54 research outputs found
Extranodal B Cell Lymphoma in the Trachea of a Domestic Cat
Background: Primary tracheal tumors are considered uncommon in veterinary medicine and among them extranodal tracheal lymphoma, which is a neoplastic type, has rarely been described, especially with the use of immunophenotyping. Consequently, there is a lack of knowledge inherent to the characteristics of this tumor type in felines and as a result little information on how to deal with animals affected by this disease. Therefore, there is a need for more studies focusing on this matter. The objective of this work is to report a case of extranodal B cell lymphoma in the trachea of a domestic cat and point out the clinical and pathological characteristics of this neoplastic type.Case: A 5-year-old domestic cat, of an oriental breed, was taken to a veterinary clinic exclusively for cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main complaint was difficulty in breathing and loss of appetite and historical data included intolerance to exercise. A clinical examination confirmed inspiratory dyspnea and upper respiratory sounds. Hematological and serum biochemical exams did not evidence any noteworthy changes and the cat was considered negative for feline viral leukemia and feline immunodeficiency viruses through serological and molecular testing. However, in the radiographic examination of the thoracic cervical region, an opacity was observed that occluded part of the tracheal lumen and this was suggestive of a mass in the initial third of the trachea, measuring 0.5 cm in diameter. The animal was stabilized and then 24 h after admission underwent inspection of the oral cavity and a biopsy of the tracheal mass was performed. Cytology of the specimen was suggestive of lymphoma. The treatment of choice was: lomustine with a single, oral dose of 10 mg; vincristine sulfate with a single intravenous dose of 0.75 mg/m²; and methylprednisolone acetate with a single intramuscular dose of 20 mg. A second radiograph taken 24 h after the chemotherapy showed that the tracheal mass had shrunk to 0.3 cm in diameter. Seven days after the treatment adopted for lymphoma, the mass was no longer visible. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma. A 36-month follow-up after the initial admission showed that the cat was in good health, without any respiratory signs and/or alterations in imaging tests that could suggest neoplastic recurrence.Discussion: The majority of animals with tracheal lymphoma are more than seven years old; thus, this report is one of the few that describes this tumor type in a young cat, and therefore highlights the importance of considering tracheal lymphoma as a differential diagnosis in young cats with clinical findings compatible with this condition. The successful treatment carried out here was attributed to the immunophenotyping of the neoplasia, because when B cell trachea lymphoma is diagnosed early and correctly there is usually a good prognosis. Type T lymphomas exhibit a poorer clinical response through therapy than B cell lymphomas. As far as the authors know, this is only the fifth report in which immunophenotyping of a tracheal lymphoma in a cat has been performed. The relevance of studies involving the immunohistochemistry of this tumor type in cats is asserted, so that the differentiation between B or T cell lymphomas can provide greater accuracy in dealing with animals affected with this disease
A singularidade de um povoado do colar metropolitano de Belo Horizonte: mutações e ressignificações de um lugar
Este artigo objetiva problematizar sobre as novas ruralidades presentes no bairro Fazenda Velha, localizado no município de Sete Lagoas – MG; e analisar, sobretudo, suas implicações socioculturais no cotidiano dos moradores locais. Discute-se brevemente, nessa perspectiva, os conceitos das ruralidades e novas ruralidades, abordando o contexto de (re) produção sociocultural deste distrito. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a operacionalização da pesquisa foram: levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa de campo com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros iconográficos. Tal investigação foi viabilizada no âmbito da disciplina “Tópicos Especiais: Instrumentais e Técnicas em Pesquisa Qualitativa”, ofertada no primeiro semestre de 2019, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Procurou-se entender a apropriação do espaço através da análise da dinâmica local concernente às novas ruralidades aí presentes, que convivem e se interligam com características do e urbano
Primary Intestinal Fibrosarcoma in Cats
Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and can have different symptoms depending on the species, age, location and etiopathogenesis. Intestinal tumors in domestic cats are common and the small intestine is the most common site; however, fibrosarcomas are rare in the intestine of all animal species. This work reports intestinal fibrosarcoma in 2 domestic cats and aims to clarify and present information concerning this neoplastic type in the gastrointestinal tract of this species.Cases: We report 2 cases of intestinal fibrosarcoma in domestic felines (Felis catus). Cat 1. A 14-year-old female Persian breed, domestic cat, was taken to the Feline Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals (HVPA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The main complaint was chronic constipation and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed an ulcerated mass, measuring 4.0 cm x 1.7 cm. Cat 2. A 10-year-old female undefined breed, domestic cat, was taken to the private clinic. The main complaint was diarrhea with bloody and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed nodule measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. The surgical option decided upon was to use the rectal pull-through technique in both animals. The patients had no trans-surgical or postoperative complications. The material collected during the surgical interventions was analyzed macroscopically and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and then sent to the Histopathology Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ for the cat 1 and in private laboratoryfor the cat 2. After fixation, it was cleaved for routine microscope exam using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stains and for the histochemical method of Masson’s Trichrome staining technique. Complementary immunohistochemistry tests and electron microscopy were also performed. The patients were followed up clinically, showing complete remission of the clinical signs and survival for approximately 1 year after the neoplastic resection.
