RAZÃO ÓTIMA DE HEDGE PARA OS CONTRATOS FUTUROS DO BOI GORDO: UMA ANÁLISE DO MECANISMO DE CORREÇÃO DE ERROS

A gestão dos resultados das atividades agropecuárias tem se tornado um constante desafio para os empresários rurais e a sua mensuração é imprescindível para o planejamento e análises de desempenho. No caso do mercado do boi gordo não tem sido diferente, principalmente, no que se refere às oscilações apresentadas nos preços. Nesse sentido, o mercado futuro tem se traduzido em um importante instrumento para reduzir os riscos de oscilação de preços. Porém, o pecuarista precisa identificar qual a proporção da produção que deve ser protegida. Assim, o objetivo principal do presente estudo consiste em estimar a razão ótima de hedge (ROH) para os pecuaristas da região de Cuiabá/MT e Campo Grande/MS utilizando o Mecanismo de Correção de Erros (MCE) para os dados diários, semanais e mensais. Os resultados mostraram que a razão ótima de hedge é muito sensível a freqüência dos dados. A Região de Campo Grande/MS apresentou ROH superiores as de Cuiabá/MT, pois regiões com maiores volatilidades devem proteger uma parcela maior da produção. Além disso, concluiu-se que a razão ótima de hedge apresenta melhores índices quanto se insere o Mecanismo de Correção de Erros no processo de estimação confirmando que séries não estacionárias podem fornecem estimativas errôneas da razão ótima de hedge, quando não considerado as relações de co-integração entre as variáveis.----------------------------------------------The management of the results of the farming activities has if become a constant challenge for the agricultural entrepreneurs and its measure is essential for the planning and analyses of performance. In this case of the market of the fat cattle it has not been different, mainly, as for the oscillations presented in the prices. In this direction, the futures market if has translated an important instrument to reduce the risks of price fluctuation. However, the producer needs to identify to which the ratio of the production that must be protected. Thus, the main goal of the present study consists of esteem the Optimal Hedge Ratio (OHR) for the producer of the region of Cuiabá/MT and Campo Grande /MS using the Error-Correction Mechanism (ECM) for the daily, weekly and monthly data. The results had shown that the Optimal Hedge Ratio is many sensible the frequency of the data. The Region of Campo Grande/MS presented high OHR of Cuiabá/MT, therefore regions with higher volatile must protect a bigger share of the production. Moreover, concluded that the OHR presents better index how much the Error Correction Mechanism in the process of esteem is inserted confirming that not stationary series can supply mistaken estimates of the OHR, when not considered the relations of co-integration between the variables.Preços físicos e futuro, Boi Gordo, MCE, Razão ótima de hedge, Future and spot prices, Fat cattle, ECM, Optimal hedge ratio, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,

Papaya foot rot reduction under nursery conditions with application of potassium, calcium, or magnesium phosphate

