Non Accusative Objects

The two authors, listed in alphabetical order, are equally responsible for the entire content of the paper. We are very thankful to the organizers and audience of the 1st International Workshop 'The Syntactic Variation of Catalan and Spanish Dialects', and specially to Francesc Roca, Paco Ordóñez, and Ángel Gallego. This work was financially supported in part by the institutions supporting the research activities of the Basque Group of Theoretical Linguistics (HiTT): the Basque Government grant number IT769-13 (Euskal Unibertsitate Sistemako Ikerketa-taldeak), the Spanish Government's Ministry of Economy and Innovation grant number FFI2011-29218, and the University of the Basque Country's (UPV/EHU) UFI-11/14, as well as the Euro-region Aquitania-Euskadi (La phrase dans la langue basque et les langues voisines: approche comparative, 2012).Altres ajuts: GobiernoVasco/IT769-13Altres ajuts: UPV/UFI-11/14En aquest article proposem una anàlisi asimètrica de la legitimació de cas en què, d'una banda, l'arquitectura funcional del sistema verbal només legitima, com a màxim, un SD, i, de l'altra, només un cert tipus de SD requereix una legitimació formal. La nostra proposta explica, sense complicacions addicionals, els problemes clàssics que afecten la sintaxi de les construccions amb Marcatge Diferenciat de l'Objecte (MDO) i amb elevació d'objecte, així com els efectes de la restricció de persona i cas, tant en espanyol com en altres llengües. També analitzem les conseqüències i els reptes que la nostra proposta planteja per explicar el comportament dels clítics en dialectes laïstes en contextos en què els dos arguments interns semblen legitimar-se de maneres formalment independents: un mitjançant el MDO i l'altre gràcies a un clític de datiu. En aquest sentit, demostrem que aquest clític datiu no estableix cap relació de concordança, sinó que és un determinant que s'incorpora, com passa amb els clítics acusatius de tercera persona (Ormazabal i Romero 2013a).In this paper we propose an asymmetrical approach to Case-licensing where, on the one hand, the functional architecture in the verbal system can license at most one DP, and, on the other, only certain DPs require formal licensing. Our proposal straightforwardly explains long-lasting syntactic problems in the syntax of Spanish and other languages concerning Differential Object Marking (DOM), Raising to Subject asymmetries in se constructions, and Person Case Constraint effects. Then, we analyze the consequences and challenges of our proposal for the explanation of the clitic behavior in laísta dialects in contexts where both internal arguments seem to be independently formally licensed, one of them via DOM, and the other by means of a dative clitic. We show that this dative clitic does not establish an agreement relation, but it is an incorporated determiner, as in the case of third person accusative clitics (Ormazabal and Romero 2013a)

The Derivation of Dative Alternations

Maia Duguine, Susana Huidobro and Nerea Madariaga (eds.)[EN]This paper argues for an updated version of the classical derivational approach to Double Object Constructions (DOCs) and parallel dative construction across languages. We extensively argue that the arguments to postulate a non-derivational approach to dative construction do not hold and that, in fact, such an approach runs into unsolvable problems. We argue that the structural alternation is triggered by Preposition (applicative) incorporation and Case/Agreement-relational considerations. We maintain a unified analysis of dative and PP constructions at the level of argument structure, while deriving the structural and Case differences as a consequence of the incorporation of P and its modification of the Case requirements. Combined with a non-symmetric theory of Case, this approach yields the right results for most of the properties traditionally associated to dative constructions. An obvious advantage of our approach with respect to both classical transformational approaches and polysemy analyses, is that it can account in a neat way for the “mixed” behavior of the applied and the second objects in dative constructions with regard to “direct object”-hood, without the need for any stipulative move, completely separating Case relations from argument structure.Basque Government (GIC07/144-IT-210-07, HM2008-1-10), the Spanish Government’s Ministry of Science and Development (FFI2008-04786