Discussion: There are few reports of intestinal fibrosarcomas in veterinary medicine, therefore, little is known about racial predilection, age, sex or biological behavior. As far as these authors know, this is the 6th and 7th report of this neoplasm with a primary site in the large intestine in this species. The morphological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is relatively simple, whereas, in some cases the differential diagnosis for tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be extremely difficult. The immunohistochemistry technique in these cases may not be particularly useful. The fibrosarcoma diagnosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy since no evidence was found that could lead to a neuronal origin, thus excluding tumors such as neurofibrosarcoma and schawnoma, corroborating the immunohistochemical examination. The surgical management of tumor resection with wide safety margins (minimum 2 cm) remains the “gold standard” therapy for dealing with fibrosarcomas since they have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the use of these therapies as an adjuvant is controversial. The advantages of thistechnique are related to the surgical time, simplicity, easy access and reduction in the risk of abdominal contamination. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations were sufficient to enable the diagnosis of an intestinal fibrosarcoma in both cats. The occurrence of this neoplasm with intestinal involvement in the feline species is rare; therefore, this description is important as it provides information about epidemiology, associated signs, differential diagnoses, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis.
Keywords: feline, intestine, mesenchymal, tumors, neoplasm, rectal pull-through
Utilização da eletroquimioterapia em um felino com carcinoma de células escamosas em plano nasal / Use of electrochemotherapy in a feline with nasal plane squamous cell carcinoma
Os tumores em plano nasal, são considerados frequentes em felinos e um tipo histológico comum nesta região anatômica de felinos é o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), dentre os protocolos para o tratamento desta enfermidade está a eletroquimioterapia (ECT), que consiste na aplicação regional de pulsos elétricos, curtos e de alta voltagem, neste trabalho tem-se o caso de um paciente felino que apresentou carcinoma de células escamosas em plano nasal, que após aplicação terapêutica respondeu pobremente à criocirurgia e foi tratado com eletroquimioterapia.
Tétano canino - relato de caso
O tétano é uma doença cosmopolita, toxinfecciosa, não contagiosa que acomete diversas espécies. A intoxicação ocorre através do contato de esporos com soluções de descontinuidade da pele como feridas, onde encontram um ambiente propício caso o ferimento seja profundo ou possuir tecido necrótico. Após entrar em contato com o organismo, por necessitar de um ambiente propício, a doença pode se manifestar de forma aguda ou crônica, podendo permanecer latente de 24 horas até 60 dias. Os equinos e humanos são altamente susceptíveis a doença, sendo os cães e gatos mais resistentes. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de tétano em um animal da espécie canina. Uma cadela, fêmea de 10 anos de idade, atendida em clínica privada, apresentando espasticidade aguda de orelhas e musculatura facial, tremores, ataxia com histórico de passeios esporádicos em um terreno baldio. Em exame físico, constatou-se hipertonia de músculos faciais, redução da propriocepção, rigidez cervical, temperatura de 38,3ºC. Após dois dias, os tutores relataram aumento de tremores e espasticidade, dificuldade de apreensão da ração e andar rígido. Diante do exposto, apesar de incomum em cães, o tétano deve ser considerado em diagnósticos diferenciais para instituir uma terapêutica assertiva possibilitando melhor prognóstico nos pacientes
Leishmaniose visceral canina no RS: revisão crítica / Canine visceral leishmaniasis in RS: critical review
No Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral caninna (LVC) é considerada endêmica nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Sudeste. No Rio Grande do Sul (RS) foi considerada indene até 2008 quando houve a notificação do primeiro caso de LVC em São Borja. A notificação dos casos de LVC é compulsória e determinada através da Instrução Normativa (IN) nº 50 de 2013 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Apesar da obrigatoriedade de notificar, o fluxograma de notificação não está bem determinando, uma vez que cada município possui uma organização em suas secretarias dificultando a compeensão dos profissionais. Adicionalmente, as subnotificações de LVC, acontecem também pela repulsa criada culturalmente contra a principal medida de controle estabelecida pelo Estado, a recomendação de eutanásia dos animais sororreagentes e/ou doentes. Tanto a dificuldade de comunicação dos profissionais com os órgãos competentes, quanto a aversão cultural a notificação, são desfavoráveis para o conhecimento da real prevalência de casos. Diante da relevância da notificação para elaboração de medidas de controle da LVC, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das adversidades que culminam em subnotificação dos casos de LVC no RS. A revisão baseou-se na análise de publicações sobre a enfermidade disponíveis entre os anos de 2009 a 2021, incluindo informações oficiais como boletins da Secretaria da Saúde do estado do RS e artigos das bases de dados do Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed, com as palavras-chave: “leishmaniose visceral canina no Rio Grande do Sul”, “canine visceral leishmaniasis and Rio Grande do Sul”, “LVC and RS” obtendo-se um total de 48 trabalhos. Á partir desta revisão, observou-se que existe desinformação dos profissionais veterinários quanto a notificação da LVC no RS uma vez que, a compilação de dados ocorre de maneiras distintas em cada município e, que não há um fluxo de notificação padrão. Ainda, conclui-se que há subnotificação de casos alóctones e autóctones de LVC no RS, o que culmina em uma prevalência irreal que pode favorecer o progresso na instalação da enfermidade