O controle da podridão-do-pé (Phytophthora palmivora) do mamoeiro (Carica papaya) é essencial para reduzir perdas e aumentar a produtividade dos plantios. Sete fosfitos foram avaliados em plântulas (~10cm de altura) de mamoeiro da cultivar 'Tailândia Roxão'. Experimentos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos: determinar a melhor forma de aplicação do fosfito (pulverização ou rega); determinar o melhor período prévio à inoculação do patógeno para aplicação do fosfito; determinar a quantidade de aplicações de fosfito; determinar o efeito de diferentes fosfitos sobre a doença. Os resultados dos testes mostraram que: o método mais adequado para aplicação dos fosfitos foi a pulverização da parte aérea; a aplicação dos fosfitos deve ocorrer com pelo menos 48h antes da inoculação do patógeno; duas pulverizações semanais por três semanas consecutivas antes da inoculação do patógeno reduziram a doença; e fosetyl-Al e todos os fosfitos testados [fosfito A (40% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 150mL p.c. 100L-1), B (40% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 250mL), C (10% P2O5 + 6% Ca, 400mL), D (20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 200mL), E (40% P2O5 + 6% Mg, 150mL), F (30% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 175mL), G (20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 200mL)] reduziram a doença. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTFoot rot, caused by Phytophthora palmivora, is an important disease of papaya (Carica papaya). Disease control is of extreme importance to reduce losses and to increase productivity. Seven phosphites were tested in greenhouse using papaya seedlings (~ 10cm height) of the cultivar 'Tailândia Roxão'. Experiments were conducted with the following objectives: to determine the most effective method for phosphite application (spray or drench) to reduce disease; to determine the period for phosphite application before pathogen inoculation on plants; to determine the number of phosphite applications; to determine the effects of different phosphites on disease severity. Data from experiments showed that: spraying of aerial plant parts was the most adequate method for phosphite application; phosphites should be applied at least 48h before the inoculation of the pathogen on plants; two weekly phosphite sprays for three consecutive weeks before the pathogen inoculation on plants reduced disease, and; fosetyl-Al and all tested phosphites [phosphite A (40% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 150mL c.p. 100L-1), B (40% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 250mL), C (10% P2O5 + 6% Ca, 400mL), D (20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 200mL), E (40% P2O5 + 6% Mg, 150mL), F (30% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 175mL), G (20% P2O5 + 20% K2O, 200mL)] reduced disease severity

Abordagem do HPV no ensino médio por meio de uma oficina temática: uma experiência a partir do PIBID/UEM

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014Este trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência de uma Oficina Temática relacionada ao Papilomavírus humano ( HPV), junto a estudantes do Ensino Médio. A atividade foi desenvolvida por licenciandas do curso de Ciências Biológicas, integrantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Os dados foram obtidos junto a vinte e quatro alunos de uma escola pública da cidade de Maringá, região noroeste do estado do Paraná. Na organização do ensino foram empregadas atividades diversificadas, incluindo textos, trechos de filmes e documentários, imagens, dinâmicas grupais e confecção de cartazes (como meio de divulgação da campanha de vacinação promovida pelo Governo Federal, aos demais estudantes do colégio). A análise dos cartazes evidenciou uma apropriação de conhecimentos relacionados aos meios de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento do HPV e relevância da vacinaçã

Evaluation of phosphite applications for severity of papaya black spot (Asperisporium caricae)

O controle da varíola do mamoeiro é necessário; portanto, propôs-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito de aplicações foliares de fosfitos (K, Ca, Mg e Cu) sobre a doença. Dois fosfitos e o fungicida Fosetyl-Al foram testados em condições de campo, com plantas naturalmente infectadas pelo patógeno. Dez fosfitos e o fungicida Fosetyl-Al foram testados sob telado também com plantas naturalmente infectadas por A. caricae. Tanto no experimento de campo quanto sob telado, os tratamentos contendo fosfito reduziram a severidade da doença. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe control of black spot of papaya is necessary, therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar applications of phosphites (K, Ca, Mg and Cu) on papaya black spot. Two phosphites and the fungicide Fosetyl-Al were tested on a field trial with papaya plants naturally infected by the pathogen. Ten phosphites and the fungicide Fosetyl-Al were tested in a greenhouse trial, also with plants naturally infected by A. caricae. In both, field and greenhouse trials, the phosphite treatments reduced black spot severity

Use of slate to built swine nursery cells: II - thermal environment and noise evaluation