De los conceptos a las palabras: El papel de las representaciones semánticas

In this paper we argue that there is a translation problem from the conceptual representational system to the linguistic one that has not traditionally been taken into account. Such a problem has gone unnoticed possibly because an intermediate representational system adapted to the expressive needs of language has been postulated to exist. However, we explain that, far from solving the problem, postulating this intermediate system makes the translation problem more difficult to solve. Consequently, we propose a model of speech production that does not resort to the representation level known as “thinking for speaking” (Slobin, 1996).  En este artículo proponemos que existe un problema de traducción del sistema representacional conceptual al lingüístico que tradicionalmente no se ha tenido en cuenta. Tal problema ha pasado desapercibido posiblemente porque se ha echado mano de un sistema representacional intermedio adaptado a las necesidades expresivas del lenguaje. Sin embargo, explicamos que, lejos de resolver el problema, postular este sistema intermedio hace que el problema de traducción sea más difícil de resolver. En consecuencia, proponemos un modelo de producción lingüística que no recurre al nivel de representación conocido como “pensar para hablar” (Slobin, 1996)

Protocolos de selección y estudio del donante y receptor aplicables a la práctica chilena, en trasplante de intestino

ResumenLa insuficiencia intestinal se define como la pérdida de la autonomía nutricional debido a disfunción intestinal. Su única opción de tratamiento adecuado es la Nutrición Parenteral Total Central. El trasplante de intestino se presenta como una alternativa de tratamiento.Los resultados iniciales del trasplante de intestino evidenciaron una alta incidencia de rechazo, infección y complicaciones técnicas que frenaron el desarrollo de esta técnica, sin embargo con la disminución de los problemas técnicos por la experiencia acumulada y la mejoría de los tratamientos inmunosupresores los resultados mejoraron en forma importante. Si bien en Chile la experiencia es limitada la indicación para su realización existe y aumenta debido al interés creciente por los buenos resultados demostrados a nivel mundial.En este breve artículo se revisan las indicaciones y contraindicaciones del procedimiento, el estudio del receptor y del donante, la técnica de procuramiento y se analizan los resultados actuales y las perspectivas futuras.SummaryIntestinal insufficiency is defined as the loss of nutricional autonomy as a result of intestinal malfunction. The only adequate treatment option is Total Central Parenteral Nutrition. Intestinal transplantation is proposed as a treatment alternative.Initial intestinal transplantation results showed a high incidence of rejection, infection and technical complications that stunted the development of this technique. Results have however greatly improved with the enhancement of immunosuppressive therapy and increased experience which has led to a subsequent decrease in technical problems.Even though Chile has limited experience, the demand for intestinal transplantation exists and increases due to a rising interest brought about by the good results presented worldwide.This short article addresses the indications and contraindications of this procedure, receptor and donor studies, the procurement technique and also analyzes current results and future prospects

The formal properties of non paradigmatic 'se'

Following Oca (1914), this article argues that passive and impersonal se constructions in Spanish are regular transitive constructions where the pronominal clitic seis the argumental subject. Several arguments (secondary predication, non-argumental predicates, control and obviation, anaphora binding, active morphology or its alignment with overt nominative pronouns, among others)show that (i)bothconstructions are active structures, (ii)despite what agreement facts might suggest, in both the internal argument of the verb is not the subject but the direct object throughout the derivation, (iii) se is the active nominative pronominal subject of the construction. We argue that the alleged ‘special’ properties of passive-se are not construction-specific but follow from the lexical specifications of se agreeing with Tense as a quirky subject

An Overview of the Circular Economy among SMEs in the Basque Country: A Multiple Case Study.

Purpose: This research analyzes the maturity of environmental management as well as the degreeof to which the Circular Economy has been implemented in Basque SMEs.Design/methodology/approach:A total of 17 case studies were carried out in industrialSMEs companies in the Basque Country.Findings:The main results show that companies are limited to complying with the law and inmany cases are worried about the image of the company, although they are not committed toenvironmental issues. There is still a lot to do in SMEs, as they are the companies that face thebiggest challenges due to a lack of resources.Originality/value: Circular Economy aims to change a linear economy into promotingsustainability of the economy while also engaging in sustainable environmental protection. Thisresearch has focused on small and medium enterprises as they represent a 99% of companies inEurope and they are the ones that have the most difficulty reaching a stage of environmentalexcellence due to their limited resources

