Clinical study of cases of intrauterine foetal death in a tertiary centre

Background: Foetal death at any stage of pregnancy is a tragic event and one of the unhappy events in the field of obstetrics. The present study was done to determine the probable etiology for antepartum and intrapartum foetal deaths and to study the role of antenatal care in prevention of intrauterine foetal deaths.Methods: The cases of intrauterine foetal deaths in OBGY department at MGM hospital, Kalamboli and Kamothe with either ultrasound reports proving Intrauterine foetal death  (IUFD) or diagnosed on clinical examination by absence of foetal heart rate with gestational age more than 28 weeks by dating from Naegle’s rule or by ultrasonography were studied. Inclusion criteria includes as following; 1) All cases of IUFD >28 weeks of gestation; 2) Baby weight of 1000 grams or more and exclusion criteria includes molar pregnancy.Results: The foetal death rate was 27.76/1000 births. Major causes of IUFD were PE and eclampsia (34.78%), unexplained (14.49%) and abruptio placentae (7.25%). Majority of the stillbirth were seen in preterm pregnancy between 34 - 36 (18.85%) weeks followed by 28 - 30 weeks (17.39%). Majority of foetuses were preterm and of birth weight between 1 - 1.5 kg (28.26%) followed by 1.5 - 2 kg (26.09%).Conclusions: Present studies showed that majority of IUFDs were preventable. Pre-eclampsia and abruption which are the major causes of IUFD can be reduced by improving education of the patient to avail obstetric care, more frequent visits for high risk pregnancies, timely reference to specialist. Early registration is an important pre-requisite for early detection of risk factors.

A Review on Extraction and Recommendation of Educational Resources from WWW

Keyphrases give a basic method for portraying a report, giving the peruser a few pieces of information about its substance. Wrapper adjustment goes for consequently adjusting a formerly took in wrapper from the source Web webpage to another concealed website for data extraction. It depends on a generative model for the age of content parts identified with characteristic things and designing information in a Web page. To take care of the wrapper adjustment issue, we consider two sorts of data from the source Web webpage. The principal sort of data is the extraction information contained in the already took in wrapper from the source Web webpage. The second sort of data is the beforehand separated or gathered things. Utilize a Bayesian learning way to deal with naturally select an arrangement of preparing cases for adjusting a wrapper for the new concealed site. To take care of the new property revelation issue, we build up a model which breaks down the encompassing content sections of the qualities in the new inconspicuous site. A Bayesian learning strategy is produced to find the new qualities and their headers. The direct broad investigations from various genuine Web locales to show the viability of our structure. Keyphrases can be helpful in a different applications, for example, recovery motors, perusing interfaces, thesaurus development, content mining and so on. There are likewise different errands for which keyphrases are helpful

Population dynamics and stock assessment of spadenose shark Scoliodon laticaudus Muller and Henle 1839 along Gujarat coast of India

423-433Stock assessment of Scoliodon laticaudus Muller and Henle, 1839 was made along with analysis of its few biological characteristics from its commercial landings during 2012-2016 from Gujarat waters of India to understand the population dynamics and stock status of the species. The average annual landing of the species was 5442 t, which constituted about 67% of the total shark landings at Gujarat coast. L∞, K and t0 were estimated as 75.53 cm and 0.54/yr, and -0.4 yr, respectively. Total mortality rate, fishing mortality rate and natural mortality rate were estimated as 1.95 yr-1, 1.04 yr-1 and 0.91 yr-1, respectively. The length at capture (Lc50) and length at maturity (Lm50) were 39.74 cm and 35.79 cm, respectively, which indicate that most of the sharks are exploited after attaining the sexual maturity. Length-weight relationship showed that the growth was isometric. The species was a continuous breeder and showed peak recruitment during September. The current exploitation ratio (Ecur) was found to be 0.53, which is lower than E0.1 estimated for the species using Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis. Thompson and Bell prediction model showed that maximum sustainable yield for S. laticaudus could be obtained by increasing fishing effort by almost 2.4 times higher than the present level which would deplete the spawning stock biomass (SSB) to 20%. Maximum economic yield could be obtained by increasing the fishing effort by 1.8 times which would also decrease the SSB, but to a comparatively safer 26.5% level. Considering 30% SSB as a precautionary management reference point, the effort could be increased by 50% exclusively for the sharks to increase the yield and revenue from fishery while maintain SSB at a safer 30% level

Research Support in Australian Academic Libraries: Services, Resources, and Relationships

In the last decade Australian academic libraries have increasingly aligned their research support services with assessment criteria used in the national research evaluation exercise (Excellence for Research in Australia). The same period has seen growing interest in research impact outside of traditional measures, such as bibliometrics. Social media has provided opportunities for research dissemination and new tools, altmetrics, to measure these activities have emerged. This article reports on research into the extent and nature of research support services at Australian academic libraries, how the services are managed, and the factors that influence their development and delivery. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to compare the findings with an earlier study and to provide a deeper understanding of research support in Australia. Three key themes, services, staff and resourcing, and relationships, are discussed in relation to the management and challenges faced in providing research support

Hepatitis C Virus Induces the Cannabinoid Receptor 1

BACKGROUND: Activation of hepatic CB(1) receptors (CB(1)) is associated with steatosis and fibrosis in experimental forms of liver disease. However, CB(1) expression has not been assessed in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), a disease associated with insulin resistance, steatosis and metabolic disturbance. We aimed to determine the importance and explore the associations of CB(1) expression in CHC. METHODS: CB(1) receptor mRNA was measured by real time quantitative PCR on extracted liver tissue from 88 patients with CHC (genotypes 1 and 3), 12 controls and 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The Huh7/JFH1 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture model was used to validate results. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: CB(1) was expressed in all patients with CHC and levels were 6-fold higher than in controls (P<0.001). CB(1) expression increased with fibrosis stage, with cirrhotics having up to a 2 fold up-regulation compared to those with low fibrosis stage (p<0.05). Even in mild CHC with no steatosis (F0-1), CB(1) levels remained substantially greater than in controls (p<0.001) and in those with mild CHB (F0-1; p<0.001). Huh7 cells infected with JFH-1 HCV showed an 8-fold upregulation of CB(1), and CB(1) expression directly correlated with the percentage of cells infected over time, suggesting that CB(1) is an HCV inducible gene. While HCV structural proteins appear essential for CB(1) induction, there was no core genotype specific difference in CB(1) expression. CB(1) significantly increased with steatosis grade, primarily driven by patients with genotype 3 CHC. In genotype 3 patients, CB(1) correlated with SREBP-1c and its downstream target FASN (SREBP-1c; R=0.37, FASN; R=0.39, p<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: CB(1) is up-regulated in CHC and is associated with increased steatosis in genotype 3. It is induced by the hepatitis C virus

Simultaneous Induction of Non-Canonical Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by ROS-Dependent ERK and JNK Activation

Background: Chemotherapy-induced reduction in tumor load is a function of apoptotic cell death, orchestrated by intracellular caspases. However, the effectiveness of these therapies is compromised by mutations affecting specific genes, controlling and/or regulating apoptotic signaling. Therefore, it is desirable to identify novel pathways of cell death, which could function in tandem with or in the absence of efficient apoptotic machinery. In this regard, recent evidence supports the existence of a novel cell death pathway termed autophagy, which is activated upon growth factor deprivation or exposure to genotoxic compounds. The functional relevance of this pathway in terms of its ability to serve as a stress response or a truly death effector mechanism is still in question; however, reports indicate that autophagy is a specialized form of cell death under certain conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We report here the simultaneous induction of non-canonical autophagy and apoptosis in human cancer cells upon exposure to a small molecule compound that triggers intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Whereas, silencing of beclin1 neither inhibited the hallmarks of autophagy nor the induction of cell death, Atg 7 or Ulk1 knockdown significantly abrogated drug-induced H2O2-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that activated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are upstream effectors controlling both autophagy and apoptosis in response to elevated intracellular H2O2. Interestingly, inhibition of JNK activity reversed the increase in Atg7 expression in this system, thus indicating that JNK may regulate autophagy by activating Atg7. Of note, the small molecule compound triggered autophagy and apoptosis in primary cells derived from patients with lymphoma, but not in non-transformed cells. Conclusions/Significance: Considering that loss of tumor suppressor beclin 1 is associated with neoplasia, the ability of this small molecule compound to engage both autophagic and apoptotic machineries via ROS production and subsequent activation of ERK and JNK could have potential translational implications.Singapore. Biomedical Research CouncilSingapore. Ministry of Educatio

Outcome of paediatric intensive care survivors

The development of paediatric intensive care has contributed to the improved survival of critically ill children. Physical and psychological sequelae and consequences for quality of life (QoL) in survivors might be significant, as has been determined in adult intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Awareness of sequelae due to the original illness and its treatment may result in changes in treatment and support during and after the acute phase. To determine the current knowledge on physical and psychological sequelae and the quality of life in survivors of paediatric intensive care, we undertook a computerised comprehensive search of online databases for studies reporting sequelae in survivors of paediatric intensive care. Studies reporting sequelae in paediatric survivors of cardiothoracic surgery and trauma were excluded, as were studies reporting only mortality. All other studies reporting aspects of physical and psychological sequelae were analysed. Twenty-seven studies consisting of 3,444 survivors met the selection criteria. Distinct physical and psychological sequelae in patients have been determined and seemed to interfere with quality of life. Psychological sequelae in parents seem to be common. Small numbers, methodological limitations and quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity hamper the interpretation of data. We conclude that paediatric intensive care survivors and their parents have physical and psychological sequelae affecting quality of life. Further well-designed prospective studies evaluating sequelae of the original illness and its treatment are warranted

Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk : a mendelian randomisation study

Peer reviewe