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o ambiente t?rmico e o ru?do em celas de maternidade para su?nos com divis?rias de alvenaria ou com rochas de ard?sia. Para as medidas das vari?veis de conforto t?rmico e de ru?dos, utilizaram-se de term?metros e decibel?metro. No interior das celas e para a an?lise estat?stica, foram usados doze matrizes e cento e trinta e nove leit?es, distribu?dos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostraram que, no per?odo da manh?, em ambos os tratamentos, as condi??es de conforto t?rmico foram mais adequadas para as matrizes, enquanto no per?odo da tarde, mais adequadas para os leit?es; com rela??o ao ru?do, este foi menor nas celas de alvenaria. De forma geral, o ambiente no interior das celas constru?das em ard?sia apresentou umidade relativa mais baixa, e ITGU e temperatura mais elevada que as celas constru?das em alvenaria. O n?vel de ru?dos permaneceu dentro dos limites considerados ideais para su?nos em ambos os tratamentos.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thermal environment and noise levels in swine farrowing cells built with masonry or slate. Thermometers and sound level meter equipment were used to measure the thermal comfort variables. Inside the cells and for the statistical analysis, twelve sows and one hundred thirty-nine piglets were used, distributed in a randomized blocks design in a split-plot arrangement. The results showed that in the morning, in both treatments, the thermal comfort conditions were more suitable for sows, while in the afternoon it was more suitable for piglets. The noise was lower in the masonry cells. Overall, the environment inside in the cells built with slate presented lower relative humidity and, higher BGHI and temperature than those built with masonry. The noise level remained within the thresholds considered as ideal for swine in both treatments

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Toxic Activities of Propolis from Two Native Bees in Brazil: Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides

Propolis is a natural mixture of compounds produced by various bee species, including stingless bees. This compound has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic activities of ethanol extracts of propolis obtained from the stingless bees Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, which are found in Brazil. Phytosterols, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and tocopherol were identified in the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) in different concentrations. The compounds stigmasterol, taraxasterol, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found only in EEP-M. The EEPs were able to scavenge the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and protected human erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation, with the latter effect being demonstrated by their antihemolytic activity and inhibition of malondialdehyde formation. The EEPs showed cytotoxic activity against erythroleukemic cells and necrosis was the main mechanism of death observed. In addition, the concentrations at which the EEPs were cytotoxic were not toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans. In this context, it is concluded that EEP-S and EEP-M show antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and are promising bioactive mixtures for the control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fed Univ Grande Dourados, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dourados, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, Course Chem, Dourados, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Mogi Das Cruzes, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biochem Invest, Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

The use of slate in the building of swine farrowing stalls: I -effect on the environment and the swine behaviour

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o uso da ard?sia na constru??o de celas de maternidade, sendo monitoradas 12 matrizes e 139 leit?es em celas confeccionadas de alvenaria e ard?sia (tratamentos). Imagens digitais foram avaliadas por meio de dois etogramas. As vari?veis ambientais foram registradas ?s 9 h e 15 h. O desempenho dos leit?es foi determinado pelo peso ao nascimento e ? desmama, ganho de peso di?rio e final. Na cela de alvenaria, os leit?es passaram menos tempo mamando (25,62%) e mais no escamoteador (38,91%) que aqueles mantidos na cela de ard?sia (29,22% mamando e 24,90% no escamoteador). As vari?veis ambientais e os ?ndices de conforto mostraram que o microclima na cela de ard?sia apresentou-se mais confort?vel aos leit?es, enquanto aquele em alvenaria foi mais confort?vel ?s matrizes. Os leit?es mantidos nas celas de alvenaria apresentaram ganho de peso di?rio semelhante aos alojados em celas de ard?sia (P<0,05). Os comportamentos das matrizes foram semelhantes em ambos os tipos de cela, apresentando maior frequ?ncia do comportamento deitado. A ard?sia pode ser uma alternativa vantajosa ? alvenaria na constru??o de celas no setor de maternidade para su?nos, por apresentar maior impermeabilidade, facilidade de limpeza e desinfec??o.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)It was aimed with the present study to evaluate the use of slate in the construction of farrowing stalls. Twelve sows and one hundred thirty nine piglets were monitored in cell built with masonry and slate (treatments). Digital images were evaluated through two ethogram. The environmental variants were evaluated at 9 am and 3 pm. The piglets' performance was determinated by birth and weaning weights, and daily and final weight gains. At the masonry cell the piglets spent less time nursing (25.62%) and more in the creep (38.91%) than those kept in the slate cell (29.22% nursing and 24.90% in the creep). And the environmental variants and comfort index showed that the microclimate into the slate cell was more comfortable to piglets, while that around the masonry was more comfortable to sows. The piglets kept in the masonry cell presented daily weight gain similar to the ones housed in the slate cell (P <0.05). The sows' behaviors were similar in both types of cell, showing higher frequency of the laying behavior. Slate can be an advantageous alternative to masonry construction of cell in the field of farrowing housing for swine, due to its higher impermeability, easy for cleaning and disinfection

