it occurs when a taller person pulls the child from above. The diagnosis is confirmed with AP and lateral radiographs of the affected limb. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are useful tools in complex elbow dislocation, since it serves to delimit the fracture or ligament injury and propose surgical management, therefore it is not the tool of choice in simple elbow dislocation. Treatment will be conservative through closed reduction and immobilization when facing a simple dislocation, or surgical management if fractures or ligament instability are associated

Reliability and Validity of a Self-paced Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Post-MI Patients

A self-paced peak oxygen uptake (V?O2peak) test (SPV) has been shown to produce higher V?O2peak values compared to standard cardiopulmonary exercise tests (sCPET), but has not been tested on any clinical population. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the SPV in a healthy population (study 1), and the validity and reliability of the SPV in post Myocardial Infarction (post-MI) patients (study 2). For study 1, twenty-five healthy participants completed three SPV’s. For study 2, twenty-eight post-MI patients completed one sCPET and two SPV’s. The SPV consisted of 5 x 2- min stages where participants were able to self-regulate their effort by using incremental ‘clamps’ in ratings of perceived exertion. The sCPET consisted of a 20 W/min ramp. Results demonstrated the SPV to have a coefficient of variation for V?O2peak of 4.7% for the healthy population, and 8.2% for the post-MI patients. Limits of agreement ranged between ± 4.22-5.86 ml·kg-1·min-1, with the intraclass correlation coefficient ranging between 0.89-0.95. In study 2, there was a significantly higher V?O2peak achieved in the SPV (23.07 ± 4.90 ml·kg-1·min-1) against the sCPET (21.29 ± 4.93 ml·kg-1·min-1). It is concluded that these results provide initial evidence that the SPV may be a safe, valid and reliable method for determining exercise capacity in post-MI patients

Artrocentesis en el servicio de emergencias

Arthrocentesis consists of puncturing a joint in order to extract intraarticular fluid, either for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Generally, not all patient who present to the emergency service with characteristic of swelling, pain and functional impotence of a joint require an arthrocentesis, so it has become essential to identify the cases in which it is warranted in the emergency service. It has been shown that with an adequate technique and under the correct aseptic measures it can be a safe practice, however, it is not considered an entirely harmless procedure. The most feared complication is bacterial inoculation, which can cause septic arthritis, as well as other non-infectious complications such as tendon rupture, nerve atrophy, skin changes, or even osteonecrosis. Currently, intraarticular infiltration of substances, such as glucocorticoids, has been implemented as a therapeutic measure due to the increase in degenerative diseases that compromise the joints, especially large joints such as the knee or hip. Since the indications for arthrocentesis are not entirely clear, this bibliographical review exposes some important aspects to consider when deciding whether to perform arthrocentesis in the emergency service.La artrocentesis consiste en puncionar una articulación con la finalidad de extraer líquido intraarticular, ya sea con fines diagnósticos o terapéuticos. Generalmente, no todas las personas que se presentan al servicio de emergencias con características de tumefacción, dolor e impotencia funcional de una articulación ameritan una artrocentesis, por lo que se ha vuelto imprescindible identificar los casos en que sí se amerita la realización en el servicio de emergencias. Se ha demostrado que con una técnica adecuada y bajo las correctas medidas asépticas puede ser una práctica segura, sin embargo, no se considera un procedimiento inofensivo del todo. La complicación más temida es la inoculación de bacterias, que puede generar una artritis séptica, así como otras complicaciones no infecciosas como ruptura de tendón, atrofia nerviosa, cambios cutáneos o hasta osteonecrosis. Actualmente, se ha implementado la infiltración intraarticular de sustancias, como glucocorticoides, como medida terapéutica por el aumento en enfermedades degenerativas que comprometen las articulaciones, especialmente articulaciones grandes, como es el caso de la rodilla o cadera. Ya que las indicaciones de artrocentesis no son del todo claras, se exponen en la presente revisión bibliográfica algunos aspectos importantes a considerar a la hora de decidir si es conveniente realizar o no una artrocentesis en el servicio de emergencias

Daily Factors Driving Daily Substance Use and Chronic Pain Among Older Adults with HIV: A Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

Background: Adults 50 and older make up approximately 50% of persons living with HIV. Multiple co-morbidities are common among this group, including chronic pain and substance abuse, yet little is known about the daily factors that either enhance or inhibit these experiences or behaviors. This study explored daily drivers of substance use, pain, and relief from pain among older adults living with HIV utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method: Participants (N=55), ages 49–71, completed seven consecutive days of daily EMA online surveys prior to treatment initiation within a randomized controlled trial. Multilevel modeling tested predictors of pain, substance use, and relief from pain by examining within- and between-person relationships. Results: Results revealed an associational, reciprocal relationship between daily worst pain and daily drinking, where greater worst pain ratings predicted heavier drinking and heavier drinking predicted greater daily and overall pain. Greater happiness and poorer quality of sleep predicted greater daily worst pain. Exercising and overall confidence to cope with pain without medication were associated with lower levels of daily worst pain. Finally, spending less time with a loved one over time and reporting any coping behavior were associated with relief from pain. Conclusion: Investigation of daily factors that drive pain and substance use behaviors among this unique population help inform which daily factors are most risky to their health and well-being. Alcohol use emerged as the only substance associated with both driving pain and responding to pain. Findings suggest key points for prevention and intervention