Histoplasmose pulmonar grave em um gato doméstico: tratamento com Anfotericina B e Itraconazol
Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis whose etiologic agent is the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungal infection, which is the second most frequent systemic mycotic fungal disease in felines in the United States, has rarely been found in cats in Brazil. This paper reports on a case of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in a domestic cat treated with oral itraconazole associated with amphotericin B administered subcutaneously. This treatment resulted in clinical remission of the patient’s symptoms, as evidenced by radiographic follow-ups.Case: A domestic cat suffering from acute dyspnea was taken to a veterinary clinic. The animal was subjected to emergency oxygen therapy, and kept at rest through sedation with midazolam. A physical examination revealed normally colored mucosa, 8% dehydration, bristly fur, body condition score 2/9, tachypnea with respiratory rate of 100 breaths per minute and expiratory dyspnea. The radiographic examination showed marked opacification of all the pulmonary fields, with a mixed pattern (interstitial and alveolar) of heterogeneous appearance and diffuse distribution, which are changes consistent with an inflammatory infectious process (pneumonia). A cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed round to oval-shaped intracytoplasmic structures, varying in size from 2 to 4 μm, inside foamy macrophages, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Based on the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis, and in view of the patient’s acute respiratory distress, it was decided to treat the cat using itraconazole associated with amphotericin B. Itraconazole was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/cat every 24 h, while amphotericin B was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, combined with 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% and 100 mL of 5% glycated serum, with monitoring of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Amphotericin B was administered every 48 h up to the 7th dose, followed by three times a week up to the 11th dose, and then twice a week up to the 16th dose. The animal was released from the veterinary hospital 10 days after its admission, showing a considerably improved respiratory condition and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. Continuation of the antifungal treatment with itraconazole was prescribed, maintaining the same dose and frequency of administration until a new recommendation would be made, as well as frequent return visits for the administration of amphotericin B and reassessment of the animal. The administration of amphotericin B was discontinued when the animal’s respiratory condition stabilized; hence, the feline received a total of 16 doses of the drug. The animal showed remission of clinical respiratory symptoms, confirmed by follow-up chest X-rays, which revealed significantly less radiodense pulmonary parenchyma in response to treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin B. Five months after beginning its treatment, the cat is being treated orally with itraconazole (100 mg/cat, every 24 h), without recrudescence of the clinical symptoms.Discussion: To date, six cases of feline histoplasmosis have been reported in Brazil, only one of which had pulmonary involvement and was treated successfully. The use of oral itraconazole associated with subcutaneous amphotericin B has proved to be effective for the treatment of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in domestic cats. Note that a rapid diagnosis of pulmonary disease is essential in order to immediately implement a combined drug therapy linked with monitoring to ensure the protocol is safe for the patien
Atualizações sobre a doença de Alzheimer e seus estágios clínicos: Update on Alzheimer's disease and its clinical stages
A doença de Alzheimer é a causa mais comum de demência e uma das principais fontes de morbidade e mortalidade no envelhecimento da população. As alterações neuropatológicas marcantes da DA são placas difusas e neuríticas, marcadas pela deposição extracelular de beta-amiloide, e emaranhados neurofibrilares, compostos pelo acúmulo intracelular de proteína tau hiperfosforilada. Os déficits cognitivos aparecem e progridem insidiosamente, o comprometimento da memória, especificamente a perda de memória de eventos recentes, é a característica mais frequente da DA e geralmente é sua primeira manifestação. Outros déficits cognitivos aparecem com ou após o desenvolvimento do comprometimento da memória. A disfunção executiva e habilidades visuoespaciais prejudicadas tendem a ser afetadas precocemente, enquanto déficits na função da linguagem e sintomas comportamentais geralmente se manifestam mais tarde. Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e comportamentais são comuns nos estágios intermediários e tardios da DA, mas podem ocorrer no início do curso em alguns pacientes. Os déficits neurológicos não cognitivos, sinais motores piramidais e extrapiramidais, mioclonias e convulsões podem ocorrer nos estágios finais da DA, mas são incomuns nos estágios iniciais e intermediários. As apresentações atípicas incluem uma variante visual (atrofia cortical posterior), uma variante com afasia progressiva e uma variante com disfunção executiva progressiva como sintoma predominante. As apresentações atípicas são mais comuns em pessoas mais jovens com DA. A DA é inexoravelmente progressiva, mas a taxa de progressão pode variar. A expectativa média de vida após o diagnóstico foi relatada entre 8 e 10 anos, mas pode variar de 3 a 20 anos. A DA deve ser suspeitada em qualquer idoso com início insidioso, declínio progressivo da memória e pelo menos um outro domínio cognitivo que leve ao funcionamento prejudicado. 
Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents
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