Polilaktida plastifikatua elikagaien ontziratzerako: plastifikatzailearen pisu molekularraren eragina bolumen aske eta hesi-ezaugarrietan

Nowadays the main strategy to solve the problem of plastic waste is to use biodegradable polymers. Among them, polylactide has attracted a great attention. However in order to be suitable for packaging applications its ductility must be improved. With this aim, polylactide has been blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG). More exactly, three different polyethylene glycols have been used and the effect of the molecular weight on the physical properties has been analysed. The addition of the plasticizer reduces the glass transition temperature, especially the polyethylene glycol with the highest molecular weight, and the crystallinity level is increased. The changes in the free volume fraction are small but with high plasticizer content the free volume fraction increases considerably. Regarding the barrier character, the oxygen permeability is reduced or maintained, whereas carbon dioxide and water permeability increase with the addition of the plasticizer. It is worthy to note that among the blends containing different plasticizers, the system containing the plasticizer with the lowest molecular weight shows the highest permeability values. In the case of systems containing PEG 1500 and PEG 4600 the changes are subtle and apart from the molecular weight, other factors such as the glass transition temperature, the degree of crystallinity and the free volume influence the transport properties.; Gaur egun plastikoen hondakinek sorrarazten duten arazoari aurre egiteko aukera bat polimero biodegradagarriak erabiltzea da. Horien artean polilaktidak interes handia piztu du, baina elikagaien ontziratzean erabilgarria izan dadin bere deformakortasuna hobetu behar da. Helburu horrekin lan honetan polilaktidari polietilenglikol (PEG) plastifikatzailea gehitu zaio. Zehazki pisu molekular desberdina daukaten hiru polietilenglikol erabili dira, eta pisu molekularrak propietate fisikoetan daukan eragina aztertu da. Plastifikatzailea gehitutakoan beira-trantsizio tenperatura jaitsi egiten da, bereziki pisu molekular altuena duen polietilenglikola gehitutakoan, eta kristalinitate-maila handiagoa egiten da. Bolumen askean aldaketak txikiak badira ere, plastifikatzaile kantitatea handitu ahala, bolumen askea nabarmen handiagoa egiten da. Hesi ezaugarriei dagokienez, oxigenoaren kasuan iragazkortasuna murriztu edo bere horretan mantentzen da; karbono dioxidoaren eta uraren kasuan, ordea, iragazkortasuna handitu egiten da plastifikatzaile kantitatearekin batera. Aipatzekoa da plastifikatzaile nahaste desberdinen artean pisu molekular baxueneko plastifikatzailea duen sistemak azaltzen dituela iragazkortasun balio altuenak. PEG 1500 eta PEG 4600 sistemen kasuan aldaketak ez dira hain nabariak, eta, pisu molekularraz gainera, beste faktore batzuek, hala nola beira-trantsizio tenperaturak, kristalinitate-mailak eta bolumen askeak, ere eragina daukate

Grip Force Measurement as a Complement to High-Resolution Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of A2 and A4 Finger Pulley Injuries

The ability of finger flexors to generate force has been studied in relation to climbing performance. However, not much attention has been paid to the decrease in finger grip force in relation to annular pulley injuries. The purpose of the present study was to determine if an injured annular pulley implies a finger flexor force decrease, as well as its relation to clinical and sonographic changes. We performed an observational study in 39 rock climbers with A2 or A4 pulley injuries to the 3rd or 4th fingers. The variables considered were pain upon palpation, ultrasound tendon–bone distance, and finger grip strength decrease. Three rock climbing grip types were considered: the one finger crimp, open crimp, and close crimp. Injured rock climbers presented a decrease in finger grip strength compared to non-injured controls when performing a one finger crimp (p < 0.001). There exists a significant correlation between a tendon–bone distance at the level of the injured pulley and a decreased finger grip strength measured by performing a one finger crimp (p = 0.006). A decrease in finger grip strength could be considered in the diagnostic and follow-up process of A2 and A4 pulley injuries to the 3rd and 4th fingers