Chemical profile and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of geopropolis from the stingless bee Melipona orbignyi

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Geopropolis is a resin mixed with mud, produced only by stingless bees. Despite being popularly known for its medicinal properties, few scientific studies have proven its biological activities. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of the Melipona orbignyi geopropolis. The hydroalcoholic extract of geopropolis (HEGP) was prepared and its chemical composition determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by the capture of free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the hyaluronidase enzyme and the antimutagenic action was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies. The antimicrobial activities were determined against bacteria and yeasts, isolated from reference strains and hospital origin. The chemical composition of HEGP included flavonoids, derivatives of glycosylated phenolic acids and terpenoids. HEGP showed high antioxidant activity, it inhibited the activity of the inflammatory enzyme hyaluronidase and reduced the mutagenic effects in S. cerevisiae. In relation to the antimicrobial activity, it promoted the death of all microorganisms evaluated. In conclusion, this study reveals for the first time the chemical composition of the HEGP of M. orbignyi and demonstrates its pharmacological properties.This work was supported by grants from Foundation to Support to Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT, Brazil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) and PRODER, (24.073 – Â, Portugal).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Chemical Profile of Senna velutina Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects

Natural products can be a source of biomolecules with antioxidant activity which are able to prevent oxidative stress-induced diseases and show antitumor activity, making them important sources of new anticancer drug prototypes. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of an ethanol extract of Senna velutina leaves and to assess its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in leukemic cells. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and by examining the extract's inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. Its cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action were assessed in Jurkat and K562 leukemic cell lines. The ethanol extract contained flavonoids, such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin, kaempferol heteroside, rutin, and dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidin derivatives. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and antihemolytic action, and it decreased malondialdehyde content in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, the extract also induced leukemic cell death by activating intracellular calcium and caspase-3, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting the cell cycle in S and G2 phases. Hence, S. velutina leaf extract contains antioxidant and antileukemic biomolecules with potential applications in diseases associated with oxidative stress and in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.This work was supported by grants of the Fundac¸˜ao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciˆencia e Tecnologia do Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol´ogico (CNPq), and Coordenac¸˜ao de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de N´ıvel Superior (CAPES). Edson Lucas dos Santos, Carlos Alexandre Carollo, and Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero are recipients of fellowships from Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), Brazil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conservation of wild mushrooms through electron beam irradiation

The high perishability is a characteristic of the mushrooms consumed in fresh. Therefore, it is mandatory the application of effective conservation technologies to preserve and protect their chemical composition and nutritional value. Drying processes are widely used, but do not avoid the development of bacteria and fungi which have the ability to survive for long periods of time in dry foods, causing the loss of some nutrients and leading to food browning and oxidation of lipids and vitamins [1]. Irradiation appears as an alternative to food preservation assuring and maintaining its quality [2]. In this work, the effects of electron beam irradiation and storage time on nutritional and chemical parameters of wild samples of Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, previously submitted to a drying process (oven at 30 ºC), were assessed. The wild mushroom samples were collected in Trás-os-Montes; electron beam irradiation (doses 0.5, 1 and 6 kGy) was carried out in the INCT- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland and the analyses were performed over the storage period (0, 6 and 12 months). The results were compared with a control (non-irradiated samples). The nutritional value was determined according to the official procedures of food analysis, while the profiles of fatty acids, tocopherols, mono and oligosaccharides were obtained by chromatographic techniques [1]. The irradiation showed a better capacity to maintain the nutritional and chemical profile, in comparison with the storage time. Effectively, the storage time had a significant effect in all parameters, but fatty acids undergone significant changes both with irradiation doses and storage time. Electron beam irradiation can be considered a suitable technique for conservation of mushrooms for long periods of time, attenuating the changes caused by the drying treatment.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), A. Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016) and J.C.M. Barreira contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio