Molecular phylogeny of the liolaemus kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemini)

We provide a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for all recognized lineages of the Liolaemus kriegi complex based on a multilocus dataset. We used 29 individuals from the eight taxa included in this complex for which we sequenced eight gene regions (two mitochondrial and six nuclear). We implemented maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods for the mitochondrial, nuclear, and concatenated sequences and employed BEAST to estimate the species tree. The all genes concatenated analyses and the species trees recovered the L. kriegi complex as monophyletic with high support, including three described species (L. kriegi, Liolaemus ceii, and Liolaemus buergeri) and three previously identified candidate species (Liolaemus sp. A, Liolaemus sp. C, and Liolaemus sp. D), with Liolaemus tregenzai as a closely related taxon. Another previously proposed candidate species (L. sp. B) has a labile topological position that varies depending on the type of markers and analytical methods used. In the mitochondrial gene tree, L. sp. B is recovered within the L. kriegi complex whereas in the "all genes concatenated" analyses and in the nuclear species tree analyses, it is recovered outside of this complex as sister to Liolaemus petrophilus (a representative of the L. petrophilus group). Morphologically, L. sp. B is indistinguishable from L. austromendocinus (also included in the L. petrophilus group); thus, we do not consider L. sp. B as part of the L. kriegi complex. We estimated divergence times for the major clades of the complex based on the species tree hypothesis, and all were inferred to have a Pleistocene origin.Fil: Medina, Cintia Débora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Avila, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sites, Jack W.. University Brigham Young; Estados UnidosFil: Morando, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Current management of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia across Europe: outcomes from REACH

Background: Data describing real-life management and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Europe are limited. REACH (http://NCT01293435 webcite) was a retrospective, observational study collecting data on the management of EU patients hospitalized with CAP. The purpose of this study was to understand patient and disease characteristics in patients hospitalized with CAP and to review current clinical practices and outcomes. Methods: Patients were aged ≥18 years, hospitalized with CAP between March 2010 and February 2011, and requiring in-hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics. An electronic Case Report Form was used to collect patient, disease and treatment variables, including type of CAP, medical history, treatment setting, antibiotics administered and clinical outcomes. Results: Patients (N = 2,039) were recruited from 128 centres in ten EU countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK). The majority of patients were aged ≥65 years (56.4%) and had CAP only (78.8%). Initial antibiotic treatment modification occurred in 28.9% of patients and was more likely in certain groups (patients with comorbidities; more severely ill patients; patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia, immunosuppression or recurrent episodes of CAP). Streamlining (de-escalation) of therapy occurred in 5.1% of patients. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 days and overall mortality was 7.2%. Conclusion: These data provide a current overview of clinical practice in patients with CAP in EU hospitals, revealing high rates of initial antibiotic treatment modification. The findings may precipitate reassessment of optimal management regimens for hospitalized CAP patients

A new species of lizard of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Reptilia: Iguania:Liolaemini) from Curi Leuvu River Valley, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina

Se describe una nueva especie de saurio andino-patagónica del clado Liolaemus elongatus. Liolaemus burmeisteri sp. nov. se diferencia de otros miembros del clado por una combinación de caracteres incluyendo una coloración general del cuerpo marrón clara, un patron dorsal homogéneo, una coloración amarillo-naranja muy brillante en la región femoral y parte baja del vientre y otros rasgos morfológicos y genéticos. Tiene una distribución geográfica restringida a afloramientos de rocas sedimentarias encontradas en un valle intermontano. Liolaemus burmeisteri sp. nov. se conoce sólo para su localidad tipo en el valle del río Curi Leuvu en el noroeste de la Patagonia por encima de 1037 m. Un arbol génico basado en ADN mitocondrial encontró a esta nueva especie como el taxon hermano de Liolaemus smaug.A new species of the Andean-Patagonian Liolaemus elongatus clade is described. Liolaemus burmeisteri sp. nov. differs from other members of its clade in a character combination of light brown general coloration, plain dorsal pattern, dark lateral are as,a very bright orange-yellow coloration on femoral area and lower belly, and other morphological and genetic traits. It is distributed on a restricted area on sedimentary rocky outcrops found in an intermountain valley. Liolaemus burmeisteri sp. nov. is known only for its type locality in Curi Leuvu River Valley in northwestern Patagonia above 1037 m. A mitochondrial DNA gene tree analysis found this new species as the sister taxon of Liolaemus smaug.Fil: Avila, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Cristian Hernan Fulvio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Cintia Débora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sites, Jack Walter. Brigham Young University; Estados UnidosFil: Morando, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Current management of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia across Europe: outcomes from REACH

