Physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt as affected by the incorporation of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) powder

The increase of soluble solids in milk by the addition of powdered products is a normal practice in the elaboration of yogurt in order to enhance viscosity, texture and sensory properties for the consumer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) powder (protein content, 420 g/kg) on the aforementioned quality properties of yogurt. Six formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 or 10 g/100 mL jumbo squid powder, plus one formulation with 3 g/100 mL maltodextrin. During fermentation, yogurts formulated with squid powder gradually achieved greater viscosity while producing both more acidity and at a higher rate than the controls. Apart from lower pH (hence, higher titratable acidity) and higher viscosity, the final enriched yogurts presented lower syneresis than the controls (p < 0.05). Although the highest viscosity (58.90 Pa.s) and the lowest syneresis (1.00%) was achieved by the yogurt with 10 g/100 mL jumbo squid powder, it was the treatment formulated with 3 g/100 mL (pH 4.31, acidity 0.85 g/100 g, viscosity 40.90 Pa.s and syneresis 9.10%) that kept constant sensory properties, as evaluated by the panelists, while improving some physical properties of the control yogurts.The authors are grateful to Biologist Armando Solari and the Technological Institute of Production (ITP, Peru) for all support provided in the conduction of this research. Dr. Gonzales-Barron wishes to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the award of a five-year Investigator Fellowship (IF) in the mode of Development Grants (IF/00570).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efecto del proceso tecnológico sobre la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos totales del lupino (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) andino

The effect of debittering, extrusion and spray drying on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds in non-defatted and defatted flours from three Andean lupine genotypes (Altagracia, Andenes, and Yunguyo) was evaluated. Total phenolic content (TPC; Folin-Ciocalteu method) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS+) were assessed by spectrophotometry. Results showed that technological processes decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidants and phenolic compounds. Bitter lupine (control sample) had higher (p ≤ 0.05) TPC and antioxidant capacity than processed samples. In non-defatted and defatted samples, TPC of processed samples varied between 0.64 - 1.10 and 0.75 - 1.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g d.m. in non-defatted and defatted samples, respectively. The DPPH antioxidant capacity varied between 2.87 - 4.10 and 3.12 - 4.73 μmol Trolox/g d.m., while the ABTS+ antioxidant capacity ranged between 50.65 - 75.56 and 61.63 - 76.88 μmol Trolox/g d.m. in non-defatted and defatted samples, respectively. On the other hand, lipids negatively influenced the quantification of TPC; therefore, the defatted samples had higher TPC.Se evaluó el efecto del desamargado, la extrusión y el secado por aspersión sobre la capacidad antioxidante y los compuestos fenólicos totales en harinas no desgrasadas y desgrasadas de tres genotipos de lupino andino (Altagracia, Andenes y Yunguyo). El contenido de fenólicos totales (TPC; método Folin-Ciocalteu) y la capacidad antioxidante (DPPH y ABTS+) se evaluaron por espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los procesos tecnológicos disminuyeron significativamente (p ≤ 0,05) antioxidantes y compuestos fenólicos. El lupino amargo (muestra de control) tenía una mayor capacidad de TPC y antioxidante (p ≤ 0,05) que las muestras procesadas. En muestras no desgrasadas y desgrasadas, el TPC de las muestras procesadas varió entre 0,64 - 1,10 y 0,75 - 1,33 mg de ácido gálico equivalente/g b.s., en muestras no desgrasadas y desgrasadas, respectivamente. La capacidad antioxidante DPPH varió entre 2,87 - 4,10 y 3,12 - 4,73 μmol Trolox/g b.s, mientras que la capacidad antioxidante ABTS+ varió entre 50,65 - 75,56 y 61,63 - 76,88 μmol Trolox/g b.s., en muestras no desgrasadas y desgrasadas, respectivamente. Por otro lado, los lípidos influyeron negativamente en la cuantificación de TPC; por lo tanto, las muestras desgrasadas tenían un TPC más alto

Composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de Dosidicus gigas “calamar gigante”

The purpose of the research was to determinate proximal composition and functional properties of the giant squid freeze-dried surimi (Dosidicus gigas). Surimi elaborated from giant squid and it lyophilized until obtaining surimi powder to evaluate its characteristics and functional properties. The protein content was 58.7% and carbohydrate 30.5%. Protein solubility in water and salt (3%) were 21.1% and 40.6% respectively, these values being higher than surimi powder of commercial species. The gelling capacity was 2.4% and the emulsifying capacity was 79.9% at a concentration of 1.0%. The color on the Hunter scale was L*: 91.5; a*: 0.5; b*: 7.0. Giant squid powder surimi considered as a functional protein powder due to its percentage protein content, and had good technological characteristics and great potential in the food industry.El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas). Se elaboró surimi a partir de calamar gigante y fue liofilizado hasta obtener surimi en polvo para evaluar sus características y propiedades funcionales. El contenido de proteínas fue 58,7% y carbohidratos 30,5%. La solubilidad proteica en agua y sal (3%) fueron 21,1% y 40,6% respectivamente, siendo estos valores superiores a surimi en polvo de especies comerciales. La capacidad de gelificación fue 2,4% y la capacidad emulsificante fue 79,9% a una concentración del 1,0%. El color en la escala de Hunter fue L*: 91,5; a*: 0,5; b*:7,0. El surimi en polvo de calamar gigante fue considerado como un polvo proteico funcional debido a su contenido porcentual proteico, y tuvieron buenas características tecnológicas y de gran potencial en la industria alimentaria

Potencial de la espectroscopia vibracional y análisis quimiométrico para la detección de residuos agroquímicos en alimentos

Organic agriculture is highly valued internationally as it results in significant economic gains for the value chains of various food products. Within the organic certification process, the identification of agrochemical residues in food is vital for screening production lots that come from organic and/or conventional crops. Currently, the analysis of agrochemical residues is performed with highly sophisticated techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass detectors (MS), these techniques are highly expensive and complex. The present review provides insights into how the combination of vibrational spectroscopy with appropriate chemometric techniques (multivariate statistics) can be used to develop methods for classification and quantification of agrochemical residues in various food matrices in a simple way, avoiding the use of toxic reagents, reducing operating costs and long analysis times in laboratories. The development of portable technology in vibrational spectroscopy would allow in-situ analysis in crop fields and agri-food industries.La agricultura orgánica es muy valorada a nivel internacional ya que tiene como resultado apreciadas ganancias económicas para las cadenas de valor de diversos productos alimentarios. Dentro del proceso de certificación orgánica, es vital la identificación de residuos agroquímicos de los alimentos para tamizar lotes de producción que provienen de cultivos orgánicos y/o convencionales. Actualmente, al análisis de residuos agroquímicos se realiza con técnicas sofisticadas como la cromatografía líquida (LC) y cromatografía gaseosa (GC) acopladas a detectores de masas (MS), estas técnicas resultan costosas y complejas. La presente revisión brinda perspectivas respecto a que combinación de la espectroscopia vibracional con apropiadas técnicas quimiométricas (estadística multivariada) puede servir para desarrollar métodos de clasificación y cuantificación los residuos agroquímicos en diversas matrices alimentarias de forma sencilla, evitando el uso de reactivos tóxicos, reduciendo costos de operación y tiempos largos de análisis en laboratorios. El desarrollo de tecnología portátil en la espectroscopia vibracional permitiría realizar análisis in-situ en campos de cultivo e industrias agroalimentarias

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Caracterización morfológica por microscopía electrónica de barrido de nanocelulosas de cáscara de sandía (Citrullus lanatus)

The watermelon peel (Citrullus lanatus) is an abundant agricultural residue, available and very little usable. The objectives were to isolate nanocellulose from watermelon peel and obtain its morphology’s images through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). First, an alkaline treatment with KOH at 5% (w/v) was realized; second, fibers were bleached with acetate and sodium chlorite at 80 °C for 4 hours; and finally, hydrolysis was subjected with sulfuric acid at different concentrations (50%, 60%and 70%, v/v) and hydrolysis times (20, 30 and 40 minutes), at 45 °C with constant stirring. Finally, the nanocelluloses obtained were observed through the SEM. The content of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, ash and moisture of the watermelon peel flour were 10.00±0.48%, 46.00±0.15%, 23.00±0.85%, 15.00±0.26%, and 10.30±0.70%, respectively. The maximum yield obtained from nanocellulose was 64.96%, at 60% sulfuric acid and 30 minutes of hydrolysis. Morphology of the nanocelluloses was better observed at 200 μm than at 100 μm. Nanocellulose fibers were more exposed and better distributed at 200 μm.La cáscara de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) es un residuo agrícola abundante, disponible y muy poco utilizable. Los objetivos fueron aislar la nanocelulosa a partir de la corteza de sandía y obtener sus imágenes de morfología a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Primero, se realizó un tratamiento alcalino con hidróxido de potasio al 5% (p/v); segundo, las fibras fueron blanqueadas con tampón de acetato glacial y clorito de sodio a 80 °C durante 4 horas; y finalmente se realizó la hidrólisis con ácido sulfúrico a diferentes concentraciones (50%, 60% y 70%, v/v) y tiempos de hidrólisis (20, 30 y 40 minutos), a 45 °C en agitación constante. Por último, las nanocelulosas obtenidas fueron observadas a través del SEM. El contenido de lignina, celulosa, hemicelulosa, ceniza y humedad de la harina de cáscara de sandía fueron 10,00 ± 0,48%; 46,00 ± 0,15%; 23,00 ± 0,85%; 15,00 ± 0,26% y 10,30 ± 0,70%, respectivamente. El máximo rendimiento obtenido de nanocelulosa fue 64,96%, a 60% de ácido sulfúrico y 30 minutos de hidrólisis. La morfología de las nanocelulosas se observó mejor a 200 μm que a 100 μm. Las fibras de nanocelulosa estuvieron más expuestas y mejor distribuidas a 200 μm

Composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de Dosidicus gigas “calamar gigante”

The purpose of the research was to determinate proximal composition and functional properties of the giant squid freeze-dried surimi (Dosidicus gigas). Surimi elaborated from giant squid and it lyophilized until obtaining surimi powder to evaluate its characteristics and functional properties. The protein content was 58.7% and carbohydrate 30.5%. Protein solubility in water and salt (3%) were 21.1% and 40.6% respectively, these values being higher than surimi powder of commercial species. The gelling capacity was 2.4% and the emulsifying capacity was 79.9% at a concentration of 1.0%. The color on the Hunter scale was L*: 91.5; a*: 0.5; b*: 7.0. Giant squid powder surimi considered as a functional protein powder due to its percentage protein content, and had good technological characteristics and great potential in the food industry.El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas). Se elaboró surimi a partir de calamar gigante y fue liofilizado hasta obtener surimi en polvo para evaluar sus características y propiedades funcionales. El contenido de proteínas fue 58,7% y carbohidratos 30,5%. La solubilidad proteica en agua y sal (3%) fueron 21,1% y 40,6% respectivamente, siendo estos valores superiores a surimi en polvo de especies comerciales. La capacidad de gelificación fue 2,4% y la capacidad emulsificante fue 79,9% a una concentración del 1,0%. El color en la escala de Hunter fue L*: 91,5; a*: 0,5; b*:7,0. El surimi en polvo de calamar gigante fue considerado como un polvo proteico funcional debido a su contenido porcentual proteico, y tuvieron buenas características tecnológicas y de gran potencial en la industria alimentaria

Composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de Dosidicus gigas “calamar gigante”

The purpose of the research was to determinate proximal composition and functional properties of the giant squid freeze-dried surimi (Dosidicus gigas). Surimi elaborated from giant squid and it lyophilized until obtaining surimi powder to evaluate its characteristics and functional properties. The protein content was 58.7% and carbohydrate 30.5%. Protein solubility in water and salt (3%) were 21.1% and 40.6% respectively, these values being higher than surimi powder of commercial species. The gelling capacity was 2.4% and the emulsifying capacity was 79.9% at a concentration of 1.0%. The color on the Hunter scale was L*: 91.5; a*: 0.5; b*: 7.0. Giant squid powder surimi considered as a functional protein powder due to its percentage protein content, and had good technological characteristics and great potential in the food industry.El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la composición proximal y propiedades funcionales del surimi liofilizado de calamar gigante (Dosidicus gigas). Se elaboró surimi a partir de calamar gigante y fue liofilizado hasta obtener surimi en polvo para evaluar sus características y propiedades funcionales. El contenido de proteínas fue 58,7% y carbohidratos 30,5%. La solubilidad proteica en agua y sal (3%) fueron 21,1% y 40,6% respectivamente, siendo estos valores superiores a surimi en polvo de especies comerciales. La capacidad de gelificación fue 2,4% y la capacidad emulsificante fue 79,9% a una concentración del 1,0%. El color en la escala de Hunter fue L*: 91,5; a*: 0,5; b*:7,0. El surimi en polvo de calamar gigante fue considerado como un polvo proteico funcional debido a su contenido porcentual proteico, y tuvieron buenas características tecnológicas y de gran potencial en la industria alimentaria

Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications

This review presents an updated scenario of findings and evolutions of encapsulation of bioactive compounds for food and agricultural applications. Many polymers have been reported as encapsulated agents, such as sodium alginate, gum Arabic, chitosan, cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, Shellac, xanthan gum, zein, pullulan, maltodextrin, whey protein, galactomannan, modified starch, polycaprolactone, and sodium caseinate. The main encapsulation methods investigated in the study include both physical and chemical ones, such as freeze-drying, spray-drying, extrusion, coacervation, complexation, and supercritical anti-solvent drying. Consequently, in the food area, bioactive peptides, vitamins, essential oils, caffeine, plant extracts, fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenes are the main compounds encapsulated. In the agricultural area, essential oils, lipids, phytotoxins, medicines, vaccines, hemoglobin, and microbial metabolites are the main compounds encapsulated. Most scientific investigations have one or more objectives, such as to improve the stability of formulated systems, increase the release time, retain and protect active properties, reduce lipid oxidation, maintain organoleptic properties, and present bioactivities even in extreme thermal, radiation, and pH conditions. Considering the increasing worldwide interest for biomolecules in modern and sustainable agriculture, encapsulation can be efficient for the formulation of biofungicides, biopesticides, bioherbicides, and biofertilizers. With this review, it is inferred that the current scenario indicates evolutions in the production methods by increasing the scales and the techno-economic feasibilities. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for most of the encapsulation methods is going beyond TRL 6, in which the knowledge gathered allows for having a functional prototype or a representative model of the encapsulation technologies presented in this review