Automatic Test Generation from Interprocedural Specifications

This paper adresses the generation of test cases for testing the conformance of a black-box implementation with respect to its specification, in the context of reactive systems. We aim at extending the principles and algorithms of model-based testing à la ioco for recursive specifications that can be modeled by Push-Down Systems (PDS). Such specifications may be more compact than non-recursive ones and are more expressive. The generated test cases are selected according to a test purpose, a (set of) scenario of interest that one wants to observe during test execution. The test generation method we propose in this paper is based on program transformations and a coreachability analysis, which allows to decide whether and how the test purpose can still be satisfied. However, despite the possibility to perform an exact analysis, the inability of test cases to inspect their own stack prevents it from using fully the coreachability information. We discuss this partial observation problem, its consequences, and how to minimize its impact

Rôle du/de la diététicien-ne dans la prise en charge du cancer du sein: travail de Bachelor

Introduction : Les diététicien-ne-s ont plusieurs rôles dans la prise en charge nutritionnelle de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein. Ce dernier est un cadre particulier, avec une prise de poids fréquente dans un contexte oncologique, qui requiert une expertise spécifique. Cependant, peu de recommandations sont consacrées précisément au cancer du sein et les diététicien-ne-s y sont peu cité-e-s comme personnes de référence. Nous nous sommes donc intéressées à des études d’interventions dans le but de les comparer avec les recommandations afin de mieux pouvoir définir la place du/de la diététicien-ne dans la prise en charge de ces femmes. Méthode : Pour ce travail, nous avons mené deux recherches en parallèle. La première sur les interventions de prises en charges nutritionnelles décrites dans la littérature. La deuxième recherche a été faite dans le but de recenser les recommandations de prises en charges nutritionnelles de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une comparaison entre les recommandations et les interventions. Résultats : Nous avons retenu 22 articles dans les descriptions d’interventions. Une large majorité d’articles (19/22) avaient pour but une perte de poids, souvent par l’introduction d’un régime hypocalorique basé sur une restriction des lipides et/ou glucides. Il ressort que les articles respectent les recommandations sur certains points, comme la restriction calorique, le régime hypolipidique ou certains conseils alimentaires. Cependant, d’autres aspects des recommandations ne sont que peu traités dans les articles, tels que le maintien et la gestion du poids. Dans l’ensemble, il était difficile de comparer les recommandations avec les interventions car ces dernières étaient peu décrites dans les articles. Conclusion : Les interventions nutritionnelles dans le cadre du cancer du sein sont peu détaillées dans la littérature. La comparaison des programmes mis en place avec les recommandations reste difficile à faire de façon précise au vu des informations manquantes lors de la description des interventions. Ce travail nous a tout de même permis d'avoir une idée plus précise de la place et des rôles du/de la diététicien-ne dans la prise en charge nutritionnelle de femmes atteintes de cancer du sein et pourrait être complété par une analyse des pratiques professionnelles des diététiciennes dans la prise en charge du cancer du sein en Suisse

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Automatic Test Generation from Interprocedural Specifications

Publication interne n1835 — Mars 2007 — 19 pages Abstract: This paper adresses the generation of test cases for testing the conformance of a black-box implementation with respect to its specification, in the context of reactive systems. We aim at extending the principles and algorithms of model-based testing à la ioco for recursive specifications that can be modeled by Push-Down Systems (PDS). Such specifications may be more compact than non-recursive ones and are more expressive. The generated test cases are selected according to a test purpose, a (set of) scenario of interest that one wants to observe during test execution. The test generation method we propose in this paper is based on program transformations and a coreachability analysis, which allows to decide whether and how the test purpose can still be satisfied. However, despite the possibility to perform an exact analysis, the inability of test cases to inspect their own stack prevents it from using fully the coreachability information. We discuss this partial observation problem, its consequences, and how to minimize its impact. Key-words: Model-based testing, push-down systems, reactive systems, test selection (Résumé: tsvp) This work was partly supported by France Telecom R&D, contract 4613286