Background: Data describing real-life management and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Europe are limited. REACH (NCT01293435) was a retrospective, observational study collecting data on the management of EU patients hospitalized with CAP. The purpose of this study was to understand patient and disease characteristics in patients hospitalized with CAP and to review current clinical practices and outcomes. Methods: Patients were aged >= 18 years, hospitalized with CAP between March 2010 and February 2011, and requiring in-hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics. An electronic Case Report Form was used to collect patient, disease and treatment variables, including type of CAP, medical history, treatment setting, antibiotics administered and clinical outcomes. Results: Patients (N = 2,039) were recruited from 128 centres in ten EU countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK). The majority of patients were aged >= 65 years (56.4\%) and had CAP only (78.8\%). Initial antibiotic treatment modification occurred in 28.9\% of patients and was more likely in certain groups (patients with comorbidities; more severely ill patients; patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia, immunosuppression or recurrent episodes of CAP). Streamlining (de-escalation) of therapy occurred in 5.1\% of patients. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 days and overall mortality was 7.2\%. Conclusion: These data provide a current overview of clinical practice in patients with CAP in EU hospitals, revealing high rates of initial antibiotic treatment modification. The findings may precipitate reassessment of optimal management regimens for hospitalized CAP patients

Marginación y esperanza de vida en los municipios de Coahuila durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Introduction: A health condition of great impact on life expectancy in different populations and countries has been the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To calculate life expectancy comparing 2019 with 2020 and analyzed its relationship with indicators of the marginalization at the municipal level for the state of Coahuila in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. Material and method: Life expectancy was calculated using mortality data for 2019 and 2020 from the Ministry of Health and demographic and marginalization indicators were obtained from the National Population Council. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to the variables under study and those that has a normal distribution where analyzed with variance hypothesis test (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Variables that where found to be significant in the ANOVA test where subjected to a multiple regression to identify predictors. Kruskal-Wallis and Games Howell tests were performed with variables that did not have a normal distribution. Results: Variables that showed a positive and significant directionality were the percentage of population greater than 5 000 inhabitants and the natural logarithm of the population size of the municipalities. This latter variable was the only predictor of the loss in years of life expectancy. Conclusion: The natural logarithm of population size was the only predictor of the drop in years of life expectancy.Introducción: Una condición sanitaria de gran impacto en la esperanza de vida en diferentes poblaciones y países ha sido la pandemia por el Covid-19. Objetivo: Calcular la esperanza de vida (EV) comparando 2019 con 2020 y analizar su relación con indicadores de marginación a nivel municipal para el estado de Coahuila en el contexto de la pandemia por Covid-19. Material y Método: La EV se calculó con información de mortalidad para 2019 y 2020 de la Secretaría de Salud y demográfica e indicadores de marginación del Consejo Nacional de Población. Se aplicó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk a las variables bajo estudio y aquellas que tuvieron una distribución normal fueron analizadas con la prueba de hipótesis de varianza (ANOVA), seguida de la prueba pos-hoc de Bonferroni. Las variables que resultaron significativas en la prueba de ANOVA fueron sujetas a un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar predictores. Con las variables que no se distribuyeron normalmente se hicieron pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y post-hoc de Games-Howell. Resultados: Las variables que resultaron ser estadísticamente significativas y que mostraron una direccionalidad positiva fueron el porcentaje de población mayor a 5 000 habitantes y el logaritmo natural del tamaño de la población de los municipios. Conclusión: De las variables analizadas el logaritmo natural del tamaño de la población fue el único predictor capaz de modelar la caída en años de la esperanza de vida

Lagartijas de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina: distribución geográfica, diversidad genética y estado de conservación

Este trabajo resume las características geográficas, genéticas y de conservación de los saurios de la provincia de Santa Cruz; se presentan también comentarios acerca del estado del arte de la investigación en la provincia y las perspectivas futuras de los mismos. Utilizando ~ 1500 registros de presencia, se realiza un inventario biológico actualizado y se incluyen mapas de distribución, fotografías de las especies, comentarios genéticos y estatus de conservación para las lagartijas de Santa Cruz. El número de especies de lagartijas distribuidas en esta provincia es de 29 (27 especies y dos subespecies), sin embargo tres de éstas no presentan registros actuales. En base a los patrones genéticos se identifican al menos diez especies candidatas, linajes no descriptos que poseen suficiente diferenciación genética como para representar especies nuevas, cuyo estatus específico tiene que ser evaluado en futuras investigaciones. Este trabajo combina la información tradicionalmente presentada en inventarios biológicos con información genética, de distribución y estatus de conservación. Más allá de la novedosa integración realizada, este trabajo tiene la potencialidad de guiar el desarrollo de estudios detallados, en los que se puedan identificar (entre otras) zonas tanto para conservación como para explotación sustentable, así como también puede acelerar la descripción de nuevos taxa llenando los vacíos en el conocimiento de la taxonomía alfa.In this paper we present a revision of the geographic distribution, genetic characteristics and conservation status of lizards from the Santa Cruz province. We summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge base and future perspectives of herpetological research in this province. We present an updated checklist using ~1500 records of lizards, and include distributional maps, species photographs, comments on genetic variability and the conservation status of all recognized species. Twenty-nine species of lizards (26 species and 3 subspecies) are cited for this territory, although three of them lack of recent references, and from the genetic patterns we identify at least ten candidate species. These are defined as non-described lineages characterized by suffi - cient genetic differentiation to likely represent new species, but intensive taxonomic work is needed in order to confirm their specific status. In combining traditional information presented in checklists with genetic data, distributional patterns, and conservation status, we hope that this novel data integration approach will lead other investigators to develop similar studies. These types of studies represent the first step towards identification of priority conservation areas, as well as identification of those that are more appropriate for intense anthropogenic use; moreover this study will accelerate the description of new taxa, thereby filling gaps in alpha taxonomic knowledge.Fil: Breitman, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Minoli, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Avila, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Cintia Débora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sites Jr., Jack W.. University Brigham Young; Estados UnidosFil: Morando, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Urocortin-2 Prevents Dysregulation of Ca2+ Homeostasis and Improves Early Cardiac Remodeling After Ischemia and Reperfusion

Aims: Urocortin-2 (Ucn-2) is a potent cardioprotector against Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, little is known about its role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) under I/R. Here, we examined whether the addition of Ucn-2 in reperfusion promotes cardioprotection focusing on ([Ca2+]i handling.Methods and Results: Cardiac Wistar rat model of I/R was induced by transient ligation of the left coronary artery and experiments were conducted 1 week after surgery in tissue and adult cardiomyocytes isolated from risk and remote zones. We observed that I/R promoted significant alteration in cardiac contractility as well as an increase in hypertrophy and fibrosis in both zones. The study of confocal [Ca2+]i imaging in adult cardiomyocytes revealed that I/R decreased the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and cardiomyocytes contraction in risk and remote zones. Interestingly, intravenous infusion of Ucn-2 before heart’s reperfusion recovered significantly cardiac contractility and prevented fibrosis, but it didn’t affect cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, Ucn-2 recovered the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and modulated the expression of several proteins related to [Ca2+]i homeostasis, such as TRPC5 and Orai1 channels. Using Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVM) we demonstrated that Ucn-2 blunted I/R-induced Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE), decreased the expression of TRPC5 and Orai1 as well as their interaction in reperfusion.Conclusion: Our study provides the first evidences demonstrating that Ucn-2 addition at the onset of reperfusion attenuates I/R-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, involving the [Ca2+]i handling and inhibiting the expression and interaction between TRPC5 and Orai1

Agrárpiaci Jelentések, Baromfi

Amerikai Egyesült Államok agrárminisztériumának (USDA) májusban megjelent jelentése szerint az USA csirkehústermelése 4,6 millió tonna körül alakult 2017 első negyedévében, ami 2 százalékkal haladta meg az előző év azonos időszakának kibocsátását. Az Európai Bizottság adatai alapján 2017 első 20 hetében 178 euró/100 kilogramm volt az egész csirke uniós átlagára, kismértékben csökkent az előző év hasonló időszakának átlagárához viszonyítva. Magyarországon a vágócsirke élősúlyos termelői ára (245,9 forint/kilogramm) 4,3 százalékkal volt alacsonyabb 2017 20. hetében az egy évvel korábbinál

Manganese Inhalation Induces Dopaminergic Cell Loss: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) experimental models are crucial in the assessment of possible therapies. Nevertheless, even though PD was one of the first neurodegenerative conditions to be modeled, there are limitations such as spontaneous recovery; lack of bilateral damage, which is a PD characteristic; animal intensive care after neurotoxin administration; and ultrastructural and biochemical nonspecific alterations but mostly the neurodegenerative time course observed in humans. In this chapter, we investigated the effects of divalent and trivalent manganese inhalation on rats and mice to obtain a novel PD animal model inducing bilateral and progressive dopaminergic cell death. We found that after 5 or 6 months of inhalation, there was more than 70% decrease in the number of TH-immunopositive neurons, and these alterations are correlated with an evident motor performance deficits manifested as akinesia, postural instability, and action tremor. More interesting is the fact that these alterations were reverted with l-DOPA treatment, implying that the motor alterations are associated with nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation, postulating new light for the understanding of manganese neurotoxicity as an appropriate PD experimental model. Our results are contributing to the development of a suitable PD animal model, reproducible, sensitive, time-efficient, and readily applicable behavioral tests